list
8 deficiency --- disarm
deficiency [dI5fIFEnsI] n. 缺乏,不足
an amount that is lacking or
inadequate:SHORTAGE
surfeit<>deficiency
过度<>缺乏
Synonyms: FAILURE, defalcation, deficit, inadequacy,
insufficience, insufficiency, lack, scantiness, shortage, underage
Sample:Yet Waizer’s argument，however deficient，does
point to one of the most serious weak- nesses of capitalism-namely，that it
brings to predominant positions in a society people who，no matter how
legitimately they have earned their material rewards，often lack those other
qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
defile [di:5faIl] v．弄污，弄脏 n．（山间）小道
a narrow passage or gorge
precipice:steepness=defile:narrowness
悬崖:陡峭=小道:狭窄 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: CONTAMINATE, pollute, soil, taint
Sample:The hoodlums defiled the church
with their scurrilous writing.
definitive [dI5fInItIv] adj.最后的, 确定的, 权威性的
serving
to provide a final solution or to end a situation
definitive<>provisional
确定的<>临时的
Synonyms: EXPLICIT, categorical, clean-cut,
clear-cut, definite, express, specific, unambiguous
Sample:Vaillant, who has been Particularly
interested in the means by which people attain mental health, seems to be
looking for definitive answers:a way to close the book on at least a few
questions about human nature.
defoliate [di:5fEJlIeIt] vt. & vi. (使)落叶
to deprive of leaves especially
prematurely
defoliants:leave=insecticide:insect
(使)落叶:树叶=除虫:虫 （试剂及其消除对象）
Synonyms: contort, distort, misshape,
torture, warp, wind
Sample:In
Vietnam the army made extensive use of chemical agents to defoliate the woodlands.
deforest [di:5fC:rIst] vt.采伐森林, 清除树林
the action or
process of clearing of forests;
also :the state of having been cleared of
deforest:tree=insecticide:insect
采伐森林:树木=除虫:虫 （事物及其消除方法）
Sample:Loggers
deforested a valley by cutting its trees.
defraud [dI5frC:d] vt. 欺骗
to deprive of something by
deception or fraud
Synonyms: CHEAT, beat, bilk, chouse, cozen, do, flimflam,
gyp, swindle, take
Sample:As you gloat over your ill-gotten
wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded?
deft [deft] adj. 灵巧的，熟练的
characterized by facility and skill
craven:admirable=deft:awkward
怯懦的:值的赞美的=灵巧的:笨拙的 （反义关系）
maladroit:deft=voluble:terse
笨拙的:灵巧的=流利的:简短的 （反义关系）
deft<>maladroit
灵巧的<>笨拙的
ham-handed<>deft/adroit
笨手笨脚的<>敏捷熟练的/灵巧的
deft<>inept
熟练<>笨拙
Synonyms: DEXTEROUS, adroit, clever, handy, neat-handed,
nimble
Sample:The deft waiter uncorked the
champagne without spilling a drop.
defuse [di:5fju:z] vt. 放松，抚慰，减轻 , 去掉...的雷管
to make less harmful, potent, or
tense
defuse<>foment
放松<>煽动
Synonyms: DEAD, asleep, cold, deceased, departed,
exanimate, extinct, inanimate, late, lifeless
Sample:They defused the bomb, so it couldn't
explode.
defy [dI5faI] vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅, 违抗, 使...难于
to challenge to do something
considered impossible:DARE
acquiesce<>defy
勉强同意<>公然反抗
defy<>obey
不服从<>尊从
Synonyms: FACE, beard, brave, challenge, dare,
double-dog dare, front, outdare, outface, venture
Sample:Mr. Barrett never expected his meek
daughter would dare to defy him by eloping with her suitor.
dehydrate [di:5haIdreIt] vt. (使)脱水
to remove bound water or hydrogen and oxygen
from (a chemical compound) in the proportion in which they form water
abraded:friction=desiccated:dehydration
摩擦的:摩擦=脱水的:脱水 （因果或目的以及产生或导致关系）
dehydrate:water=wither:vitality =fade:brightening
脱水:水=枯萎:活力=褪色:明亮
（ 行为及其消除对象）
fatigue:rest=dehydration:water
疲劳:休息=脱水:水 （ 行为及其消除对象）
descent:altitude=dehydrate:moisture
降落:高度=脱水:潮湿 （动作及其对象）
dehydrate:water= repose/rest:fatigue
脱水:水=休息:疲劳 （ 行为及其消除对象）
dehydrate:moisture=desertification:vegetation
脱水:潮湿=沙漠化:植被 （行为及其消除对象）
reconstitute<>dehydrate
复原<>脱水
Synonyms: DRY, desiccate, exsiccate, parch,
sear
Sample:Vigorous dancing quickly dehydrates
the body; between dances, be sure to drink more water than normal.
deify [5di:IfaI] v.神化 , 神拜，神敬把…当作神来崇拜或敬畏
To
worship or revere as a god
deification<>debasement
神化<>贬低
deify<>watch with contempt
神化<>蔑视
Sample:Admire the rock star all you want; just don't deify him.
deject [dI5dVekt] vt. 使沮丧,使灰心
to make gloomy
mollify:anger=hearten:dejection
平息:生气=激励:使沮丧 （ 行为及其消除对象）
dejected<>exultant
沮丧的<>欢跃的
deject<>gladden
使沮丧<>使高兴
dejected<>jocund
沮丧的 <> 欢乐的
Synonyms: DISCOURAGE, chill, demoralize, dishearten,
disparage, dispirit
Sample:A man with a dejected look sat waiting for a bus.
deleterious [delI5tIErIEs] adj. （对身心）有害的，有毒的
harmful often in a subtle or
unexpected way
wholesome<>deleterious
健康的<>有害的
deleterious<>salutary/salubrious
有害的<>有益的/有益健康的
deleterious<>beneficial
有害的<>有益的
Synonyms: HARMFUL, damaging, detrimental, hurtful,
injurious, mischievous, nocent, nocuous, prejudicial, prejudicious
Sample:It is a great advantage to be able
to transfer useful genes with as little extra gene material as possible,
because the donor's genome may contain, in addition to desirable genes, many
genes with deleterious effects.
deliberate [dI5lIbEreIt] adj.深思熟虑的；审慎的
to think about or discuss issues
and decisions carefully
apophasis:claim={caprice:deliberate}
故抑其词,以求婉达:表述={善变:仔细考虑}
headlong:deliberation=??
轻率的:谨慎=?? （名词与形容词的反义关系）
candor:subterfuge=brash:deliberate
直率:托词=仓促:深思熟虑 （反义关系）
impromptu:rehearsal= caprice:deliberate
即席演出:排练=反复无常:深思熟虑的 （反义关系）
insubordinate:submissive=capricious:deliberate
不顺从的:顺从的=反复无常:深思熟虑的 （反义关系）
hasty<>characterized by deliberation
草率的<> 审慎的
hasty<>deliberate
草率的<>深思熟虑的
impetuous<>deliberate
冲动的<>审慎的
Synonyms: advised, aforethought, considered, designed,
premeditated, prepense, studied, studious, thought-out
Sample:The President reached a decision
only after lengthy deliberation, painstakingly weighing the divergent opinions
expressed by cabinet members.
delicacy [5delIkEsI] n. 细软,精致,精美的食品,娇气
the quality or state of being
dainty:FINENESS
chiaroscuro:contrast={
tapestry:intricacy } filigree:delicacy
明暗配合:对比={ 挂毯:纷繁 }=复杂金银细丝工艺品:精致（事物及其正面特征）
【注:此题争议很大，已经由机考判分数据确认准确答案:
chiaroscuro:contrast=filigree:delicacy
】
delicacy<>crudity
精致<>粗制
husky<>delicate
粗糙的<>精致的
Synonyms: bonne bouche, dainty, goody, kickshaw, morsel,
treat
Sample:The diplomat, selected for her
demonstrated patience and skill in conducting such delicate negotiations,
declined to make a decision during the talks because any sudden commitment at
that time would have been inopportune.
deliquesce [7deli5kwes] vi.溶解, 解除, 液化
to dissolve or melt away
Synonyms： LIQUEFY, dissolve, flux, fuse, liquesce, melt, run, thaw
delinquent [dI5lINkwEnt] n. 行为不良的人,流氓 adj. 有过失的
offending by neglect or violation
of duty or of law
Synonyms: NEGLIGENT, behindhand, careless, derelict,
disregardful, lax, neglectful, regardless, remiss, slack Sample:The
juvenile delinquent is a potential murderer.
delirium [dI5lIrIEm] n．精神错乱，发狂
a mental disturbance characterized by
confusion, disordered speech, and hallucinations
coma:unconsciousness=delirium:confusion
昏迷:不省人事=精神错乱:混乱 （种属）
Synonyms: frenzy, furor
Sample:The
drunkard in his delirium saw strange animals.
delude [dI5lu:d] vt. 迷惑,蛊惑
to mislead the mind or judgment
of:DECEIVE, TRICK
delusion:thought=hallucination:perception
{mirage:imagination}
错觉:思考=幻觉:感觉 { 幻想:想象}（行为及其特殊方式）
transparent<>delusive
透明的<>迷惑的
Synonyms: DECEIVE, beguile, betray, bluff, double-cross,
humbug, illude, juggle, mislead, take in
Sample:Do not delude yourself into
believing that he will relent.
deluge [5delju:dV] n.大洪水,豪雨
adj. an overflowing of the land by
water b:a drenching rain
rain:deluge=wind:hurricane
雨:豪雨=风:飓风 （正常:大）
droplet:deluge=pebble:landslide
小水滴:大洪水=小圆石:山崩 （小与大）
deluge<>drizzle
豪雨<>毛毛雨
Synonyms: FLOOD, cataclysm, cataract, flooding,
inundation, niagara, overflow, pour, spate, torrent
Sample:When we advertised the position, we
received a deluge of applications.
delve [delv] vt. & vi. 探究,查考
to
make a careful or detailed search for information
quaff:sip=delve:skim
痛饮:啜吸=探究:浏览 （程度类比）
scrutinize:gloss=delve:skim
细看:简短的说明=探究:浏览 （程度类比）
Synonyms: DIG, excavate, grub, shovel, spade
Sample:Delving into old books and
manuscripts is part of a researcher's job.
demagogue [5demE^R^] n. 煽动者,群众煽动者
a leader who makes use of popular prejudices
and false claims and promises in order to gain power
demagogue:instruct=??
煽动者:指示=?? （人物及其特征动作）
Synonyms: rabble-rouser
Sample:He was accused of being a demogogue
because he made promises that aroused futile hopes in his listeners.
demanding [dI5mAndIN] adj.过分要求的, 苛求的
requiring much time, effort, or attention:EXACTING
demanding:satisfactory=adulterate:pristine
{closed-mind:sway}
苛求的:满意=掺假的:纯净 (反面特征)
Synonyms: ONEROUS, burdensome, exacting, exigent, grievous,
oppressive, taxing, tough, trying, weighty
demise [dI5maIz] n.死亡 vt. 让渡,遗赠,转让
DIE, DECEASE
Synonyms: DEATH, curtains, decease, defunction,
dissolution, passing, quietus, silence, sleep
Sample:The demise of the rigorous academic
curriculum in high school resulted, in part, from the progressive rhetoric that
sanctioned the study of subjects previously thought inappropriate as part of
school learning.
demography
[dI5mR^rEfI] n. 人口统计学
the statistical study of human populations
especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital
statistics
demography:population=meteorology:weather
人口统计学:人口=气象学:天气 （学科及其研究对象）
Sample:In conducting a survey, one should
take into account demographic trends in the region.
demolition [9demE`lIFEn] n. 破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹
the act of demolishing; especially :destruction in war by means
of explosives
recycle:disposal=rehabilitate:demolition
再利用:处理=复原:破坏 （反义关系）
Sample:One of the major aims of the air
force was the complete demolition of all means of transportation by the bombing
of rail lines and the terminals.
demoralize [dI5mC:rElaIz] vt. 使道德颓废,使堕落,挫折锐气
a:to weaken the morale
of:DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT
b:to upset or destroy the normal
functioning of
c:to throw into disorder
demoralize <>invigorate/cheer { ameliorate }
士气受挫<>鼓舞 【此题有争议】
Synonyms: DEBASE, bastardize, bestialize, brutalize,
corrupt, debauch, deprave, pervert, vitiate, warp
Sample:Poor leadership demoralized the workers.
demotic [di(:)5mCtik] adj.通俗的 , 与平民有关的；大众化的
Of or
relating to the common people; popular
demotic<>profound
通俗的<>深刻的
Sample:He lamented the
passing of aristocratic society and maintained that a demotic society would
lower the nation's standards.
demur [dI5m\:(r)] v．表示异议，反对
to take exception:OBJECT
praise:approbation=demur:objection
赞美:嘉许=提出异议:反对 （行为及其所表达的含义）
demur:doubt=waver:irresoluteness
反对:怀疑＝不安:动摇（动作及其内心表达）
demur<>accept
表示异议<>接受
accede<>demur
同意<>反对
Synonyms: balk, boggle, gag, jib, scruple, shy, stick,
stickle, strain, stumble
Sample:To demur at this time will only
worsen the already serious situation; now is the time for action
denigrate [5denI^reIt] vt. 使变黑,玷污,诋毁
to
cast aspersions on:DEFAME
denigrate<>honor
诋毁<>尊敬
denigrate<>exalt
贬低<>晋升
Synonyms: MALIGN, asperse, calumniate, defame, libel,
scandalize, slander, tear down, traduce, vilify
Sample:The current penchant for touting a product
by denigrating a rival, named in the advertisement by brand name, seems
somewhat foolhardy:suppose the consumer remembers only the rival's name?
denouement [deI5nu:mC:N] n.(小说的)结尾,结局
the final outcome of the main dramatic
complication in a literary work
joke:punch line=plot:denouement
笑话:妙语=情节:结尾 （ 事物及其最重要部分）
Sample:The play was childishly written;
the denouement was obvious to sophisticated theatergoers as early as the middle
of the first act.
denounce [dI5naJns] v. 指责，揭发
to pronounce especially publicly to
be blameworthy or evil
admonish:denounce=punish:pillory {persuade:convince}
警告:公开指责=惩罚:公开嘲弄（种属关系/一般:公开）
condone<>denounce
宽恕<>指责
denounce<>bracing
指责<>支持
denounce<>eulogy
谴责<>赞扬
Synonyms: CRITICIZE, blame, censure, condemn,
denunciate, knock, rap, reprehend, reprobate, skin
Sample:Although it is unusual to denounce
museum-goers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those. who are
unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize spectators for athletic inactivity.
dent [dent] n.凹, 凹痕, (齿轮的)齿, 弱点
a depression or hollow made by a
blow or by pressure
convex<>dent
凸起<>凹陷
Sample:The accident left a
dent in my car door.
denude [dI5nu:d] v．脱去，剥蚀，剥夺
to strip of all covering or surface
layers
denude<>cover
脱去<>遮蔽
Synonyms: STRIP, bankrupt, bare, denudate, deprive,
dismantle, disrobe, divest
Sample:The hurricane denuded the trees of their
leaves.
denunciate [dI`nQnsIeIt] vt. 公开指责, 公然抨击, 谴责
to
pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil
castigation:reproof=denunciation:denial{
glorification:merit }
苛责:谴责=驳斥:否定 (程度类比）
execrate:denunciate=??
痛骂:指责=??
panegyric<>denunciation
赞扬<>谴责
accolade<>denunciation
赞扬<>谴责
Synonyms: CRITICIZE, blame, censure, condemn, denounce,
knock, rap, reprehend, reprobate, skin
Sample:The government issued a denunciation of
the terrorist group.
depart [dI5pB:t] vi. 离开,出发,去世,违反,放弃
to go away:LEAVE
abscond:depart=pilfer:take
潜逃:离开=偷:拿 （行为及其特殊方式（秘密的））
lurk:wait=abscond:depart
埋伏:等待=潜逃:离开 （行为及其特殊方式（秘密的））
Synonyms: GO, blow, exit, get away, get off, leave, pull
out, quit, retire, withdraw
Sample:Because the order in which the parts of
speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom,
it is unjustifiable to maintain that every departure from that order
constitutes a violation of a natural law.
depict [dI5pIkt] vt. 描述,描写
to represent by or as if by a
picture
Synonyms: REPRESENT, delineate, describe, image, interpret,
limn, picture, portray, render
Sample:The artist depicted a landscape in bright
colors.
despise [dI5spaIz] vt.轻视
to look
down on with contempt or aversion
reverence<>despise
尊敬<>轻视
venerate<>despise/scorn
尊敬<>蔑视
Synonyms: abhor, contemn, disdain, look
down, scorn, scout
Sample: He was placed in
the anomalous position of seeming to approve procedures that he despised.
deplete
[dI5pli:t] vt. 耗尽,使衰竭
to lessen markedly in quantity,
content, power, or value
enrich<>deplete
使富有<>耗尽
Synonyms: bankrupt, drain, draw, draw down, exhaust,
impoverish, use up
Sample:country has depleted its natural resources
completely.
deplore [dI5plC:(r)] vt. 悲悼,哀叹, 谴责感到或表达强烈的不满意；指责
to feel or express strong
disapproval of; condemn.
deplore<>laud
指责<>赞美
deplore<>accolade/extol
指责<>赞美/赞美
deplore<>commend
指责<>赞扬
deplore<>applaud
表达悲痛<>表达赞赏
coddle<>deplore
溺爱<>指责
Synonyms: bemoan, bewail, grieve, lament,
moan, weep
Sample:Every citizen must deplore the poor
housing conditions in the city.
deploy [dI5plCI]v.［军］展开,调度,部署
to extend (a military unit)
especially in width
deploy<>concentrate
展开<>集中
Sample:That the Third Battalion's fifty-percent
casualty rate transformed its assault on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem
into a debacle does not gainsay eyewitness reports of its commander's
extraordinary cleverness in deploying his forces.
deportation [di:pC:5teIF(E)n]n. 驱逐,放逐
the removal from a country of an alien whose
presence is unlawful or prejudicial
deportation:country=eviction:dwelling
驱逐:国家=逐出:住处 （行为及其作用范围）
Synonyms: EXILE, banishment, displacement, expulsion,
ostracism, relegation
Sample:Prison officials took her to the airport
for deportation.
depose [dI5pEJz] vt. 免职,废,作证
to testify to under oath or by
affidavit
perjure<>deposition
作伪证<>作证
Synonyms: dethrone, discrown, disenthrone, displace,
disthrone, uncrown, unmake
Sample:A lawyer deposed a witness in her office.
deposit [dI5pRzIt] vt.使淤积
to lay down or leave behind by a
natural process
deposit<>process of eroding
淤积<>腐蚀过程
Sample:Sediment
deposits slowly on the ocean bottom.
depravity [dI5prAvItI] n. 堕落,腐败,邪恶
a corrupt act or practice
doldrums:energy=depravity:virtue
消沉:精力=堕落:品德 （人物特征及其缺乏对象）
Synonyms: VICE, corruption, immorality,
wickedness
Sample:In many science fiction films, the
opposition of good and evil is portrayed as a conflict between technology,
which is beneficent, and the errant will of a depraved intellectual.
deprecate [5deprIkeIt] vt. 声明不赞成,抨击,反对
BELITTLE, DISPARAGE
deprecate:value=restrict:diameter
反对:价值=限定:直径 ( 行为及其作用消除对象)
deprecate<>extol
抨击<>赞美
vaunt<>deprecate
自夸<>反对
deprecate<>endorse
反对<>赞成
Synonyms: DISAPPROVE, discommend, discountenance,
disesteem, disfavor, frown, object
Sample:She is a modest person, so she responds to
praise with self-deprecating remarks.
depreciate [dI5pri:FIeIt] v. 贬低，贬值
to lower the price or estimated
value of
fawn:hauteur=self depreciate:swagger
奉承:傲慢=自贬:吹嘘 （行为及其反面特征）
imperious:fawn=swagger:self depreciate
傲慢的:奉承=吹嘘:自贬 （行为及其反面特征）
imperiousness:fawn=self depreciatory:swagger
傲慢:奉承=自贬:吹嘘 （行为及其反面特征）
depreciation:value=ossification:flexible
贬值:价值=僵化:灵活 （行为及其作用消除对象)
Synonyms: cheapen, decry, devalorize, devaluate,
devalue, downgrade, lower, mark down, soften, underprize, underrate, undervalue,
write down, write off
Sample:The boss depreciated the abilities of a
worker.
depress [dI5pres] vt. 使沮丧,压低,降低,使萧条
to press down
despondent:depressed=saturnine:gloomy=masterful/expert:skilled
意气消沉:沮丧的=忧郁的:忧伤的=熟练的:熟练的 （同义关系）
depressant:mood=??:??
镇静剂:情绪,=??:?? （药物及其作用对象）
protuberant<>depressed
突出的<>压低的
Synonyms: LOWER, couch, demit, droop, let
down, sink
Sample:I feel
depressed in bad weather.
deprivation n. 剥夺,剥夺官职,免职
the state of being deprived:PRIVATION; especially :removal from an office, dignity,
or benefice
deprivation<>surfeit/fecundity
剥夺<>过量/丰饶
Synonyms: PRIVATION, deprivement, dispossession,
divestiture, loss
Sample:The people of that country live in a state
of deprivation without freedom or enough food.
deracinate [dIprI5veIF(E)n] vt. 根除,灭绝,使孤立
UPROOT
deracinate<>plant
根除<>种植
derelict [5derIlIkt] n. 遗弃物,被遗弃的人,玩忽职守者
a
destitute homeless social misfit:VAGRANT, BUM
stickler:derelict=poseur:unaffected
坚持己见的人: 玩忽职守的=装模做样的人:自然的（人物及其反面特征）
derelict<>pillar
of society
被遗弃的人<>国之栋梁
Synonyms: OUTCAST, castaway, Ishmael, Ishmaelite, leper,
offscouring, pariah, untouchable
Sample:Derelicts often beg on the streets.
deride [dI5raId] vt. 嘲弄, 嘲笑
to subject to usually bitter or
contemptuous ridicule
patronize:condescension=deride:mockery
屈尊俯就:屈尊俯就=嘲笑:嘲笑 （同义关系）
pontificate:pompous=scoff:derisive=drawl:slow=bluster:loud=prate:aimless
装模作样的说话:傲慢的=嘲笑:嘲笑的=慢吞吞的说话:慢的=怒号:高声的=空谈:无目的的 （ 行为及其正面特征）
smirk:smugness=sneer:derision
假笑:装模做样=讥笑:嘲笑 （行为及其所表达的含义）
ridicule:derision=??
嘲笑:嘲笑=?? （行为及其所表达的含义）
apologize:regret=gibe:derision
道歉:后悔=嘲笑:嘲笑 （行为及其所表达的含义）
condolence:sympathy/compassion=gibe:derision
哀悼:同情=嘲笑:嘲笑 （行为及其所表达内容）
cheer:encourage=jibe:deride
欢呼激励:鼓舞=嘲笑:嘲笑（同义关系）
deride<>praise
嘲笑<>赞美
veneration<>derision
尊敬<>嘲笑
Synonyms: RIDICULE, lout, mock, quiz, rally, razz,
scout, taunt, twit
Sample:That newspaper columnist derides the mayor
whenever she can.
derivative [dI5rIvEtIv] adj. 先驱的，无创意的
lacking originality:BANAL
precursory<>derivative
先驱的<>衍生的
derivative<>original
派生的<>原创的
Synonyms: SECONDARY, derivate, derivational,
derived
Sample:Her first concert appearance was
disappointingly perfunctory and derivative, rather than the inspired
performance in the innovative style we had anticipated.
derogatory [dI5rR^EtC:rI] adj. 贬损的
expressive of a low
opinion:DISPARAGING
Synonyms: depreciative, depreciatory, detracting,
disadvantageous, disparaging, dyslogistic, pejorative, slighting,
uncomplimentary
Sample:The two candidates for mayor criticized
each other's ideas, but without making derogatory remarks.
descent [dI5sent] v. 降落
n.降下, 降落, 世系, 血统, 侵袭
an
inclination downward:SLOPE
descent:altitude=dehydrate:moisture
降落:高度=脱水:潮湿 （动作及其对象）
Synonyms: decline, declivity, dip, drop, fall
Sample:The
airplane made a long descent before landing.
descendant [dI5sent] n．后代，后裔
one deriving directly from a
precursor or prototype
forbears<>descendants
祖先<>后代
Synonyms: OFFSPRING, begats, brood, children, issue,
posterity, progeniture, progeny, scions, seed
Sample:That sex ratio will be favored
which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the
number of gene copies transmitted.
desecrate [5desIkreIt] vt. 供俗用,亵渎,污辱
to
violate the sanctity of:PROFANE
desecrate<>sanctify/revere
污辱<>尊敬/尊敬
hallowed<>desecrate
视为神圣<>亵渎
Synonyms: RAVAGE, depredate, desolate, despoil,
devastate, devour, pillage, sack, spoliate, waste
Sample:The invading army desecrated this holy
place when they camped here.
desert [dI5z\:t]vt. 放弃,遗弃,逃跑
to withdraw from or leave usually
without intent to return
Synonyms: ABANDON, chuck, forsake, quit,
renounce, throw over
Sample:The father's desertion of the family left
them with no support.
desiccate [5desIkeIt] vt. 使干,干贮
to preserve (a food) by
drying:DEHYDRATE
abraded:friction=desiccated:dehydration
磨损的:摩擦=干的:脱水 （形容词及其同义关系名词）
caustic:eat away=desiccant:dry
腐蚀性的:侵蚀=使干燥的:干燥 (事物特征及其作用)
desiccate:moisture=detoxify:poison
使干:潮湿=使解毒:毒药 （行为及其消除对象）
cleanser:dirt=desiccant:moisture
清洁剂:脏=干燥剂:潮湿 （事物及其消除对象）
desiccation:moisture=deceleration:velocity
{disintoxication:immunity }
使干燥:潮湿=减速:速度{解毒:免疫性}
Synonyms: DRY, dehydrate, exsiccate, parch,
sear
Sample:My stereo was shipped with little bags of
desiccant to keep it dry.
designate [5dezI^neIt] adj.（官职）已任命但还未就职的
vt.指明,
指出, 任命, 指派
foreword:introductory=appellation:designate
前言:介绍性的=命名:命名的 （行为及其正面特征）
Synonyms: NAME, baptize, call, christen, denominate, dub,
entitle, style, term, title
Sample:An official designated his aide to
represent him at the conference.
despair [dIs5peE(r)] n.绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)
to lose all hope or confidence
abandon:inhibition=despair:hope
放纵:压抑=失望:希望 （行为及其消除对象）
Synonyms:
despond, give up
Sample:Ironically, Carver's precision in
sketching lives on the edge of despair ensures that his stories will sometimes
be read too narrowly, much as Dickens' social-reformer role once caused his
broader concerns to be ignored.
despicable [des5pIkEb(E)l] adj. 可鄙的, 卑劣的
deserving to be despised:so worthless or
obnoxious as to rouse moral indignation
redoubtable:regard/awe=despicable:scorn/contempt/disregard
可畏的:尊重/敬畏=可鄙的:轻视/ 轻视/忽视 （因果关系）
venerable:reverence=despicable:scorn
值得尊敬的:尊敬=可鄙的:轻视
（因果关系）
despicable:value=mulish:flexible
卑劣的:价值=顽固的:灵活的 （人物个性及其缺乏对象）
despicable:contempt=reprehensible:censure
可鄙的:鄙视=应受斥责的:斥责 （人物特征及其被动行为）
paltry:covet=despicable:admire/adulate
无价值的:觊觎=卑劣的:钦佩（事物特征及其反面被动动作）
paragon:admirable=miscreant:despicable
模范:令人尊敬的=有罪的人:令人鄙视的 (正面特征)
reverent<>scornful/despicable
尊敬的<>可鄙视的
Synonyms: CONTEMPTIBLE, beggarly, cheap, despisable,
mean, pitiable, scummy, scurvy, shabby, sorry
Sample:He was drunk and his behavior at the party
was despicable.
despondent [dI5spRndEnt] adj. 失望的，意气消沉的
feeling or showing extreme discouragement,
dejection, or depression
despondent:depressed=saturnine:gloomy/masterful:skilled
意气消沉:沮丧的=忧郁的:忧伤的/熟练的:熟练的 （同义关系）
livid:anger=despondent:discourage
{insightful:meditate}
怒气冲冲的:使生气=沮丧的:使气馁 （ 因果关系）
elated<>despondent
兴高采烈的<>意气消沉的
sanguine<>despondent
充满希望的<>意气消沉的
Synonyms: despairing, desperate, desponding, forlorn,
hopeless
Sample:He is despondent over his inability to
find a job.
dessert [dI5z\:t] n. 甜点心
a usually sweet course or dish (as of pastry
or ice cream) served at the end of a meal
dessert:meal=epilogue:play=coda:sonata
餐后甜点:一餐=收场白:戏剧=尾声:奏鸣曲 （事物及其结束）
Sample:We had apple pie and coffee for dessert.
desultory [5desEltC:rI] adj.散漫的, 不连贯的, 断断续续的
disappointing in progress or
performance:SLUGGISH
desultory:plan=languid:energy
散漫的:计划=疲倦的:精力 （事物及其反面特征）
desultory:plan=facile:profundity
散漫的:计划=容易的:深刻 （事物及其反面特征）
assiduous<>remiss/desultory
勤勉的<>玩忽职守的/散漫的
Sample:She works
in a desultory way and completes nothing.
detach [dI5tAtF] vt. 分离,分遣
to separate especially from a larger mass and
usually without violence or damage
tether<>detach
束缚<>分离
Synonyms: abstract, disassociate, disconnect, disengage,
dissociate, uncouple, unfix
Sample:The Board of Directors tried to detach
themselves from the company president and his illegal actions.
detain [di5tein] v.拘留, 留住, 阻止
to hold or keep in or as if in
custody
detain<>manumit
拘留<>释放
Synonyms: ARREST, apprehend, nab, pick up, pinch, pull in, run in
Sample:The police detained a man for questioning
in the crime.
deter vt.
制止,使断念,威慑
to turn aside, discourage, or
prevent from acting
intrepid:deter=rapt:distract
无畏的:威慑=全神贯注的:心不在焉 （人物性格及其反面被动特征）
inducement<>deterrent
引诱<> 制止
deter<>spur
制止<>激励
Synonyms: DISSUADE, disadvise, discourage,
divert
Sample:A woman deterred a criminal from attacking
her by yelling for the police.
detestable [dI5testEb(E)l] adj. 嫌恶的,可憎的,可厌恶的
arousing or meriting intense
dislike:ABOMINABLE
Synonyms: HATEFUL, abhorrent, abominable, hateable,
horrid, odious
Sample:He deserves life in prison for his
detestable act.
detour [dI5tJEr] vi.绕路而行
to send
by a circuitous route
detour:route=digress:topic
绕路而行:路线=偏题:主题 （动宾关系）
Synonyms: SKIRT, bypass,
circumnavigate, circumvent
Sample: We could not
appreciate the beauty of the many cascades as we made detours around each of
them to avoid getting wet.
detract [dI5trAkt] vt. & vi. 减去,贬低, 转移
to diminish the importance, value, or
effectiveness of something
extol<>condemn/impugn/detract
赞美<>谴责/指责/诽谤
Synonyms: DECRY, belittle, depreciate, derogate,
diminish, discount, disparage, dispraise, minimize, write off
Sample:Her heavy makeup detracts from her good
looks.
detritus [dI5traItEs] n. 碎石, 堆积物；废墟:
a product of disintegration, destruction, or
wearing away
detritus<>valuable product
堆积物；废墟<>有用的物品
Synonyms: DEBRIS
Sample:The road was blocked by the detritus from
a rock slide.
deviation [di:vI5eIF(E)n]
n. 背离
noticeable or marked departure from accepted
norms of behavior
Synonyms: aberration, deflection, departure, divergence, diversion,
turning
Sample:Rousseau's short discourse, a work that
was generally consistent with the cautious, unadorned prose of the day,
deviated from that prose style in its unrestrained discussion of the physical
sciences.
devise [dI5vaIz]
vt. 设计,发明,图谋,遗赠给
to form in the mind by new combinations or application of and ideas or principles
Synonyms: LEGACY , bequest, inheritance
Sample:The methods that a community devises to
perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy
that that community perceives as essential.
devolve [
di5vClv ] vt.转移, 传下, [生物] 退化, 衰落
to cause to roll onward or
downward
devoted [dI5vEJtId] adj. 投入的,深爱的
devote:to give over or direct (as time, money, or
effort) to a cause, enterprise, or activity
devoted:zealous=careful:fastidious
热情的:狂热的=细心的:过分注意 (形容词的程度比较)
fanatic:devoted=prude:proper
极端的狂热者:热情的=过分正经的:合乎礼教（形容词的程度比较）
elegiac:sorrow=devotional:reverence
挽歌的:悲痛=虔诚的:尊敬（形容词与名词的同义关系）
dabble<>dedicate/devote
涉猎草率地或者没有严肃目的地做某件事<>投入的
Synonyms: LOVING, affectionate,
dear, doting, fond, lovesome
Sample:The president's secretary and his
chief aide adored him, and both wrote obsessively devoted personal memoirs
about him; unfortunately, however, idolatry does not make for true intimacy.
devout [dI5vaJt]
adj. 虔诚的,虔敬的,衷心的
devoted to religion or to religious duties or
exercises
religion:devoutness=canon:orthodoxy
宗教:虔诚的=宗教法规:正统的 (事物及其正面特征)
impiety<>devoutness
不虔诚<>虔诚
Synonyms: godly, holy, pietistic, pious, prayerful, religious
Sample:She is a
devout Catholic
dew [dju:]
n. 露水
moisture condensed upon the surfaces of cool bodies
especially at night
dew:condensation=rust:corrosion
露水:冷凝=锈:腐蚀(形成关系)
Sample:You'll wet
your shoes walking through the morning dew.
dexterous [5dekstrEs] adj. 灵巧的,用右手的
mentally adroit and skillful:CLEVER
dexterous:awkward=??
灵巧的:笨拙的=??（反义关系）
dexterous:manipulate=prescient:predict
{ clairvoyant:oversee }
灵巧的:熟练的操作=预见性的:预言 { 有洞察力的:监视 } (行为及其正面特征)
dexterous:inept=voluble:laconic
灵巧的：笨拙的=多话的:简短的(反义关系)
Synonyms: adroit, clever, deft, handy, neat-handed, nimble
Sample:His
fingers are very dexterous in carving figures out of wood.
diabolic [daIE5bRlIk]
adj.恶魔 (一样) 的,魔鬼性格的
of, relating to, or characteristic of the
devil:DEVILIS
diabolic<>benefict
恶魔(一样) 的<>慈善的
diabolical<>seraphic
魔鬼的<>六翼天使的
Synonyms: FIENDISH, demoniac, demonian, demonic, devilish, diabolonian,
satanic, serpentine, unhallowed
Sample:He has a diabolic mind, always making evil
plans.
diagnose [`daIE^nEJz,] vt.vi. 诊断,分析原因
to recognize (as a disease) by signs and
symptoms
diagnose:treat=proofread:correct
诊断:治疗=校对:修正 （目的关系）
Synonyms: IDENTIFY, determinate,
diagnosticate, distinguish, finger, pinpoint, place, recognize, spot
Sample:Doctors diagnose illnesses.
diaphanous [daI5AfEnEs]
adj．（布）精致的，半透明的
characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit
seeing through
diaphanous<>opaque
透明的<>不透明的
diaphanous<>substantial
模糊的,虚幻的<>实质的
diaphanous<>impermeable of light
透明的<>不透光的
Synonyms: FILMY, flimsy, gauzy,
gossamer, sheer, tiffany, transparent
Sample:The movie star wore a diaphanous gown.
diatribe [`daIEtraIb] n. （口头或书面猛烈的）抨击，抨击性演说
a bitter and abusive speech or writing
diatribe:abuse=burlesque:mockery
谩骂:辱骂，毁谤=滑稽、荒谬的模仿:，嘲弄或无礼的模仿（动作及其体现情感）
lullaby:song=diatribe:discourse
摇篮曲:歌曲=:谩骂:交谈；对话（种属关系）
Synonyms: TIRADE, harangue, jeremiad, philippic
Sample:The politician launched into a diatribe
against the government policy.
didactic [dI`dAktIk] adj．教诲的、说教的
designed or intended to teach
didactic:teach=hortatory:urge=exhortative:urge
{ generous:liberality }
想要教训的:教育=激励的:激励=鼓舞的:激励的 （ 形容词与动词的同义关系）
didactic:teach=fantastic:amaze
想要教训的:教育=奇异的古怪的:使惊异（形容词与动词的同义关系）
Synonyms: moral, moralizing,
preachy, schoolmasterish, sermonic, sermonizing, teachy
Sample:The didactic qualities of his poetry
overshadow its literary qualities; the lesson he teaches is more memorable than
the lines.
die [daI] v.金属模子
any of various tools or devices for
imparting a desired shape, form, or finish to a material or for impressing an
object or material
reel:winding=die:shaping=drill:boring
线轴:缠;缠绕;卷绕=模具:成形=钻床:钻孔（事物与其功用）
Sample:A die is used to make pennies with
President Lincoln's image on them.
diehard [5daIhB:d] adj.顽固的
strongly or fanatically determined or
devoted
palter:candor=budge:diehard
敷衍, 支吾:坦白=改变立场或态度:顽固（反义关系）
vagary:predict=diehard:budge
奇特行为:预知=顽固的人:动摇 （事物特征及其反面被动行为）
hidebound:innovation=diehard:budge
死板的:创新=顽固分子:放弃（形容词与名词的反义关系）
diehard:conservative=manic:excitement
顽固的人:保守派=狂燥者:兴奋（人物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: CONSERVATIVE, fogyish,
old-line, orthodox, reactionary, right, tory, traditionalistic
Sample:He's a diehard who always
votes Conservative even though the party keeps losing.
diffident [5dIfIdEnt] adj. 无自信的,内向的,羞怯的
hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence
diffident<>brassy
羞怯的和胆小的<>厚颜无耻的
expansive<>reserved/diffident
豪爽的，开朗的<>矜持的/羞怯的和胆小的
nervy<>diffident
勇敢<>缺乏自信
diffidence<>braveness
缺乏自信<>勇敢
expansive<>reserved/diffident/taciturn/withdrawn
健谈的<>内向的/冷漠的/沉默寡言的/性格内向的
diffidence<>blazonness
缺乏自信<>夸示
brazen<>diffident
厚颜无耻的<>缺乏自信的
brassy<>diffident
厚脸皮的<>缺乏自信的
Synonyms: SHY, bashful, coy,
demure, modest, retiring, self-effacing, timid, unassertive, unassured
Sample:Although normally diffident, Alison felt
so strongly about the issue that she put aside her reserve and spoke up at the
committee meeting.
diffuse [dI5fju:s] adj.散开的,罗嗦的
being at once verbose and ill-organized
euphemism:offensive=aphorism:diffuse
委婉:冒犯性的=箴言:罗嗦的（名词与形容词的反义关系）
diffuse<>succinct
罗嗦的<>简洁的
Synonyms: WORDY, long-winded,
palaverous, prolix, redundant, verbose, windy
Sample:The sea was not an obstacle to the
diffusion of the windmill; on the contrary, while the concept of the new
invention passed quickly from seaport to seaport, it made little headway
inland.
digit
[5dIdVIt]
n. 数字,位数,指头
A human finger or toe.
fang:tooth=finger:digit
尖牙, 犬牙:牙=手指:人的手指或足趾（种属关系）
Sample:The hand has five digits.
dignity [5dI^nItI]
n. 尊严,高贵
quality or state
of being worthy, honored, or esteemed
Synonyms: DECORUM, decency,
etiquette, propriety, seemliness
Sample:My doctor is a woman of great dignity.
digress [5daI^res] v. 离题，把（话题）离开
to turn aside especially from the main subject of
attention or course of argument
digress:excursive=reiterate:redundant
离题:离题的=重申:累赘的（动词与形容词的同义关系）
digressive:topic/subject=stray:group
离题的:主题, 话题=迷路的:人群（偏离对象关系）
digressive:topic=random:pattern
离题的:主题=没有具体形式的:形式（缺乏关系）
aberrant:standard=digressive:topic
异常的:标准=离题的:主题 （缺乏关系）
digressive:topic=errant:standard
离题的:主题=周游不定的:标准 （缺乏关系）
detour:route=digress:topic
绕路而行:路线=偏题:主题 （动宾关系）
aside:digression=summary:excerpt
偏离:离题=摘要:摘录 （同义关系）
Synonyms: depart, divagate, diverge, excurse, ramble, stray, wander
Sample:The speaker talked about modern art, then
digressed into a discussion of a painter from 500 years ago.
dilapidate [dI`lApIdeIt] vi.vt.
(使)荒废,(使)毁坏
to bring into a condition of decay or partial
ruin
dilapidated<>restored
坍坏的，破旧了的<>恢复存在或使用的
dilapidated<>still
in use
坍坏的<>还在使用
Synonyms: RUIN, bankrupt, do in,
shipwreck, wreck
Sample:Those poor people live in a dilapidated
house with holes in the roof and broken windows.
dilate [daI5leIt]vt.使膨胀；使扩大
to enlarge or expand in bulk or
extent:DISTEND, WIDEN
dilate<>contract
使膨胀<>收缩
Synonyms: EXPAND,
amplify, distend, inflate, swell
Sample:When there is less light, the pupils in
our eyes dilate.
dilatory [5dIlEtC:rI] adj.拖拉的, 不慌不忙的
characterized by procrastination:TARDY
dilatory:procrastinate=malcontent:complain
有意拖延的:推迟拖延做某事=不满的:抱怨（形容词与动词的同义关系）
alacrity<>dilatoriness/hesitance
敏捷，轻快；迅速<>迟缓/踌躇, 犹豫
precipitate<>retard/dilatory
使提前发生; 仓促行进的，匆促的<>减速,阻碍/拖拉的
Synonyms: SLOW, deliberate,
laggard, leisurely, unhasty, unhurried
Sample: The company has no patience for employees
with dilatory work habits.
dilettante [dIlI5tAntI] n. 半瓶醋，业余爱好者
a person having a superficial interest in an art or a
branch of knowledge:DABBLER
dilettante:commitment=nonentity:consequence
浅薄的涉猎者:致力,献身=无足轻重的人:重要性（人物及其反面行为）
Synonyms: AMATEUR, abecedarian, dabbler, nonprofessional, smatterer,
tyro, uninitiate
Sample:His occasional trips to the opera show he
is a dilettante in the arts.
diligent [5dIlIdV(E)nt] adj. 勤勉的,用功的
characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic
effort:PAINSTAKING
malign:ill will=diligent:effort
有害的:恶意=勤勉的:努力 (行为及其正面特征)
satire:lampoon=diligence:effort
讽刺:讽刺=勤奋:努力 （同义关系）
procrastination<>diligence
推迟拖延<>努力,勤勉
Synonyms: ASSIDUOUS, industrious, operose,
sedulous
Sample:He raised his grades by being a very
diligent student.
dilute [daI5lju:t]v. 冲淡,稀释;削弱减小
to diminish the strength, flavor, or
brilliance of by admixture
slacken:tautness=dilute:strength/concentration
使松懈, 使松弛:拉紧=削弱减小; 冲淡:强度/浓缩（削弱关系）
dilute:concentrated=??
稀释:浓缩的=??
Sample:My tea was too strong, so I diluted it with more
water.
dimension [dI5menF(E)n] n.尺寸, 存在于空间范围的一种量变
congruent:dimension=coeval:age
全等的:尺寸=同时代的:时代（直接修饰的关系）
measure:dimensions=calibrate:diameter=gauge:pressure=plumb:depth
量:尺寸=确定口径:直径=测定:压力=测量深度:深度（动词及其作用对象）
Sample:The dimensions of a room (package,
building lot, etc.) are its length, width, and depth (or height).
diminish [dI5mInIF] v.减少,减损（权势、声誉）使权势、声誉或地位降低
diminish<>increase/escalate
减少<>增加/增大
Synonyms: DECREASE, abate, close,
drain (away), dwindle, lessen, reduce, taper, taper off
Sample:The company's
reputation for quality has diminished; it has a <adj.> diminished
reputation.
din [dIn] n. 喧闹声，嘈杂声
a loud continued noise; especially :a welter of discordant
sounds
stench:nose=din:ear
恶臭:鼻子=杂乱无章或不谐和的声音:耳朵（后是前的接收器官）
Synonyms: babel, brouhaha, clamor,
hubbub, hullabaloo, jangle, music, pandemonium, racket, racketry, tintamarre,
tumult, uproar
Sample:There was a terrible din made by the crowd
waiting for the rock concert.
dingus [`dIN^Es]n. ((俚))新发明品; 新玩意儿
an ornamental attachment or
decoration:DOODAD
Synonyms: DOODAD, doohickey,
gadget, jigger, thingumbob
dingy [5dIndVI] adj. 肮脏的，褪色的，暗黑的, 邋遢的
SHABBY, SQUALID
dingy:glisten=slippery:adhere
黑暗的:反光=滑溜的:粘附（事物特征及其反面行为）
Synonyms: SHABBY, broken-down, dilapidated, down-at-heel, faded,
run-down, seedy, tacky, threadbare, tired
Sample:He could find only a dingy room in an old
rundown hotel.
diocesan [dBI`CsIsEn] adj. 主教管区的
a bishop having jurisdiction over a diocese
diocesan<>ecumenical
教区的<>全世界的
diplomatic [dIplE5mAtIk] adj.外交的, 老练的
xenophobic:diplomatic=??
恐惧(或憎恨)外国人的,恐外的:外交的（反义关系）
genial:bonhomie=diplomatic:tact
温和的:温和 =有策略的:机智，策略（正面特征）
Synonyms:
TACTFUL, delicate,
politic, tactical
Sample:She gave a diplomatic response to a
hostile question and brought calm to the situation.
dire [5daIE(r)] adj. 可怕的,悲惨的,阴惨的,极端的
DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE
dire<>pleasant
悲惨的:快乐的
Synonyms: DEPLORABLE, afflictive,
calamitous, distressing, grievous, heart breaking, lamentable, regrettable,
unfortunate, woeful
Sample:His business is bankrupt and he is in dire
trouble.
dirge [d\:dV] n. 哀歌、凄凉之曲调
a song or hymn of grief or lamentation; especially :one intended to accompany funeral or
memorial rites
Sample:A band played a funeral dirge at the
service for the dead President.
disabuse [dIsE5bju:z] v. 打消（某人）的错误念头，纠正
to free from error, fallacy, or misconception
disabuse:fallacy=cure:disease
纠正:错误=治疗:疾病（消除关系）
loose:confinement=disabuse:misconception
放松:限制= 解除错误印象:误解（消除关系）
mislead<>disabuse
误导<>纠正
Synonyms:
purge, undeceive,
undelude
Sample:Although he attempted repeatedly to
disabuse her of her conviction of his insincerity, he was not successful; she
remained adamant in her judgment.
disaffected [dIsE5fektId]
adj．（政治上）不满的，叛离的
discontented and resentful especially against
authority REBELLIOUS
disaffected:contentment=dubious:commitment/conviction
不满的:满足=未决的;可疑的:/约定保证的事情;确信（形容词与名词的反义关系）
disaffected:contentment=anxious:serenity
不服的:满意=担忧的:平静（形容词与名词的反义关系）
officious:meddle=disaffected:rebel
多管闲事的:干预,干涉=叛离的:造反, 反抗拒绝服从（人物特征及其行为）
disaffected<>contented/win
over
不满的, 叛离的<>满足的/争取过来,拉过来
disaffect<>mollify
实敌对<>平息
disaffected<>
beloved
不满的<>心爱的
Sample:She has become disaffected by her work
(situation, pay, etc.).
disagreeable [dIsE5^ri:Eb(E)l]
adj. 不愉快的,厌恶的,不为人喜的
causing discomfort:UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE
disagreeable:hateful=harmful:lethal
厌恶的:憎恨的=有害的:极其有害的（形容词程度类比）
oppression:disagreement:??
沉闷:不愉快的=??（名词与形容词的同义关系）
Synonyms: BAD, displeasing, rotten, sour, unhappy, unpleasant
Sample:She is so disagreeable that no one will
work with her.
disarm [dIs5B:m]
vi. 放下武器,缓和
to deprive of means, reason, or disposition
to be hostile
bait<>disarm
激怒,挑惹,使恼火<>消除…的疑虑、敌意或对抗
Synonyms: PARALYZE, cripple,
disable, immobilize, incapacitate, prostrate
Sample:She disarmed her opponent with her
friendly manner.