list 9 disarray --- earshot
disarray [dIsE5reI] n. 杂乱的状态；混乱
shipshape:disarray=squalid:cleanliness
井井有条的:杂乱的状态=肮脏的:干净（形容词与名词的反义关系）
Synonyms: CONFUSION, chaos, clutter, disorder, huddle, muddle, snarl,
topsy-turviness
Sample:Her hair and clothes were in disarray
after she fell.
disavow [dIsE5vaJ] vt. 否认,否定,抵赖
to deny responsibility for:REPUDIATE
disavow<>affirm
否认,不承认<>承认
disavowal<>admission
拒绝<>允许
disavowal<>acknowledgement
否认<>承认
Synonyms: DISCLAIM, deny, disacknowledge, disallow, disown, repudiate
Sample:He disavows any further connection with
what we now know is a criminal organization.
discard [dI5skB:d]
vt. 丢弃,抛弃,解雇
to get rid of especially as useless or
unpleasant
retain<>discard
保持,保留<>丢弃,抛弃
Synonyms: abdicate, cashier, cast,
chuck, ditch, dump, jettison, junk, lay aside, reject, scrap, shed, shuck
(off), slough, throw away, throw out, wash out
Sample:We must discard this trash (those old
ideas, etc.).
discernible [dI`s\:nEbl,] adj.可辨别的
audible:stentorian=discernable:obvious
可听见的:洪亮的=可辨别的:明显的（程度比较）
audible:stentorian=discernible:manifest
可听见的:洪亮的=可辨别的:明显的（程度比较）
discern:acute=believe:gullible
辨别:敏锐的=相信:易受骗的（人物个性及其正面特征行为）
Sample:Though historically there is a discernible
break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the
Diaspora （the dispersion of Jewish people after the
conquest of Israel）， the spirit of the legal matter in later
parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud， one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in
the Diaspora.
discerning [dI5s\:nIN] adj. 有洞察力的,眼力好的,眼光敏锐的
showing insight and
understanding:DISCRIMINATING
palatable:savory=discernible:manifest
可口的:风味极佳的=辨别得出:明显的（形容词程度类比）
perspicacious:discerning=ravishing:attractive
敏锐的:有洞察力的=令人销魂的极其迷人的:有吸引力的（形容词程度类比）
caprice:whimsical=insight:discerning
任性:反复无常的=洞察力:洞悉 （同义关系）
insight:discern=mettle:endure
洞察力:洞悉=毅力:忍耐（同义关系）
insight:discerning=deadpan:impassive
洞察力:洞悉=无表情:消极 {争吵:不愉快}（动作及其正面特征）
myopic<>discerning
缺乏远见,缺乏辨别力<>有判断力的
acumen<>unable to discerning
敏锐的<>不能辨别的
perspicacious<>lack of discernment
极其敏锐<>缺乏洞察力
perspicacity<>indiscernment
敏锐的<>没有洞察力
Synonyms: WISE, gnostic,
insighted, insightful, knowing, knowledgeable, perceptive, sagacious, sage,
wisehearted
Sample:She has a discerning mind and quickly
understood how to solve our problem.
discharge [5dIstFB:dV]
vt. 卸下,放出,解雇,放电,履行
to dismiss from employment
discharge<>hire
解雇<>雇佣
Synonyms: EXEMPT, absolve,
dispense, excuse, let off, privilege (from), relieve, spare
Sample:Management discharged 100 workers.
disciple [dI5saIp(E)l] n.信徒, 弟子, 门徒
one who accepts and assists in spreading the doctrines
of another
disciple:follow=apologist:defend
信徒:追随=辩护者:辩护 （人物及其特征行为）
Sample:She is a disciple of the British school of
economics.
discipline [5dIsIplIn]
n.纪律, 学科 v.使遵守准则，使服从权威
a rule or system of rules governing conduct
or activity
stickler:exacting=martinet:disciplinal
毫不屈服地坚持某事的人:苛求的,严格的=严格执行军纪的军官:风纪的（人极其性格特征）
coltish:discipline=loutish:grace
活泼的:自制, 自控=粗鄙的:风度（缺乏关系）
obstreperous<>disciplined
吵闹的, 暴乱的<>遵守纪律的
Synonyms: PUNISHMENT, castigation,
chastisement, correction, punition, rod
Sample:The student disrupted the class, so the
teacher disciplined him by giving him extra work to do.
disclaim [dIs5kleIm]
vt.vi. 放弃,弃权,拒绝
to renounce a legal claim to
Synonyms: deny, disacknowledge, disallow, disavow, disown, repudiate
Sample:The defendant disclaimed his right to
trial by jury and chose instead trial before a judge.
discography [dIs`dC^rEfI]
n. (按作曲家、演奏家或演唱家分类之) 音乐唱片分类录
a descriptive list of phonograph records by category,
composer, performer, or date of
release
list:discography=tool:hoe
目录:音乐唱片分类目录=工具:锄头（种属关系）
discombobulate [9dIskEm`bCbjJleIt] v. 扰乱，使困惑陷入混乱的状态
discombobulated:order=erratic:consistency
困惑陷入混乱的:秩序=无规律的缺乏连续性:连续（缺乏关系）
discombobulate<>compose
扰乱<>调解
Synonyms: DISCOMPOSE, agitate,
bother, disquiet, disturb, flurry, fluster, perturb, unhinge, upset
Sample:The noise discombobulates him so that he
can't think.
discomfit [dIs5kQmfit] v. 使窘迫；使困惑；使惊慌
to put into a state of perplexity and
embarrassment:DISCONCERT
discomfit:blush=contemptuous:sneer
使窘迫:因害羞,激动,窘困等脸红=鄙视的:讥笑显示出一种鄙视（动作体现情感）
discomfit<>mollify
挠乱<>平息
Sample:The king was discomfitted by the loss of
the battle.
discommode [dIskE5mEJd] v.
使不便；打扰；给…添麻烦
to cause inconvenience to:TROUBLE
discommode<>assist
使不便<>帮助, 辅助
discommode<>convenience/pacificate/ease/mollify
使不便, 打扰, 给…添麻烦<>方便/安抚/减少困难或麻烦/安抚
discommode<>oblige
使为难<>施恩惠
discommode<>inspire
使烦恼<>鼓舞
discompose [dIskEm5pEJz]
vt. 使不安,使烦乱,使烦恼
to destroy the composure of
discompose:pacific=fabricate:authentic
使不安:平息的=编造, 捏造:真实的（动词与形容词的反义关系）
discompose:placid=fabricate:ingenuous
使不安:平息的=编造, 捏造:坦白的（动词与形容词的反义关系）
discompose:pacific=engage:tedious
使不安:平静=使忙碌:单调 （行为及其消除对像）
discompose<>pacificate
使不安<>使镇静
Synonyms: agitate, bother, discombobulate, dismay, disquiet, disturb,
flurry, fluster, perturb, unhinge, unsettle, untune, upset
Sample:The novice square dancer became so discomposed
that he wandered into wrong set.
disconcert [dIskEn5s\:t] vt. 使困惑,使仓皇失措,破坏
to throw into confusion
disconcert<>placate
使仓皇失措<>安抚
Synonyms: EMBARRASS, abash, confound, confuse, discomfit, discountenance, faze, rattle
Sample:I was disconcerted by the sight of a
strange man at my door.
discord [5dIskC:d]
n. 不调和,不和
lack of agreement or harmony (as between persons,
things, or ideas)
discordant:sound=anachronistic:time
声音不和谐的:声音=时代错误的:时代（形容词及其修饰的名词）
harmony<>discord
和谐的<>声音不和谐的
Synonyms: conflict, contention,
difference, disaccord, disharmony, dispeace, dissension, dissent, dissidence,
dissonance, disunion, disunity, division, inharmony, mischief, strife, unpeace,
variance
Sample:The children trying out musical
instruments produced a terrible discord.
discourse [5dIskC:s] n.演讲;论文
formal and orderly and usually extended expression of
thought on a subject
lullaby:song=diatribe:discourse
摇篮曲:歌曲=谩骂:对话（种属关系）
Synonyms: SPEECH, speaking, talk, utterance, verbalization
Sample:College students become familiar with
academic discourse.
discredit [dIs5kredIt] v.败坏…的名声；诽谤，使羞辱
to deprive of good repute:DISGRACE
exhortation:motivate=invective:discredit
劝诫性的讲话:推动=辱骂:诽谤，使羞辱（行为及其目的）
discreditment:reputation=injure:well-being
丢脸:名誉=损害:健康（动宾关系）
panegyric:praise=aspersion:discredit
赞扬:表扬=诽谤:使丧失信誉 （行为及其目的）
rationalization:explain=aspersion:discredit
推理:解释=诽谤:侮辱（行为及结果）
Synonyms: blow
up, disprove, explode, puncture, shoot
Sample:Scientists have discredited many popular
beliefs, like the belief the world was flat.
discrepancy [dI5skrepEnsI] n. 不同，矛盾
Divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims;
difference.
discrepancy<>converge
矛盾<>汇聚的行为
consonant<>discrepant
调和<>不一致的
discrepancy<>concord
分散<>和睦
Synonyms: DISSIMILARITY, alterity, difference, dissemblance,
dissimilitude, distinction, divergence, divergency, otherness, unlikeness
Sample:Calculations of the density of alloys
based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well
with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys
consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid，such as alloys of palladium and silicon，or alloys consisting of iron，phosphorus，and
carbon，although small discrepancies remained.
discrete [dI5skri:t]
adj. 分离的, 不连续的, 离散的
infinite:exhaust=discrete:overlap
无穷无尽的:彻底耗尽=离散的,分离的:与…部分相同（形容词与动词的反义关系）
Synonyms: DISTINCT, different,
diverse, separate, several, various
Sample:That company is a discrete entity from the
others, which are all owned by the parent company.
discretion [dI5skreF(E)n] n. 慎重,辨别力,考虑,处理权
the quality of being discreet:CIRCUMSPECTION; especially :cautious reserve in speech
frivolous
frivolous:gravity=brash:discretion
无关紧要的:严重或重大=轻率的;鲁莽的:慎重周到（形容词与名词的反义关系）
foolish:discretion=impecunious:money
不明智的:决定能力;明智=没钱的:钱（缺乏关系）
overdose:prescription=indiscretion:convention
过量用药:药方=轻率之举:规矩，习俗（违反关系）
Synonyms: PRUDENCE, canniness,
caution, discreetness, foresight, forethought, precaution, providence
Sample:Lawyers and doctors must act with
discretion and not speak about their clients.
discretionary [dIs`kreFEnErI]
adj.随意的,自由裁量的
left to discretion:exercised at one's own
discretion
discretionary<>obligatory
自由决定的<>强制性的
discretionary<>mandatory
自由决定的<>强制的
discretionary<>preordain
自由决定的<>预定的
Synonyms: OPTIONAL, elective, facultative, nonobligatory
Sample:A discretionary account is one where the
owner allows a stockbroker to make and act on decisions to trade.
discriminate [dI5skrImIneIt]
vt.vi. 区别,差别待遇
to mark or perceive the distinguishing or
peculiar features of
epicure:discriminating=spectator:watching
讲究饮食的人:鉴赏力=目击者: 观察（人物及其正面特征）
liken:similarity=discriminate:difference
显示相似的:相似之处=看出区别:不同（动宾关系）
sentinel:watchful=epicure:discriminating
哨兵:警惕的=讲究饮食的人:有识别力的（人物及其正面特征）
hilarious:laughter=contemptible:distain
欢闹的:笑=可鄙的:贬损 （行为及其所表达的含义）
equitable<>discriminatory/unfair
公平的<>差别对待的/不公平的
Synonyms: KNOW, difference, differentiate, discern, discrepate,
distinguish, extricate, separate, sever, severalize
Sample:This doctrine has broadened the
application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other，nonracial forms of discrimination，for while some justices have refused to find，any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally
disfavored，most have been receptive to arguments that
at least some nonracial discriminations. sexual Discrimination in particular，are "suspect" and deserve this heightened
scrutiny by the courts.
discursive [dI5sk\:sIv]
adj. 散漫的，无层次的
moving from topic to topic without
order:RAMBLING
discursive<>keen on title
主题不明的<>关注题目的
discursive<>succinct
东拉西扯的<>简明扼要的
discursive<>concentrate
东拉西扯的<>集中
Sample:Her writing is discursive but thorough.
disdain [dIs5deIn]
v. 轻视、鄙视
a feeling of contempt for what is beneath one:SCORN
snub:disdain=double-cross:disloyalty
冷落怠慢:鄙视、鄙弃=背弃, 叛变:不忠诚（动作体现情感）
adulation<>disdain
谄媚<>轻视
Synonyms: DESPITE, contempt,
despisal, despisement, disparagement, scorn
Sample:Some artists immodestly idealize or
exaggerate the significance of their work; yet others, disdaining to exalt the
role of the artist, reject a transcendent view of art
disembody [dIsIm5bRdI]
v. 使脱离实体；使脱离现实
disembodied<>corporeal
无实体的<>物质的
Sample:Many people believe that at the moment of
death, a person's soul becomes disembodied.
disengage [dIsIn5^eIdV]
vt. 使自由,解放,解开
to release from something that engages or
involves
disengage<>mesh
解开<>啮合 【注:mesh:to cause
(as gears) to engage】
Synonyms: DETACH, abstract,
disassociate, disconnect, dissociate, uncouple, unfix
Sample:Be sure to disengage the gears when you
park the car.
disentangle [dIsIn5tAN^(E)l] v. 解决，解脱，解开澄清
disentangle:snarl=??
解开澄清:缠结（动词的反义关系）
Synonyms: EXTRICATE, discumber,
disembroil, disencumber, unentangle, unscramble, untangle, untie, untwine
Sample:The bookkeeper disentangled the records
and cleared up mistakes.
disgorge [dIs5^C:dV] v. 呕出，（水）流走
to discharge by the throat and mouth:VOMIT
vomit:disgorge=??
呕吐:吐出=??
disgorge<>swallow
吐出；呕出<>吞下，咽下
disgorge/excrete<>ingest
吐出；呕出<>咽下
Synonyms: ERUPT, belch, eject, eruct, expel,
irrupt, spew
Sample:A mother bird disgorged food for her
young.
disgruntle [dIs`^rQntl]
vt. 使不高兴
to make ill-humored or discontented ， usually used as a
participial adjective
disgruntle<>refresh
使不满意,使不高兴<>给…以新的活力或精神
disgruntled<>contented
使不满意<>满足的
Synonyms: DISCONTENTED,
discontent, dissatisfied, malcontent, malcontented, uncontent, uncontented,
ungratified
Sample:He is disgruntled about not receiving an
increase in pay.
disguise [dIs5^aIz]
vi.隐瞒，掩埋 n.假装
to furnish with a false appearance or an
assumed identity
padding:damage=disguise:recognition
垫料:损害,破坏=假扮,化妆:认出（防止关系）
Synonyms: camouflage, cloak,
dissemble, dissimulate, dress up, mask
Sample:She disguised her evil intentions by
pretending to be friendly.
disgust [dIs5^Qst] n. 厌恶,嫌恶
marked aversion aroused by something highly
distasteful:REPUGNANCE
blatant:arresting=odious:disgusting
炫耀的:醒目的=可憎的:讨厌的（同义关系）
odious:disgust=menacing:fear
可憎的,令人作呕的:引起恶心或反感=威胁的, 险恶的:害怕（形容词与动词的同义关系）
scowl:displeasure=kiss:affection{
hurl:disgust}
皱眉:不满=亲吻:慈爱 {感情激烈地说出:厌恶（动作体现情感）
entrancing<>disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bored
迷人的, 使人神魂颠倒的<>失望的;受挫的/令人作呕的/厌恶的/厌恶的/无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的
Synonyms:
nauseate, reluct, repel,
repulse, revolt, sicken
Sample:For many young people during the Roaring
Twenties, a disgust with the excesses of American culture combined with a
wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad.
dishevel [dI`FevEl] vt. 使蓬乱,使头发凌乱
to throw into disorder or disarray
Sample:After falling down, he was all disheveled.
disinclination [9dIsInklI`neIFEn] n. 不起劲,不感兴趣,厌恶
a preference for avoiding something:slight
aversion
aversion:disinclination=adulation:admiration
强烈的厌恶:厌恶=谄媚:赞美（抽象名词的程度比较）
aversion:inclination=??
强烈的厌恶:爱好去做=??（反义关系）
disinclination:bent=??
厌恶:爱好 （反义关系）
leaning<>disinclination
爱好<>厌恶
loquacity<>disinclination to speak
多舌<>不愿说话
proclivity<>disinclination
倾向<>厌恶
Synonyms: DISLIKE, aversion, bad
books, disfavor, disliking, displeasure, disrelish, dissatisfaction, distaste,
indisposition
Sample:She is disinclined to accept the job offer
because the pay is too low.
disinfect [dIsIn5fekt] vt. 消毒
to free from infection especially by destroying harmful
microorganisms
oil:lubricate=antiseptic:disinfect
石油衍生物:润滑::抗菌剂:杀菌（物及其功用）
aseptic:disinfection=anesthetic:numbness
防腐剂:消毒=麻醉剂:麻木（（物及其功用）
Sample:He disinfected the bathroom with a germicide.
disinterested [dIs5IntrIstId]
adj. 无私欲的,廉洁的,公平的
free from selfish motive or interest:UNBIASED
factional<>disinterested
派系的<>无偏见的
iniquity<>disinterestedness
极不公正<>无偏见
Synonyms: INDIFFERENT, aloof,
casual, detached, incurious, remote, unconcerned, uncurious, uninterested,
withdrawn
Sample:Whereas biologists must maintain a
disinterested attitude toward the subjects of their research, social scientists
must, paradoxically, combine personal involvement and scholarly detachment.
disjunctive [dIs5dVQNktIv] adj. 可分的,分离的,分隔的
marked by breaks or disunity
nominal:significance=disjunctive:unity
有名无实的:重要性=分离的:统一（形容词语名词的反义关系）
Sample:A disjunction in computer logic caused the
problem.
dismantle [dIs5mAnt(E)l]
vt. 拆除...的设备,分解,去除覆盖物
to take to pieces;
also :to destroy the integrity or functioning of
dismantle:unity=adulterate:pristine
拆除:整体=掺假:纯净 (行为及其消除对象)
Synonyms: STRIP, bankrupt, bare,
denudate, denude, deprive, disrobe, divest
Sample:A mechanic dismantled the engine to replace
one part.
disparage [dI5spArIdV] v. 贬抑，轻蔑
to depreciate by indirect means (as invidious
comparison):speak slightingly
about
scorn:reject=adulate:flatter=disparage:ignore
轻蔑:拒绝=谄媚:奉承=轻视,贬低:忽视, 不顾 （动作体现情感）
aggrandize<>disparage
提高地位和名望<>贬低
champion<>disparage
拥护<>贬低
extol<>disparage
高度赞扬<>贬低
kudos<>disparage
荣誉<>蔑视
adulate<>disparage
奉承<>贬损
revere<>disparage
尊敬<>贬损
Synonyms: DECRY, abuse, belittle,
depreciate, derogate, detract (from), dispraise, downcry, minimize, write off
Sample:A number of writers who once greatly
disparaged the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting approbation
for their former criticism.
disparate [5dIspErEt]
adj. 迥然不同的，不可并论的
containing or made up of fundamentally different and
often incongruous elements
disparate<>like/alike
不同的<>相似的
disparate<>analogous
不同的<>类似的
disparate<>similar
不同的<>相似的
Synonyms: DIFFERENT, dissimilar,
distant, divergent, diverse, unalike, unequal, unlike, unsimilar, various
Sample:Anthropologists and others are on much
firmer ground when they attempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or
village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the norms
that exist in a complex modern nation state composed of many disparate groups.
dispassionate [dI5spAF(E)nEt]
adj.冷静的, 不带感情的, 平心静气的
not influenced by strong feeling; especially :not affected by personal or
emotional involvement
dispassionate:biased=??
不带感情的:偏袒的=??
dispassionate<>responsive
不动感情的<>反应迅速的 【对应不工整】
dispassionate<>partial
不动感情的<>偏袒的
fervent<>dispassionate
激动的<>平静的
Synonyms: NEUTRAL, abstract, colorless, detached, disinterested,
impersonal, poker-faced, unpassioned
Sample:The judge takes a dispassionate attitude
toward matters before her.
dispatch [dI5spAtF]
v. 派遣，一下做完、吃完 n. 迅速
promptness and
efficiency in performance or transmission
dispatch<>leisureliness
迅速<>悠然, 从容
Sample:He performs his duties with dispatch by
quickly doing what his boss asks.
disposal [dI5spEJz(E)l]
n. 处理,排列,支配,布置，废料
systematic destruction; especially :destruction or transformation of garbage
recycle:disposal=rehabilitate:demolition
重复利用:除掉;清除;销毁=修复:摧毁破坏（动词与名词的反义关系）
Synonyms: discarding, disposition,
dumping, jettison, junking, relegation, riddance, scrapping, throwing away
Sample:I was at her disposal whenever she needed
my advice.
disquiet [dIs5kwaIEt]
n./v. 担心，焦虑
to take away the peace
or tranquillity of:DISTURB, ALARM
disquiet<>put
at ease
使不安<>使安心
Synonyms: DISCOMPOSE, agitate,
bother, disturb, flurry, fluster, perturb, unhinge, untune, upset
Sample:City life disquieted the poet, so she
returned to the countryside.
disregard [dIsrI5^B:d]
v.不理会,忽略,漠视，不适当的尊重或漫不经心地对待
redoubtable:regard/awe=despicable:scorn/contempt/disregard
值得尊敬的:尊敬/敬畏=可鄙的:鄙斥/鄙视/漠视（形容词与动词的同义关系）
flout:disregard=taunt:challenge
蔑视;轻蔑:不理会=嘲弄;讥笑;辱骂::公然挑战;公然反抗（动作体现情感）
disregard<>nurture
忽略,漠视<>培育,教育
Synonyms: NEGLECT, blink (at or away), discount, fail, forget, ignore,
omit, overlook, overpass, slight
Sample:Please disregard my last letter, as I now
have new information for you.
disrupt [dIs5rQpt] vt. 使分裂,使瓦解
to throw into disorder
saboteur:disrupt=apologist:defend
蓄意破坏者:打断,妨碍=辩解者:支持或维护（人与其动作特点）
Synonyms: DISORDER, disarray,
discompose, disorganize, disturb, mess (up), muddle, rummage, unsettle, upset
Sample:Although providing wild chimpanzees with
food makes them less shy and easier to study, it is also known to disrupt their
normal social patterns.
dissect [dI5sekt]
vt.vi. 解剖,切细
to analyze and interpret
minutely
specimen:dissect=sentence:parse
样本:详细分析,仔细剖析=句子:语法分析（分析关系）
Synonyms: SEPARATE, break up, dichotomize,
disjoin, disjoint, dissever, divide, part, sever, sunder
Sample:The biology student dissected a frog in
the laboratory.
dissemble [dI5semb(E)l]
v. 隐藏、掩饰（感受，意图）
to put on a false appearance:conceal facts, intentions,
or feelings under some pretense
dissemble:honesty=snub:politeness
掩饰, 假装:诚实=冷落怠慢:礼貌（缺乏关系）
dissemble:information=masquerade:feeling
掩盖, 隐藏:信息事实=伪装:感情（掩饰关系）
ingenuous:dissemble=raffish:preen=polite:snub
率直的,坦白的:假装=俗艳的:精心打扮=有礼貌的:冷落怠慢（形容词与动词的反义关系）
Synonyms: DISGUISE, camouflage,
cloak, dissimulate, dress up, mask
Sample:He dissembled about his past employment
history.
disseminate [dI5semIneIt] vt. 散播,传播,宣传
to spread abroad as though sowing seed
disseminate:information=foment:discontentment
散播,传播:信息=激励, 激起:不满足;不满意（动词及其作用对象）
disseminate<>garner
散播<>收藏，储藏
nucleate<>disseminate
聚集<>散布
Synonyms: SPREAD, circulate, diffuse,
disperse, distribute, propagate, radiate, strew
Sample:Those who fear the influence of television
deliberately underplay its persuasive power, hoping that they might keep
knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.
(9504)
dissension n. 意见不合,纠纷,倾轧
DISAGREEMENT; especially:partisan and contentious
quarreling
concord<>dissension
和约, 和谐<>倾轧
Synonyms: DISCORD, conflict,
contention, difference, disaccord, dissent, dissidence, disunity, strife,
variance
Sample:There was a great deal of noisy dissension
among the arguing committee members.
dissent [dI5sent]
vi. 持异议,不同意
to withhold assent
dissenter:orthodox=maverick:group
不服从国教者:正统的=独来独往者:为群体中一员的（人物及其反面特征）
dissent<>conform
不同意<>使顺从
Synonyms: DIFFER, disaccord, disagree, discord, divide, vary
Sample:Unenlightened authoritarian manage rarely
recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among members
of democratically run work groups:a modicum of tolerance for dissent often
prevents schism.
dissertation [dIsE5teIF(E)n] n. 论文
an extended usually written treatment of a subject; specifically :one submitted for a doctorate
Synonyms: DISCOURSE, disquisition,
memoir, monograph, monography, thesis, tractate, treatise
Sample:After years of writing it, her doctoral
dissertation was accepted and she received her Ph.D.
dissipate [5dIsIpeIt] vt. 散失,驱散,浪费
husbandry:dissipate=alacrity:procrastinate
节约:浪费=敏捷,轻快;迅速:推迟（反义关系）
dissipation:temperateness=fecundity:sterility
放荡,浪荡:自我节制=多产:不肥沃, 不毛（反义关系）
accumulation<>dissipation
聚集,积累<>驱散, 浪费
dissipate<>accumulate
驱散, 浪费<>聚集,积累
dissipate<>gather
积聚<>浪费
amass<>dissipate
积聚<>浪费
Synonyms: WASTE, blow, blunder (away), consume, fool (away), fritter,
frivol away, squander, throw away, trifle (away)
Sample:Ever prey to vagrant impulses that
impelled him to squander his talents on a host of unworthy projects, his very
dissipation nonetheless enhanced his reputation, for the sheer energy of his
extravagance dazzled observers.
dissociate [dI5sEJFIeIt]
vt.vi. 分离,游离,分裂
to separate from association or union with
another
affiliation<>dissociation
紧密联合<>分离
Synonyms: DETACH, abstract, disassociate, disconnect, disengage,
uncouple, unfix
Sample:The candidate tried to dissociate himself
in the minds of the voters from the past failures of his party.
dissolute [5dIsElu:t]
adj．放荡的，无节制的
lacking restraint;
especially :marked by indulgence in things
libertine:dissolute=sycophant:obsequious
放荡不羁的人:放荡的=拍马者,谄媚者:奉承的, 顺从的（人极其所具有的性格特征）
ludicrous:buffoon=dissolute:libertine=humorous:wag
可笑的:扮演丑角和开玩笑的人=放纵的,生活放荡的:放荡不羁的人=幽默的,风趣的:爱说笑打趣的人（人极其所具有的性格特征）
voluble:speech=licentious:dissoluteness
健谈的,流利的:说话;谈话=放荡的:放纵 【speech 可能为误记】
Synonyms: ABANDONED, licentious,
profligate, reprobate, self-abandoned, unprincipled
Sample:He is dissolute; he cheats on his taxes
every year.
dissolve [dI5zRlv] vt.vi. 溶解,解散
to cause to pass into
solution
to
separate into component parts:DISINTEGRATE
clot:dissolved=crowd:dispersed
凝结:溶解的=挤, 挤满:分散的, 散开的（动词与形容词的反义关系）
coagulant:thicken=solvent:dissolve
凝结剂:使变得浓些=溶剂:溶解（物及其功用）
bend:rigid=submerge:buoyant=dissolve:insoluble
使弯曲:具刚性的不可弯曲的=浸没，淹没:有浮力的=溶解:不溶的（动词与形容词的反义关系）
caustic:burn=solvent:dissolve
过化学反应可被灼烧的:灼烧=可溶解的:溶解 （因果关系）
solvent:dissolve=coagulant:clot
溶剂:溶解=凝结剂:凝结 (物品及其作用)
consolidate<>dissolve
使联合<>解散
coagulant<>liquefy/dissolve
凝结剂<>溶解
【注:词性不符】
Sample:The powder dissolved in water.
dissonance [5dIsEnEns] n．不和谐（的音调）
lack of agreement;
especially :inconsistency between the beliefs one
holds or between
one's actions and one's beliefs
dissonance<>concord
不和谐（的音调）<>和谐
Synonyms: DISCORD, conflict,
contention, difference, disaccord, disharmony, dissension, dissidence, strife,
variance
Sample:They ended their marriage because of the
dissonance in their relationship.
dissuade [dI5sweId]
vt. 劝阻
to advise (a person) against something
remonstrance:dissuade=reprehension:censure
抗议:劝阻=斥责:指责（同义关系）
remonstrator:dissuade=applicant:appeal
忠告者:劝阻=申请人,请求者:恳求,请求（人极其动作特点）
inexorable:dissuasion=indomitable:conquest
无动于衷的:劝阻=不屈不挠的,不可征服的（人物特征及其反面被动行为）
protest:dissuade=supplicate:entreaty
提出异议反对:劝阻=恳求:请求（同义关系）
resolute:dissuade=obstreperous:control
坚决的:劝阻=任性的:控制（人物特征及其反面被动行为）
dissuade<>abet
劝阻<>怂恿并帮助
dissuade<>enhance
劝阻<>促进
Synonyms:
deter, disadvise,
discourage, divert
Sample:My father dissuaded me from taking a job in another
city.
distention [dIs`tenFEn] n.
膨胀
the act of distending or the state of being distended
especially unduly or abnormally
distention<>compression
膨胀<>压缩
distillation [dIstI5leIF(E)n]
n. 蒸馏
the process of
purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation
synopsis:conciseness=distillate:purity
大纲，概要:简明，简洁=蒸馏液；馏出物:纯度
(物极其特点)
distill:purity=leaven:volume
蒸馏；精炼:纯度=使膨胀:体积（动作及其目的）
liquefy:fluid=distill:pure
使液化:流动的=蒸馏:纯净的 （加工方式及其结果）
Sample:Vodka is a distillate of wheat, corn, or
potatoes.
distinction [dI5stINkF(E)n]
n. 区别
the quality or
state of being distinguishable
nuance:distinction=hint:suggestion
细微差别:不同点=概略地给予建议:建议（程度类比）
nicety:distinction=spoof:parody
细微差别:差别=轻浮得改编:拙劣得模仿 （种属关系）
nebulous<>distinct
模糊不清的<>明显的，清楚的
repute<>lack
of distinction
声望<>没有名望
eclipse<>make distinctive
使黯然失色<>使与众不同
distinct<>undifferential
明显的 <> 难区别的
indistinct<>easily visible
不明显的<>容易分辨的
Synonyms: DISSIMILARITY, alterity,
difference, discrepancy, dissemblance, dissimilitude, divergence, divergency,
otherness, unlikeness
Sample:The necessity of establishing discrete
categories for observations frequently leads to attempts to make absolute
distinctions. when there are in reality only gradations.
distinguished [dI5stIN^wIFt]adj. 卓著的,著名的
marked by
eminence, distinction, or excellence
nicety:indistinguishable=??
细微的区别:难区分的=??
eminent<>undistinguished
杰出的<>平凡的，普通的
Synonyms: FAMOUS, celebrated,
celebrious, eminent, famed, great, illustrious, notable, prominent, renowned
Sample:She is a distinguished novelist.
distort [dI5stC:t] vt. 扭曲,歪曲
to twist
out of the true meaning or proportion
brevity:aphorism=distortion:caricature
简短:箴言=歪曲:滑稽模仿（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: MISREPRESENT, belie,
color, falsify, garble, miscolor, misstate, pervert, twist, warp
Sample:Literature is inevitably a distorting rather
than a neutral medium for the simple reason that writers interpose their own vision
between the reader and reality.
distract [dI5strAkt] vt. 转移,分心,使发狂
to draw or direct (as one's attention) to a different
object or in different
directions
at the same time
intrepid:deter=rapt:distract
无畏的:威吓=全心投入的:分心 （形容词与动词的反义关系）
rapt<>distracted
全心投入的<>分心的
Synonyms: CONFUSE, addle, ball up, befuddle, bewilder, fluster, fuddle,
mix up, throw off
Sample:To list Reilly's achievements in a
fragmentary way is misleading, for it distracts our attention from the
integrating themes of her work.
distraught [dI5strC:t] adj. 心神狂乱的 , 极其烦恼的
agitated with doubt or mental conflict
troubled:distraught=covetous:rapacious
困惑的; 骚乱的, 不安的:极其烦恼的=渴望的:贪婪的（程度类比）
distraught<>composed
心神狂乱的<>镇静的;冷静的
Synonyms: distracted, distrait,
distressed, harassed, tormented, troubled, worried
Sample:The distraught parents frantically searched
the ravine for their lost child.
distress [dI5stres] n.精神紧张v. 使忧虑；使痛苦
abate:tax=alleviate:distress
减少，降低:税=减轻:精神紧张（动宾关系）
agonized:distress=obsessed:concern
极度痛苦的:使忧虑；使痛苦=被困扰的:使担忧引起焦躁或不安 （形容词与动词的同义关系）
Synonyms: aggrieve, constrain,
grieve, hurt, injure, pain
Sample:I am afraid you will have to alter your
roseate views in the light of the distressing news that has just arrived.
district [5dIstrIkt] n.区域, 地方, 管区, 行政区, (美国各州的)众议院选区
gerrymander:district=rig:contest
不公正划分选区:地区，行政区=（用欺骗手段）操纵:竞争（动宾关系）
Synonyms: LOCALITY, area, neighborhood, vicinage, vicinity
Sample:Because of the prisoner's record, the
district attorney refused to reduce the charge from grand larceny to petit
larceny.
ditch
[dItF] n.沟, 沟渠, 壕沟
a
long narrow excavation dug in the earth
ditch:canyon=burrow:cavern
沟:峡谷=地洞:大洞（程度类比）
Synonyms: TRENCH, cut
Sample:I fell into the ditch that runs by the
side of the road.
ditty [5dItI] n. 小调,小曲
an
especially simple and unaffected song
fable:tale=ditty:song
寓言（一种通常短小的故事）:故事=小曲:歌曲（种属关系）
Sample:We sang little ditties last night.
diurnal [daI5\:n(E)l] adj. 白昼的，白天的
of,
relating to, or occurring in the daytime
diurnal<>nocturnal
白昼的，白天的<>晚上的，夜晚的
Synonyms: DAILY, quotidian
Sample:A farmer cannot neglect his diurnal tasks at
any time; cows, for example, must be milked regularly.
diverge [daI5v\:dV]
vi. 分歧,岔开
to move or extend in different directions from a common
point:draw apart
ad-lib:impromptu=aside:divergent
即兴演讲，即兴发言:即兴的=离题话；插入语:偏离的（事物及其正面特征）
diverge:apart=traverse:across
分岔:分开地=横越:交叉（动词和副词的同义关系）
confluence<>divergence
汇合<>分歧
Synonyms: DIGRESS, depart,
divagate, excurse, ramble, stray, wander
Sample:Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent
inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and
from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
diver [daIvE(r)]
n.潜水员,水下工作者
cavern:spelunker=ocean:diver
大型地下洞穴:作为爱好而探索及研究洞穴的人=海洋:潜水员（人与其工作地点）
Sample:He is a deep-sea diver (or) skydiver.
divert [daI5v\:t]
vt.使转向 vi.转移
to
turn from one course or use to another:DEFLECT
divert:shunt=retard:brake
使转向:使车转向=减速:刹车（行为及其交通上的行为）
Synonyms: TURN, avert, deflect,
pivot, sheer, veer, volte-face, wheel, whip, whirl
Sample:A loud noise diverted everyone's attention
from their work..
divestiture [daI`vestItFE(r)]
n. 剥夺，脱衣
the
act of divesting
divestiture<>acquisition
剥夺<>获得
Synonyms: PRIVATION, deprivation, deprivement, dispossession, loss
Sample:They advised the divestiture of
real-estate holdings.
divulge [daI5vQldV]
vt.泄漏(秘密等);宣布,公布
to
make known (as a confidence or secret)
divulge<>keep
secret
泄漏(秘密等)<>保密
Synonyms: REVEAL, betray, blab
(out), disclose, discover, give away, mouth, spill, tell, unclose
Sample:I will not tell you this news because I am
sure you will divulge it prematurely.
doctrine [5dRktrIn]
n.教义，主义；学说
a principle or position or the body of principles in a
branch of knowledge or system of
belief:DOGMA
doctrine:heretical=course:errant
教义,学说:异端学说的=道路，路线:偏离正道的（偏离关系）
doctrine:heterodoxy=spontaneous:studied
{adaptability:stable}
教义:非正统的异端=自发:后天习得 （反义关系）
Synonyms:
canon, dogma, tenet
Sample:While the new doctrine seems almost certainly
correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be
unearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid
tetralogy which bested Sophocles，and throwing the date once more into utter
confusion.
dodder [5dRdE(r)] vi. 摇摆,蹒跚
to progress feebly and unsteadily
dodder:unsteady=cavort:sprightly
摇摆,蹒跚:颤动的;不平稳的=跳跃；蹦跳:活泼的（行为及其正面特征）
Sample:Although he is not as yet a doddering and
senile old man, his ideas and opinions no longer can merit the respect we gave
them years ago.
doff [dC:f] vt. 脱,丢弃,废除
to remove (an article of wear) from the
body
doff<>don
脱下<>披上, 穿上, 戴上
dogged [dC:^Id] adj. 顽固的,顽强的
marked by stubborn determination
dogged<>yielded
顽固的,顽强的<>放弃，屈服
dogged<>easily discouraged
顽固的,顽强的<>容易气馁的
Synonyms: INFLEXIBLE, adamant,
brassbound, inexorable, obdurate, relentless, rigid, single-minded, steadfast,
unbending
Sample:Les Miserables tells of Inspector Javert's
long, dogged pursuit of the criminal Jean Valjean.
doggerel [dC:^ErEl]
adj. 歪诗的n.打油诗
loosely styled and irregular in measure especially for
burlesque or comic effect; also:marked by triviality or inferiority
doggerel:verse=burlesque:play
打油诗:诗=讽刺作品，滑稽戏剧:戏剧（种属关系）
doggerel:poem=sketch:draw
打油诗:诗=草图:图 （种属关系）
doggerel:verse=potboiler:article
歪诗:诗=粗制的作品:艺术品 （种属关系）
Sample:Although we find occasional snatches of
genuine poetry in her work, most of her writing is mere doggerel.
doggo [dC:^EJ]
adv. ((俚)) (一动不动地) 隐藏着
in hiding
doggo:instability=??
静静躲藏着地, 一动也不动地:不稳定或不可靠的性质或状态=??（前不具有后的状态）
Sample:The man doffed his hat to the woman.
dogma [dC:^mE]
n. 教条
something
held as an established opinion;especially:a definite
authoritative
tenet
dogma<>heresy
教义，教条<>异端学说
Synonyms: DOCTRINE,
canon, tenet
doldrums [5dRldrEmz] n. （海洋上的）无风带，情绪低沉
state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or
slump
doldrums:energy=depravity:virtue
忧郁期没精打采的日子:精力=堕落道德败坏:美德，德行（缺乏关系）
Synonyms:
TEDIUM, boredom, ennui,
yawn
dolorous [5dEJlErEs] adj. 悲哀的，忧愁的
causing, marked by, or expressing misery or
grief
dolorous<>jubilant/happy/jovial
悲哀的，忧愁的<>欢腾的，欢欣的，喜气洋洋的/高兴的
Synonyms: DEPLORABLE, afflictive, calamitous, dire, distressing,
grievous, heartbreaking, lamentable, regrettable, woeful
Sample:He found the dolorous lamentations of the bereaved family emotionally disturbing and he left as quickly as he could.
dolt [dEJlt]
n. 呆子,笨蛋,傻瓜
a stupid person
wag:humorous=dolt:stupid
小丑:滑稽的=傻瓜:愚蠢的(人物及其正面特征)
Synonyms: DUNCE, boob, booby, chump, dolthead, oaf
Sample:I thought I was talking to a mature audience;
instead, I find myself addressing a pack of dolts.
domicile [5dRmIsaIl] n.住所, 住宅
a dwelling place:place of residence:HOME
nomad:domicile=freelancer:employer
游牧民:住所=自由作家:老板 （缺乏关系）
Synonyms: HABITATION, abode, commorancy, dwelling, home, house, residence, residency
Sample:Althoughhis legal domicile was in New York City, his work kept him away
from his residence for many years.
domination [dRmI5neIF(E)n] n. 支配,控制,管辖
supremacy or
preeminence over another
gullible:chicanery=servile:domination
易受骗的:欺骗=卑屈的:支配(人物个性及其正面被动行为)
impervious:damaged=indomitable:subdued
不受影响的:被损坏的=不屈服的:屈服的（两个形容词的反义关系）
inexorable:dissuasion=indomitable:conquest
不屈不挠的:劝阻=不屈服的:征服 (违背关系)
indomitable:control=exacting:satisfy
不屈的:控制=苛求的:使到满足
（人物个性及其反面特征）
indominatable<>easly
subdued
不屈的<>容易屈服的
Synonyms:
SUPREMACY, ascendancy, dominance, dominion, masterdom, preeminence,
preponderancy, prepotence, prepotency, sovereignty
Sample:The legendary Colossus of Rhodes, bronze
statue of the sun god that dominated the harbor of the Greek seaport, was one
of the Seven Wonders of the World.
don [dRn] vt. 穿上
to put on (an
article of clothing)
doff<>don
脱<>穿
Synonyms:
assume, draw on, get on, huddle (on), put on, slip (on), throw
Sample:When Clark Kent had to don his Superman outfit,
he changed clothes in a convenient phone booth.
donor [5dEJnE(r)] n. 捐赠人
one that gives,
donates, or presents something
legacy:predecessor=gift:donor
祖先传下来之物:先辈=礼物:捐赠人(人及其给与的物品)
Synonyms: bestower , conferror ,donator ,presenter
Sample:Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but
they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent
transplants of other organs，such as skin，from that donor are accepted
permanently.
doodle [5du:d(E)l] n. v. 乱写，乱画
an
aimless or casual scribble, design, or sketch
draw:doodle=travel:ramble
画:乱画=旅行:漫步(正常与散漫)
walk:amble=draw:doodle
步行:溜达=画:乱画 （正常与非正常）
Synonyms: FIDDLE , mess, mess around, potter,
puddle, putter, tinker
Sample:Her school notebook is covered with
doodles that look like flowers.
dour [dJE(r)] adj. 不爱讲话的,沉沉的,严厉的
STERN, HARSH
dour:geniality=bumptious:humbleness
严厉的:温和=傲慢的:谦逊（形容词和名词的反义关系）
dour<>congenial/genial
严厉的<>温和的
dour<>jocund
阴郁的<>欢乐的
Synonyms:
SULLEN, crabbed, gloomy, glum, morose, saturnine, sulky, surly, ugly
Sample:A man with a dour look on his face lives
alone in that house.
downpour [5daJnpC:(r)] n. 暴雨
a pouring or
streaming downward; especially:a
heavy rain
downpour:flooding=wind:erosion
暴雨:泛滥=风:侵蚀(因果关系)
wind:erosion=downpour:flooding
风:侵蚀=暴雨:泛滥(因果关系)
Sample:We were caught in a downpour and ran for
cover under a tree.
doyen [5dCIEn] n. 老资格,首席
a:the senior member
of a body or group
b:a person considered to be
knowledgeable or uniquely skilled as a result of long experience in some field
of endeavor
eccentric:conventional=doyen:uninitiated
行为古怪的人:习惯的=老前辈:初学的（人物及其反面特征）
Synonyms:
EXPERT, artist, authority, master, master-hand, maven, passed master,
proficient, virtuoso
Sample:She is the doyenne of Washington society.
doze [dEJz] vi.瞌睡, 假寐
to
fall into a light sleep
doze:sleep=nudge:prod
瞌睡:睡觉=轻推:推动 （程度类比）
Sample:Its hunger sated, the lion dozed.
draconian [drE5kEJnIEn] adj. 严峻的，苛刻的
CRUEL; also:SEVERE
palmy:prosperity=draconian:severity
繁荣的:繁荣=严峻的:严格(形容词和名词的同义关系)
draconian:inclemency=fret:vexation
严峻的:严酷=（使)烦恼:烦恼 （同义关系）【 注:词性不符】
draconian<>indulgent/mild
苛刻的<>放纵的/温柔的
draconian<>genial
苛刻的<>亲切的
draconian<>lenient
严峻的，苛刻的<>宽大的，仁慈的
Synonyms: RIGID, ironhanded, rigorist, rigorous,
strict, stringent, unpermissive
Sample:The invading army used draconian measures
to control the people; they cut off the hands and feet of anyone who opposed
them.
drain [dreIn] vt. 排出沟外,喝光,耗尽
to exhaust
physically or emotionally
ripen:mature=drain:empty
使成熟:成熟=耗尽:清空
(行为及其结果)
tonic<>draining { nagging }
增进健康之物<>气力耗尽
Synonyms: DEPLETE, bankrupt, draw, draw down,
exhaust, impoverish, use up
Sample:Before serving the spaghetti, place it in a
colander to drain it.
drawl [drC:l] v. 懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说，n.懒洋洋的说话态度
to utter in a slow
lengthened tone
inch:move=drawl:speak
慢慢移动:移动=慢慢地说:说(程度类比)
pontificate:pompous=scoff:derisive=drawl:slow=bluster:loud=prate:aimless
装模作样的说话:傲慢的 =嘲笑:嘲笑的=慢慢地说:慢=咆哮:大声的=闲聊:无目的的(动词与形容词的同义关系)
drawl:slow=deadpan:impassive
{bicker:unpleasant}
慢慢的说:慢=无表情:消极 {争吵:不愉快}（动作及其正面特征）
Sample:He drawls when he speaks; he speaks with a southern drawl.
dreary [5drIErI] adj. 沉闷的
having nothing likely to
provide cheer, comfort, or interest:GLOOMY, DISMAL
jocund<>dreary
欢乐的<>沉闷的
Synonyms: GLOOMY, black, bleak, depressing,
depressive, dismal, dispiriting, funereal, oppressive, somber
Sample:During his checkered career he had lived in
palatial mansions and in dreary boardinghouses.
drench [drentF] v.湿透；浸透
to wet thoroughly
(as by soaking or immersing in liquid)
drenched:wet=antithetic:different
湿透:湿=对立相反的:不同的
（程度类比）
Synonyms: WET, deluge, douse, drown, soak, sop, souse
Sample:The heavy rain drenched our clothes.
drivel [5drIv(E)l] vi. 淌口水,说傻话 n.流口水, 胡言乱语, 糊涂话
to utter in an
infantile or imbecilic way
nonsensical:drivel=pompous:bombast
无意义的:傻话=夸大的:夸大的言辞(形容词和名词的同义关系)
exaggerated:hyperbole=nonsensical:drivel
夸大的:夸张法=无意义的:胡说（事物及其表达的含义）
Synonyms: DROOL,
dribble, salivate, slabber, slaver, slobber
Sample:What he says is drivel; don't believe him.
drizzle [5drIz(E)l] n./v. 下毛毛雨，毛毛雨
a fine misty rain
deluge<>drizzle
大洪水<>毛毛雨
Synonyms: sprinkle
Sample:There is a fine drizzle this morning.
droll [drEJl] adj. 古怪的，好笑的
having a humorous,
whimsical, or odd quality
grisly:flinch=droll:laugh
可怕的:退缩=好笑的:笑(形容词与动词的同义关系)
droll<>grave
好笑的<>严肃的
droll<>serious
好笑的<>严肃的
droll<>somber
好笑的<>忧郁的
Synonyms: LAUGHABLE, comic, comical, farcical, funny, gelastic, ludicrous,
ridiculous, risible
Sample:He was a popular guest because his droll
anecdotes were always entertaining.
drone [drEun] vt.低沉地说出, 单调而低沉地说
to
speak in a monotonous tone:
stammer:halting=drone:monotonous
结巴的说:犹豫=单调而低沉地说:单调的
(行为及其正面特征)
droplet [5drRplIt] n. 小滴
a tiny drop (as of
a liquid)
droplet:deluge=pebble:landslide
小滴:大洪水=小鹅卵石:山崩(程度类比)
Synonyms:
DROP , drib, driblet, globule, gobbet
Sample:I felt a few droplets of rain on my
shoulder.
drudgery [5drQdVErI] n. 苦差事,苦工
dull, irksome, and fatiguing
work:uninspiring or menial labor
drudgery<>rewarding work
苦差事<>美差
Synonyms: donkeywork, grind, labor, plugging, toil, travail
Sample:Cinderella's fairy
godmother rescued her from a life of drudgery.
dubious [5du:bIEs] adj. 可疑的,不确定的
questionable or
suspect as to true nature or quality
disaffected:contentment=dubious:commitment/conviction
不满的:满足=可疑的:确信/坚信(形容词和名词的反义关系)
dubious<>certain
不确定的<>确定的
Synonyms: DOUBTFUL,
dubitable, equivocal, fishy, open, problematic, suspect, uncertain, unclear,
undecided
Sample:It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody would think of
denying, that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes with all the
characteristics of maturity.
dulcet [`dQlsIt] adj．（声音）悦耳的，美妙的
pleasing to the ear
cacophonous<>dulcet/euphonious
刺耳的<>悦耳的
Synonyms: MELODIOUS , euphonic,
euphonious, mellisonant, melodic, sweet, tuneful
Sample:The dulcet sounds of the birds at dawn were
soon drowned out by the roar of traffic passing our motel.
dull [dQl] adj. 钝的,无趣的,呆滞的,阴暗的
lacking brilliance or luster
tarnish:dull=vitrify:smooth
使失去光泽:阴暗的=使…变成玻璃:平滑的(动作造成结果的关系)
brilliance<>dullness
光辉<>迟钝
perspicuous<>dull
明了的<>不清楚的
resplendent<>dull
灿烂的<>阴暗的
trenchant<>vague/dull
清晰的<>含糊的/迟钝的
perspicacious<>dull
{ awkard }
敏锐的<>呆滞的 【注:强调思维状态,而非行为特征】
Synonyms: RETARDED, backward, dim-witted, feebleminded, half-witted,
imbecile, moronic, simple, simpleminded, slow dim, fade, muddy, pale, tarnish
Sample:We need more inquisitive students in this
school; lectures are dull.
dullard [5dQlEd] n.愚人, 笨蛋
a stupid or unimaginative
person
wit<>dullard
机智的人<>愚人
Synonyms: DUNCE, dullhead,, dummy, idiot,
ignoramus, moron, simpleton, stupid
dune [du:n] n.(由风吹积而成的)沙丘
a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind
sand:dune=word:sentence
{ water:canal }
沙:沙丘=词语:句子
（组成关系）
Sample:The sand dunes on the desert are formed by
the wind.
dupe [du:p] n. 傻瓜,易受骗的人
one that is easily
deceived or cheated:FOOL
reverent:idolater=trusting:dupe
尊敬的:崇拜者=信任的:易受骗的人(程度类比)
callous:impassive=dupe:duplicity
冷淡的:冷漠的=欺骗:不诚实 （同义关系）
perspicacious:dupe=rectitude:corruption
敏锐的:欺骗=正直的:堕落（事物及其反面特征）
Synonyms: FOOL ,butt, chump,fall,guy,gudgeon,gull,mark,pigeon,
sap, sucker
Sample:While the gullible Watson often was made a
dupe by unscrupulous parties, Sherlock Holmes was far more difficult to fool.
dwelling [5dwelIN] n. 住处
a shelter (as a house) in
which people live
deportation:country=eviction:dwelling
放逐:国家=逐出:住处(行为及其作用对象)
potable:beverage=habitable:dwelling
可饮用的:饮料=可居住的:住处（形容词和名词的同义关系）
Synonyms: HABITATION ， abode,
commorancy, domicile, home, house, residence, residency
Sample:She lives in an old dwelling on the edge
of town.
dyspeptic [dIs`peptIk] adj.消化不良的,胃弱的,患胃病的, 脾气坏的
INDIGESTION
genial<>dyspeptic
和蔼的<>脾气坏的
Synonyms: ILL-TEMPERED, bad-tempered,
hot-tempered, ill-humored, ill-natured, rusty, tempersome
Sample:All the talk about rich food made him feel
dyspeptic.
eaglet [5i:^lIt] n. 小鹰
a young eagle
eaglet:bird=fawn:mammal {frog:amphibian}
小鹰:鸟=小羊:哺乳动物 {青蛙=两栖动物} (小动物及其所属种类)
earnest [5\:nIst] adj.认真的，诚恳的
characterized by or proceeding
from an intense and serious state of mind
facetious<>earnest
爱开玩笑的<>认真的
Synonyms: intentness, serious-mindedness,
seriousness
Sample:They began to work in earnest when the
boss arrived.
earplug [5IEplQ^] n. 耳栓
device of pliable material for
insertion into the outer opening of the ear (as to keep out water or deaden
sound)
earplug:noise=shield:impact
耳栓:噪音=盾:撞击（防止关系）
Sample:She wears earplugs when she swims.
earshot [5IEFRt] n. 听力所及之范围,声音所及的距离
the range within
which the unaided voice may be heard
earshot:hear=ken:see
听力范围:听=视野范围:看(行为及其范围)
Synonyms: hearing
Sample:I called to him, but he could not hear me
because he was out of earshot.