Date

Major ideas

1900’s

• Educational film
• visual instruction movement

1920’s

• Individualized instruction

1930’s

• Behavioral objectives

1940’s

• Origins of instructional design
• WWII military training

1950’s

• Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, and Krathwohl (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Bloom’s Taxonomy)
• Programmed instruction
• Instructional television
• Task analysis

1960’s

• instructional technology as a process rather than media
• looking @ instructional problems & examining feasible solutions to these problems
• application of science to instructional practices
• criterion-referenced testing
• Ely’s definition of IT  (1963)
• formative and summative evaluation
• mastery learning (Bloom)

1970’s

• explosion of new models for the systematic design of instruction
• Dick & Carey, Gagne & Briggs, Briggs & Wagner, Banathy, Mager & Pipe, Merrill, Atkins, Kaufman  (see (Andrews & Goodson, 1995) )
• AECT definition  (1977)                                                                   “Educational technology is a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems, involved in all aspects of human learning.”
• described various learning resources not limited to development and use of media

1980’s

• computer-based instruction

1990’s

• IT is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of processes and resources for learning
• Electronic Performance Support Systems, distance learning technologies, human performance technology