list 7 convex --- deference
convex [5kRnveks] adj.表面弯曲如球的外侧, 凸起的
curved or rounded like the exterior
of a sphere
convex<>dent
凸起<>凹陷
Sample:He
polished the convex lens of his telescope.
convey [kEn5veI] vt. 传达,运输,转移
to transfer or deliver
to another
collude:cooperate=smuggle:convey
串通:合作=走私:运输 （正常与非法）
splint:immobilize=duct:convey
夹板:使固定=管道:运输 （物品及其功能）
Sample:The
appreciation of traditional oral American Indian literature has been limited，hampered
by poor translations and by the difficulty，even in the rare culturally
sensitive and aesthetically satisfying translation，of completely conveying the
original’s verse structure，tone，and syntax.
conviction [kEn5vIkF(E)n] n.确信，信服，深信
a strong persuasion or
belief
disaffected:contentment =dubious:commitment /conviction
不满足的:满足=可疑的:确信
cogent<>unconvincing
有说服力的<>不令人信服的
Synonyms: CERTAINTY, assurance, assuredness, certitude,
confidence, sureness, surety
Sample:Few of
us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a
natural repugnance to doing so.
conviction [kEn5vIkF(E)n] n. 定罪
the act or process of convicting of
a crime especially in a court of law
mediation:compromise=prosecution:conviction
调解:和解=起诉:定罪 （动作及其目的）
Sample:The
warden will incarcerate the felon after conviction.
convivial [kEn5vIvIEl] adj. 欢乐的 ,喝饮和交际的；好交际的
relating
to, occupied with, or fond of feasting, drinking, and good company
convivial:sociability=??
好交际的:社交性=??
Synonyms: SOCIAL ,
companionable, sociable
Sample:The convivial
celebrators of the victory sang their college songs.
convoke [kEn5vEJk] v. 召集会议
to call together to a
meeting
convoke<>adjourn
召集会议<>休会
Synonyms: assemble, call, convene, summon
Sample:Congress was
convoked at the outbreak of the emergency.
convoluted [`kCnvElU:tId] adj. 旋绕的，费解的
INVOLVED, INTRICATE
convoluted:complexity=ephemeral:transience
费解的:复杂的事物=短暂的:顷刻 （事物及其正面特征）
convoluted:complexity=transient:evanescence
费解的:复杂的事物=短暂的:瞬息 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: complex , winding , intricate,
complicated
Sample:A
misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure
mirrors thought:the more convoluted the structure, the more complicated the
ideas.
convulsion [kEn5vQkF(E)n] n. 骚动，痉挛
an abnormal violent and involuntary
contraction or series of contractions of the muscles
convulsion:contraction=frenzy:emotion
痉挛:收缩=狂暴:激动 （动作程度类比）
Synonyms: COMMOTION, clamor, ferment, outcry, tumult,
upheaval, upturn
Sample:He began
to choke and went into convulsions.
coop [ku:p] n. 小屋,鸡笼,捕鱼笼
a cage or small
enclosure (as for poultry)
corral:horses=coop:chickens
畜栏:马=鸡笼:小鸡 （动物及其饲养场所）
Sample:Mr.
Jones obtained a watchdog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken coops.
copious [5kEJpIEs]adj.丰富的
present in large
quantity:taking place on a large scale
copious<>sparse/dearth
丰富的<>稀少的
Synonyms: PLENTIFUL, abundant, ample, bounteous, bountiful,
generous, liberal, plenteous, plenty
Sample:She had
copious reasons for rejecting the proposal.
coquette [kR5ket] n. 风骚的女人,爱卖弄风情的女子,玩弄男人的女人
a woman who endeavors without
sincere affection to gain the attention and admiration of men
supplicant:beseeching=coquette:flirtatious
恳求者:恳求的=骚的女人:轻浮的
（人物及其正面特征）
Sample:Because
she refused to give him an answer to his proposal of marriage, he called her a
coquette.
cord [kC:d] n. 绳索,束缚，木料计量单位
a unit of wood cut for fuel equal
to a stack 4 x 4 x 8 feet or 128 cubic feet
ream:paper=cord:wood
令:纸=木料计量单位:木材 （物品及其计量单位）
Sample:She bought
a cord of wood for use in her fireplace.
cordon [5kC:d(E)n] n. 哨兵线,非常警戒线,饰带
a line of persons or
objects around a person or place
levee:river=cordon:crowd
大堤:河=警戒线:群众 （前者为后者的界限）
Sample:The
police cordon was so tight that the criminals could not leave the area.
cornucopia [kC:njJ5kEJpIE] n．象征丰收的羊角（羊角装饰器内装满花、果、谷物等以示富饶）
an inexhaustible
store:ABUNDANCE
cornucopia<>lack/pittance
丰富<>缺乏/少量
cornucopia<>dearth
丰富<>少量
Sample:American
farmers grow a cornucopia of food for people.
coronation [kC:rE5neF(E)n] n.加冕，加冕礼
the act or occasion of
crowning; also :accession to the
highest office
coronation:reign=wedding:marriage
加冕礼:执政=婚礼:结婚 （前者是后者的仪式）
Sample:When
Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II, England celebrated her
coronation.
corporeal [kC:5pC:rIEl] adj. 肉体的,有形的,物质的
having, consisting of, or relating
to a physical material body:as
a:not spiritual b:not
immaterial or intangible:SUBSTANTIAL
corporeal<>intangible/disembodied
有形的<>无形的
spiritual<>corporeal
精神的<>物质的
incorporeal<>incarnate
无实体的<>人体化的
Synonyms: MATERIAL, gross, objective, phenomenal, physical,
sensible, substantial, tangible
Sample:He was
not a churchgoer; he was interested only in corporeal matters.
corral [kE5rAl] vt. 占有，围住 n. 畜栏
a pen or enclosure for
confining or capturing livestock
corral:horses=coop:chickens
畜栏:马=鸡笼:小鸡 （动物及其饲养场所）
Sample:Cowboys leave their horses in the corral
after work.
corroborate [kE5rRbEreIt] vt. 使坚固,确证
to support with
evidence or authority:make more certain
corroborate:evidence=calumniate:falsehood
确证:证据=诽谤:谎言 （动宾关系）
corroboration<>lessening of
certainty
确证<>降低可信度
Synonyms: CONFIRM, authenticate, bear out,
justify, substantiate, validate, verify
Sample:Unless
we find a witness to corroborate your evidence, it will not stand up in court.
corrosive [kE5rEJsIv] adj. 腐蚀的,腐蚀性的,蚀坏的
tending or having the
power to corrode
etch:corrosive=glue:adhesive
蚀刻:腐蚀的=胶合:有黏性的 (行为及其正面特征)
Synonyms: SARCASTIC, acerb, acerbic,
archilochian, caustic
Sample:The
corrosive effect of air pollution on great buildings and statues eventually
turns them to powder.
cosmopolitan [kRzmE5pRlIt(E)n] n. 四海为家的人,世界主义者,无国家偏见的人
having worldwide rather than
limited or provincial scope or bearing
bigot:tolerant=provincial:cosmopolitan {servile:domination}
顽固:宽容的=狭隘的:世界性的 （人物及其反面特征）
insularity<>cosmopolitanism
岛国<>世界主义
insular<>cosmopolitan
岛的<>世界性的
Synonyms: UNIVERSAL, catholic, cosmic, ecumenical, global,
planetary, worldwide
Sample:Hong Kong is a cosmopolitan city with people from all over
the world.
cosset [5kRsIt] v. 宠爱，娇养
to treat as a
pet:PAMPER
cosset<>slight
宠爱<>轻蔑
cosseted<>unspoiled
宠爱的<>未宠坏的
Synonyms: BABY, cater (to), cocker, coddle, humor, indulge,
mollycoddle, pamper, spoil
Sample:Cosseted Child, Convincing Bohemian, Robert Louis
Stevenson Was Also, a New Book Shows, the Star of an Extraordinary Life.
coterie [5kEJtErI] n. （有共同兴趣的）小团体，小圈子
an intimate and often exclusive
group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose
coterie:group=??
小团体:团体 （种属关系或正式非正式）
Synonyms: CLIQUE, cabal, camarilla, camp, circle, clan, in-group,
mafia, mob, ring
Sample:After
his book had been published, he was invited to join the literary coterie that
lunched daily at the hotel.
countenance [5kaJntInEns] n. 面容，表情 v. 支持，赞成
to extend approval or
toleration to:SANCTION
countenance<>condemn
支持<>谴责
Synonyms: APPROVE, accept, approbate, favor, go (for), hold (with)
Sample:While
many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people
do not countenance such alternative treatments, relying on conventional medical
treatments instead.
counterfeit [5kaJntEfi:t] n. 赝品,伪造品
made in imitation of something else
with intent to deceive:FORGED
sophism:reasoning=counterfeit:money
诡辩:推理=赝品假钱:钱（假与正常）
Synonyms: ASSUME, act, affect, bluff, fake, feign, pretend, put
on, sham, simulate
Sample:Criminals
counterfeited the $20 bills by printing them secretly.
counterpart [5kaJntEpB:t] n. 副本,复本,配对物,相应物
one of two corresponding copies of
a legal instrument:DUPLICATE
Synonyms: PARALLEL, analogue, correlate, correspondent, countertype,
match
Sample:As
early as the seventeenth century, philosophers called attention to the
problematic character of the issue, and their twentieth-century counterparts
still approach it with uneasiness. (9504)
court [kC:t] n.法院，法庭；庭院 vt. 献殷勤,追求,招致危险
to seek the affections of; especially :to seek to win a pledge of
marriage from
aversion<>court
厌恶<>追求
court<>repel
intentionally/repulse intentionally/snub
追求<>有意识的抵制/有意的厌恶/怠慢
spurn<>court /crave/embrace
摒弃<>追求，热望，包含
Synonyms: ADDRESS, make up (to), pursue, spark, sue,
sweetheart, woo
Sample:Jones
was unable to recognize, the contradictions in his attitudes that were obvious
to everyone else; even the hint of an untruth was repugnant to him, but he
courted serious trouble by always cheating on his taxes.
courtesy [5k\:tEsI] n. 礼貌,谦恭,允许
a courteous act or
expression
Synonyms: amenity, attention, gallantry
Sample:A firm
believer in old-fashioned courtesy, Miss Post deprecated the modern tendency to
address new acquaintances by their first names.
coven [5kQv(E)n] n. (尤指十三个) 女巫的集会
an assembly or band of
usually 13 witches
retainer:retinue=witch:coven
家臣:随行人员=女巫:女巫的集会
（组成关系）
Sample:A coven
of witches beside a tree is a possible rebus for the town Coventry.
covetous [5kQvItEs] adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
marked by inordinate desire for wealth
or possessions or for another's possessions
troubled:distraught=covetous:rapacious
不平静的:发狂的=贪心的:强夺贪婪的
（程度类比）
mania:enthusiasm=rapacity:covetous
极端狂热的:热情=十分贪婪:贪婪的
（程度类比）
paltry:covet=despicable:admire
无价值的:觊觎=卑劣的:钦佩（事物特征及其反面被动动作）
Synonyms: acquisitive, desirous, grabby, greedy
Sample:The child was
covetous by nature and wanted to take the toys belonging to his classmates.
cow [kaJ] v.恐吓，吓倒,威胁
to destroy the resolve
or courage of
cowed<>undaunted
被吓倒的<>大无畏的
embolden<>abash/faze/cow
使大胆<>使羞愧/使狼狈/威胁
Synonyms: INTIMIDATE, bludgeon, bluster, browbeat, bulldoze, bully,
bullyrag, dragoon, hector, strong-arm
Sample:The
little boy was so cowed by the hulking bully that he gave up his lunch money
without a word of protest.
cowardice [5kaJEdIs] n. 懦弱
lack of courage or
resolution
cowardice:intimidate=perplexed:obfuscate
懦弱:胁迫=困惑的:使模糊
（事物个性及其被动特征）【注:词性不符】
cowardice:intimidate=choler:antagonize
懦弱:胁迫=愤怒:使敌对 （事物个性及其被动特征）
pluck<>cowardice
勇气<>懦弱
pluckish<>coward
勇气<>胆小
dauntless<>cowardice
大胆<>胆怯
Sample:When the
boat turned over, the man showed cowardice by saving himself while leaving his
wife to drown.
cower [5kaJE(r)]
vi. 畏缩,退缩,抖缩
to shrink away or crouch especially
for shelter from something that menaces, domineers, or dismays
fear:cower=anger:rant
害怕:畏缩=愤怒:咆哮 （动作及其表现情感）
bristle<>cower
发怒<>畏缩
Synonyms: FAWN, apple-polish, bootlick, cringe, grovel,
honey (up), kowtow, toady, truckle
Sample:The frightened child
cowered in the corner of the room.
cozen [5kQzn] v.欺骗, 瞒
to
mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive
credulous:cozen=tractable:control
轻信的:欺骗 = 驯良的:控制 （行为及其对象正面特征）
Sample: He was the kind of individual who would
cozen his friends in a cheap card game but remain eminently ethical in all his
business dealings.
Synonyms DECEIVE, beguile, betray, delude, double-cross, humbug,
illude, mislead, sell out, take in
craft [krB:ft] n. 技艺,手艺,诡计
skill in planning, making, or
executing:DEXTERITY
Synonyms: ART, adroitness, cunning, dexterity,
expertise, know-how, skill
Sample:His
desk was cluttered with paper, pen, ink, dictionary and other paraphernalia of
the writing craft.
cramp [krAmp] adj. 狭窄的,难解的
restricted; narrowed
commodious<>constricted/cramped
宽敞的<>狭窄的/狭促的
Synonyms: RESTRICTION , circumscription, limitation, stint, stricture
Sample:She lives
in a cramped little apartment.
crass [krAs] adj.粗糙,粗厚的;愚钝的;极度的,非常的
having or indicating such grossness
of mind as precludes delicacy and discrimination
crass<>refined
粗糙的<>精细的
Synonyms: COARSE, crude, gross, inelegant, raw, rough, rude, uncouth,
unrefined, vulgar
Sample:The
philosophers deplored the crass commercialism.
craven [5kreIv(E)n] adj．懦弱的，畏缩的
lacking the least bit
of courage:contemptibly fainthearted
craven:admirable=deft:awkward
懦弱的:可钦佩的=灵巧的:笨拙的 （两形容词的反义关系）
craven:hero=parsimonious:spendthrift
懦弱的:英雄=小气的:败家子 （人及其反面特征）
craven:heroic=volatile:constant
懦弱的:英勇的=不稳定的:稳定的 （反义关系）
heroic:craven=erratic:permanent
英勇的:懦弱的=不稳定的:稳定的 （反义关系）
craven:confront=honest:deceive
懦弱的:对抗=诚实的:欺骗 （反义关系）
dastard:craven=??
懦夫:懦夫=??（同义关系）
Synonyms: COWARDLY, coward, gutless, lily-livered, poltroonish, poor-spirited, pusillanimous, spunkless, unmanly
Sample:Their
air of cheerful self-sacrifice and endless complaisance won them undeserved
praise, for their seeming gallantry was wholly motivated by a craven wish to
avoid conflict of any sort.
craving [5kreIvIN] n. 渴望,热望
an intense, urgent, or
abnormal desire or longing
terror:fear=craving:desire
恐怖:害怕=渴望:愿望 （程度类比）
exult:satisfaction=crave:longing
得意洋洋:满意=渴望:渴望 （程度类比）
spurn<>court/crave/embrace
摒弃<>追求，渴望，包含
craving<>aversion
渴望<>厌恶
Synonyms: LONG, ache, dream, hanker, hunger, lust, pine,
sigh, suspire, thirst
Sample:Although
he wished to break the nicotine habit, he found himself impotent in resisisting
the craving for a cigarette.
credence [5kri:dEns] n.信任, 接受为真实或有效
acceptance as true or valid; belief
credence<>skeptic/doubt
信任<>怀疑
Synonyms: BELIEF, credit, faith
Sample: Do not place any credence in his promises.
credulous [5kredVElEs] adj.轻信的, 易受骗的
ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence
penitent:obdurate=skeptic:credulous
悔过者:顽固的=怀疑者:轻信的 (人物及其反面特征)
credulous:cozen=tractable:control
轻信的:欺骗 = 驯良的:控制 （行为及其对象正面特征）
Synonyms: unsuspecting, unsuspicious, unwary
Sample:When Jack claimed he
hadn't eaten the jelly doughnut, Jill took an incredulous look at his smeared
face and laughed.
creek [krIk] n. 小溪,小河,小湾
a natural stream of water normally
smaller than and often tributary to a river
hill:mountain=creek:river
小山:山脉=小溪:河流 （大和小）
Sample:We went fishing in the creek.
creep [kri:p] vi.爬, 蹑手蹑脚, 蔓延
to move
slowly,quietly and carefully, esp so as not to attract attention
creep<>move swiftly
缓慢地行进<>快速移动
creep<>quick movement
缓慢地行进<>快速移动
Synonyms: crawl, slide, snake
Sample:The husband came home very late and he
crept by his wife so he would not wake her up.
crescendo [krI5FendEJ] n.（音乐）渐强，高潮
a gradual increase; specifically :a gradual increase in volume
of a musical passage
crescendo<>decrease in volume
（音乐）渐强<>声音减弱
Synonyms: APEX, acme, apogee, climax, crest,
culmination, peak
Sample:The
overture suddenly changed from a quiet pastoral theme to a crescendo featuring
blaring trumpets and clashing cymbols.
crest [krest] n.鸡冠, 顶饰;
the top of a wave
crest:wave=summit/peak:mountain
波峰:波=山峰:山 （事物及其顶点）
acme:mountain=crest:wave
山顶:山=浪尖:海浪 （ 事物及其顶点）
Synonyms: TOP, apex, crown, fastigium, peak,
roof, summit, vertex
crestfallen adj. 挫败的，失望的
feeling shame or
humiliation:DEJECTED
crestfallen<>exultant
垂头丧气的<>欢悦的
Synonyms: DOWNCAST, blue, cast down, dejected, depressed,
disconsolate, dispirited, down, downhearted, low
Sample:We were
surprised at his reaction to the failure of his project; instead of being
crestfallen, he was busily engaged in planning new activities.
criterion [kraI5tIErIEn] n.(批评判断的)标准, 准据, 规范
a standard on which a
judgment or decision may be based
Synonyms: STANDARD, benchmark, gauge, measure, touchstone,
yardstick
Sample:The
primary criterion for judging a school is its recent performance:critics are
reluctant to extend credit for earlier victories.
crockery [5krRkErI] n.陶器, 瓦器
EARTHENWARE
crockery:earthenware=??
陶器:瓦器=??
(同义关系)
cronyism [`krEJnIIzLm ] n. 任人唯亲
partiality to cronies especially as
evidenced in the appointment of political hangers-on to office without regard
to their qualifications
nepotism:relative=cronyism:friend
任人唯亲:亲戚=对好朋友的偏袒:朋友（动宾关系）
croon [kru:n] v. 低声歌唱 ，低吟
to sing or speak in a gentle
murmuring manner; especially :to
sing in a soft intimate manner adapted to amplifying systems
croon:sing=murmur:speak
低声歌唱:歌唱=低语:说 （正常与不正常关系）
Sample:When
Desi crooned, "Baby, light my fire," literal-minded Lucy looked
around for some paper to ignite.
crouch [kraJtF] v. 蹲伏、弯腰
to bend or bow
servilely:CRINGE
Synonyms: huddle, hunch, scrooch
Sample:The
earthquake shattered his usual stolidity; trembling, he crouched on the no
longer stable ground.
crown [kraJn] vt. 使成王,加冕,居...之顶
to place a crown or wreath on the
head of; specifically :to invest
with regal dignity and power
inaugurate:president=install:official=crown:king
就职:总统=就职:官员=加冕:国王
（职位及其上任说法）
Sample:The
prophet Samuel anointed David with oil, crowning him king of Israel.
crucial [5kru:F(E)l] adj.严重的;极重要的
important or essential
as resolving acrisis:DECISIVE
relevant:crucial=perceptible:obvious
有关联的:重要的=看的见的:明显的
（形容词程度类比）
crucial<>inconsequential
重要的<>不重要的
peripheral<>crucial
外围的<>关键的
Synonyms: ACUTE, climacteric, critical, desperate, dire
Sample:Despite
its virtues, the book deals inadequately with a number of crucial issues.
crude [kru:d] adj. 天然的,未成熟的,粗糙的,粗鲁的
marked by the primitive, gross, or
elemental or by uncultivated simplicity or vulgarity
delicacy<>crudity
精致<>粗糙
Synonyms: COARSE, crass, gross, inelegant, raw, rough,
rude, uncouth, unrefined, vulgar
Sample:Unenlightened
authoritarian manage rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of
serious conflict among members of democratically run work groups:a modicum of
tolerance for dissent often prevents schism.
crutch [krQtF] n. 拐杖,支撑,帮助
a support typically fitting under
the armpit for use by the disabled in walking
crutch:walk=glasses:see
拐杖:行走=眼镜:看 （物品及其辅助功能）
crutch:support=??
拐杖:支持=?? （物品及其作用）
Sample:He broke his foot and is on crutches now.
crux [krQks] n. 十字架形,关键,难题
an essential point
requiring resolution or resolving an outcome
crux<>peripheral element
关键<>周边因素
Synonyms: SUBSTANCE， core, gist, kernel, matter, meat, nub, pith,
purport
Sample:This is
the crux of the entire problem.
cryptic [5krIptIk] adj. 秘密的,神秘的,含义模糊的
having or seeming to have a hidden
or ambiguous meaning:MYSTERIOUS
cipher:cryptic=precis:concise
暗号:秘密的=摘要:简洁的 （事物及其正面特征）
cryptic:perplex= ??
神秘的:使困惑=?? （形容词和动词同义关系）
cryptic<>self explain
含义模糊的<>能自我解释的
cryptic<>self explanatory
含义模糊的<>能自我解释的
Synonyms: dark, Delphian, enigmatic, mystifying
Sample:His cryptic remarks could not be interpreted.
cuisine [kwI5zi:n] n.厨房烹调法, 烹饪, 烹调风格
manner of preparing food:style of
cooking; also:the food prepared
connoisseur:art=gourmet:cuisine
鉴赏家:艺术=美食家:烹调 (特殊人物及其精通对象)
Sample:He likes French cuisine and his wife
enjoys Mexican cuisine.
culpable [5kQlpEb(E)l] adj. 该受谴责的
meriting condemnation or blame
especially as wrong or harmful
exemplary:imitation=culpable:blame
可模仿的:模仿=该受谴责的:谴责 （ 事物特性及其被动特征）
testimonial:appreciation=confession:culpability
推荐信:欣赏=招供:有罪 (事物及其表达的含义)
culpable<>innocent/above reproach
该受谴责的<>无罪的
Synonyms: BLAMEWORTHY, blamable, blameful, demeritorious, guilty, reprehensible
Sample:Corrupt politicians who condone the
activities of the gamblers are equally culpable.
cultivated
[5kQltIveItd] adj. 耕耘的,栽植的,有教养的
REFINED, EDUCATED
feral<>cultivated
野生的<>栽植的
cultivate<>cause to wither
栽植<>使枯萎
cultivate<>neglect
培养 <> 忽视
Synonyms: GENTEEL, cultured, polished, refined, urbane,
well-bred
Sample:The cultivation of the emotion of
natsukashii, interpretable as "pleasant sorrow," brings Japanese to
Kyoto in the spring, not to savor the cherry blossoms in full bloom but to
grieve over the fading, falling flowers.
cumbersome [5kQmbEsEm] adj. 讨厌的,麻烦的,累赘的
unwieldy because of heaviness and
bulk
cumbersome<>easy to handle
麻烦的<>容易处理的
Synonyms: UNWIELDY, cumbrous, ponderous,
unhandy
Sample:He was burdened down
with cumbersome parcels.
cunning [5kQnIN] adj. 狡猾的,巧妙的,可爱的
characterized by wiliness and
trickery
watchful:waylaid=cunning:gulled
警惕的:被埋伏=狡猾的:被骗 （人物及其反面特征）
artless<>cunning/guileful
率直<>狡猾的/狡猾的
ingenuous<>cunning
纯真的<>狡猾的
Synonyms: CLEVER, adroit, canny, dexterous, ingenious,
slim, sly
Sample:Early critics of
Emily Dickinson's poetry mistook for simplemindedness the surface of
artlessness that in fact she constructed with such cunning.
curator [kjuE5reItE(r)] n. (博物馆、图书馆等的) 馆长,主持
one that has the care and superintendence of
something; especially:one in
charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of exhibit
ranger:forest=curator:museum
护林员:森林 =馆长:博物馆 （人物职业及其工作对象）
Sample:The members of the board of trustees
of the museum expected the new curator
curmudgeon [kE5mQdV(E)n] n.乖戾的(老)人, 脾气坏的人, 爱争吵的(老)家伙
a crusty,
ill-tempered, and usually old man
curmudgeon<>agreeable
person
脾气坏的人<>令人愉快的人
Sample:Although he was
regarded by many as a curmudgeon, a few of us were aware of the many kindnesses
and acts of charity that he secretly performed.
curriculum [kE5rIkjJlEm] n.课程，一组相关的专业课程
A group of related courses, often
in a special field of study:
curriculum:course=menu:dish { agenda:meeting }
一组课程:课程=菜单:盘装菜 { 议程:会议 } （组成关系）
【注:menu:a list of the dishes that may be
ordered (as at a restaurant) or that are to be served (as at a banquet) 强调:一组】
Sample:Unfortunately, since courses in
nutrition are often neglected in medical school curriculums. a family physician
is unlikely to be an enlightening source of general information about diet.
cursory [5k\:sErI] adj.匆匆忙忙的, 粗略的, 草率的
rapidly and often superficially
performed or produced:HASTY
cursory<>painstakingly thorough
草率的<>认真的
fastidious<>easygoing/cursory/uncritical
苛求的<>随便的/草率的/不严厉的
pinpoint<>exam cursorily
精确地定位<>粗略的检查
Synonyms: SUPERFICIAL, depthless, shallow, sketchy,
uncritical
Sample:A cursory examination of the ruins
indicates the possibility of arson; a more extensive study should be undertaken.
curt [k\:t] adj. （言词、行为）简略而草率的
sparing of words:TERSE
curt:words=parsimonious:resource
简略的 :词语=节省的:资源
(人物个性及其对象)
Synonyms: CONCISE, breviloquent, brief, compendiary,
compendious, laconic, short, succinct, summary
Sample:He asked his boss a question, but got a
curt reply, "I have no time for you now!"
curtail [k\:5teIl] vt.截短,缩短;削减
to make less by or as if by cutting
off or away some part
curtail:period=enervate:energy
缩短:时期=使衰弱:活力 （动作及其作用对象）
curtail:duration=abase:strength
缩减:持续时间=降低:力量 （动宾关系）
protract<>curtail
延长<>缩短
elongate<>curtail
拉长<>缩减
Synonyms: SHORTEN, abbreviate, abridge, cut, cut back,
retrench, slash
Sample:To avoid annihilation by parasites,
some caterpillars are able to curtail periods of active growth by prematurely entering
a dormant state, which is characterized by the suspension of feeding.
cyclone
[5saIklEJn] n. 旋风；气旋
a storm or system of winds that rotates about
a center of low atmospheric pressure, and often brings heavy rain
snow:precipitation=hurricane:cyclone
雪:降雪=飓风:暴风 （种属）
Synonyms:
TORNADO, twister
Sample:A cyclone tore up trees and houses.
cynical [5sInIk(E)l] adj. 愤世嫉俗的,讽刺的,冷嘲的
having or showing the attitude or temper of a
cynic; especially :contemptuously
distrustful of human nature and motives
ingenue:sophistication=cynic:trustfulness
清纯少女:世故=愤世嫉俗者:相信 （ 人物及其反面特征）
Synonyms: SARDONIC, ironic, wry
Sample:For some time now,
disinterestedness has been presumed not to exist:the cynical conviction that
everybody has an angle is considered wisdom.
dabble [5dAb(E)l] vi. 玩水,泼溅,涉猎
to work or involve oneself superficially or
intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest
martinet:leniency=dabbler:dedication
严格的人:宽大=业余学者:奉献 （人物及其反面特征）
artlessness:guile=dabbler:dedication
天真:诡计=业余学者:奉献（人物及其反面特征）
dabble<>dedicate/devote
涉猎<>致力/投入于
dabbler<>specialist
初学者<>专家
dabble<>specialize
涉猎<>专门研究
dabbler<>dedicate professional
业余者<>致力的专家
Synonyms: AMATEUR, abecedarian, dilettante,
nonprofessional, smatterer, tyro, uninitiated
Sample:That she seemed to prefer dabbling to
concentrated effort is undeniable; nevertheless, the impressive quality of her
finished paintings suggests that her actual relationship to her art was
anything but- superficial.
daft [dB:ft] adj. 傻的，愚蠢的
SILLY, FOOLISH
daft:saint=??
愚蠢的:圣人=??
daft<>judicious
傻的<>明智的
Synonyms: INSANE, bedlamite, cracked, crazed, crazy,
demented, deranged, mad, unbalanced, unsound
dally [5dAlI] vi. 戏耍,玩弄,赋闲
a:to act playfully; especially :to play amorously
b:to deal lightly:TOY
Synonyms: TRIFLE, coquet, flirt, fool, lead on, string
along, toy, wanton
Sample:Laertes told Ophelia that Hamlet
could only dally with her affections.
damp [dAmp] n. & adj. 潮湿(的)；v. 打湿
MOISTURE,HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS
tint:suffuse=damp:quench
染色于:充满=使潮湿:冷浸 (程度类比)
assuage:sorrow=dampen:ardor
减轻:悲伤=使丧气:热情 （行为及其消除对象）
alleviate:strength= dampen:ardor
减轻:强度=使沮丧:热情
base:prestige=damp:ardor
降低地位:特权=抑制:热情 (动宾关系)
sere<>lush/damp
干枯的<>青葱的/潮湿的
dampen<>scorch
使潮湿<>烧焦
Synonyms: dampish, dank, moist, moisty,
wettish
Sample:While the delegate clearly sought
to dampen the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of
suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of
significance.
damper [5dAmpE(r)] n.起抑制作用的因素, 节气闸, 断音装置
a dulling or deadening influence
damper<>ameliorate
抑制因素<>改进 【注；词性不符】
Sample:Their child is sick, and that puts a
damper on their vacation plans.
dandy [5dAndI] n．花花公子，好打扮的人
a man who gives exaggerated
attention to personal appearance
miser:hoard=dandy:preen=sycophant:fawn=pundit:opinion
吝啬鬼:储藏=花花公子:打扮=马屁精:奉承=学者:主张 (人物及其特征动作)
Synonyms: FOP, Beau Brummel, blood, buck, coxcomb, dude,
exquisite, lounge lizard, macaroni, popinjay
Sample:That man is quite a dandy; he always wears
expensive new clothes.
dank [dANk] adj. 阴湿的
unpleasantly moist or wet
dank:moisture=??
阴湿的:潮湿=?? （同义关系）
Synonyms: DAMP, dampish, moist, moisty,
wettish
Sample:The
walls of the dungeon were dank and slimy.
dapper [5dApE(r)] adj. 衣冠楚楚的；干净的
neat and trim in appearance
dapper:fastidious=??
衣冠楚楚的:挑剔的=?? （人物个性及其表面特征）
indulge:adherent=slovenly:dapper
放纵:信徒=不修边幅的:衣冠楚楚的 （反义关系）【注:对应不工整，词性不符】
dapper<>frowsy
干净的<>肮脏的
unkempt<>dapper
不整洁的<>干净的
slovenly<>dapper
邋遢的<>整齐的
Synonyms: bandbox, doggish, doggy, natty, sassy,
sparkish, spiffy, spruce, sprucy, well-groomed
Sample:In "The Odd Couple," Tony
Randall played Felix Unger, an excessively dapper soul who could not stand to
have a hair out of place.
dappled [5dApl(E)d] adj. 有斑点的,花的
marked with small spots or patches contrasting
with the background
striated:groove=mottled/dappled:spot
有条纹的:刻痕=斑驳的/有斑点的:小点 ( 形容词及其名词)
Synonyms: VARIEGATED, discolor, motley, multicolor,
multicolored, multihued, parti-colored, varicolored, versicolor, versicolored
Sample:The sunlight filtering though the
screens created a dappled effect on the wall.
daredevil [5deEdev(E)l] n. 铤而走险的人, 鲁莽的人
a recklessly bold person
prudence:daredevil=sagacity:simpleton
审慎:鲁莽的人=聪敏:笨蛋 （人物及其反面特征）
daredevil:??=malcontent:dissatisfaction
鲁莽的人:??=不满现状的人:不满意 （人物及其正面特征）
flexibility:spinelessness=courage:daredevilry
适应性:没骨气=勇气:冒失（程度类比）
Synonyms: ADVENTUROUS, adventuresome, audacious, daring,
foolhardy, rash, reckless, temerarious, venturesome, venturous
Sample:The daredevil rode his motorcycle over 15
parked cars.
dart [dB:t] vi. 疾走,突进, 飞奔, 投掷
to move suddenly or rapidly fall
descend:plummet=move:dart
下降:猛然落下=移动:疾驰 （正常与快速）
Synonyms: FLY,
float, sail, scud, shoot, skim
Sample:child
darted out in front of the car.
dastard [5dAstEd] n.懦夫, 胆小的人
a
person who acts treacherously or underhandedly
dastard:craven=??
懦夫:懦夫=??（同义关系）
Synonyms: COWARD,
chicken, craven, funk, funker, poltroon, quitter, yellowbelly
daunt [dC:nt] vt. 使胆怯，使畏缩
to lessen the courage of:COW,
SUBDUE
dauntless:trepidation=footloose:attachment
大胆的:颤抖=松散的:附着 （ 反义关系）
dauntless:intimidate=irrepressible:restrain
大胆的:使害怕=抑制不住的:抑制 （人物特征及其反面被动行为）
cowed<>undaunted
胆怯的<>无畏的
daunt<>embolden/make resolute
使胆怯<>使大胆/使坚定
daunting<>meek
使人畏缩的<>温和的
dauntless<>craven/easily
discouraged/pusillanimous
大胆的<>胆小的/容易气馁的/胆怯的
dauntless<>trepid
大胆的<>惊恐的
daunt<>hearten
使胆怯<>鼓舞
dauntless<>timorous
大胆的<>胆小的
dauntless<>cowardice
大胆<>胆怯
Synonyms: DISMAY, appall, consternate,
horrify, shake
Sample:He was timid and cowardish; always
backing up at daunting situations.
dawdle [5dC:d(E)l] vi. & vt. 游手好闲,混日子
to move lackadaisically
hie<>dawdle
匆忙<>游手好闲
Synonyms: IDLE, bum, diddle-daddle, laze, lazy, loaf,
loiter, loll, lounge
Sample:Inasmuch as we must meet a deadline,
do not dawdle over this work.
deactivate [di:5AktIveIt] vt. 解除动员,复员,使无效,使不活动
to make inactive or ineffective
deactivate<>potentiate
使无效<>赋与力量,加强
Sample:deactivated that military unit and sent
the soldiers home.
deaden [5ded(E)n] vt. 使减弱,消除
to impair in vigor or
sensation:BLUNT
tonic:invigorate=analgesic:deaden
滋补品:使健壮=止痛剂:使减弱
（药物及其作用）
Synonyms: benumb, blunt, desensitize, dull,
mull, numb
Sample:We put soundproofing in the walls to
deaden the noise from the road outside.
deadpan [5dedpAn] adj. 无表情的脸
marked by an impassive matter-of-fact manner,
style, or expression
impudence:brazen=deadpan:impassive
厚颜无耻:厚颜无耻的=无表情的脸:冷漠的 （ 名词及其形容词）
drawl:slow=deadpan:impassive {bicker:unpleasant}
慢慢的说:慢=无表情:消极 {争吵:不愉快}（动作及其正面特征）
insight: discerning=deadpan:impassive
洞察力:洞悉=无表情:消极 {争吵:不愉快}（动作及其正面特征）
Synonyms: EXPRESSIONLESS, blank, empty, inexpressive,
unexpressive, vacant
Sample:We wanted to see how long he could
maintain his deadpan expression.
dearth [d\:W] n. 缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨
an inadequate supply:LACK
plethora<>dearth
过剩<>缺乏
spate<>dearth
大量<>缺乏
copious<>dearth/sparse
丰富的<>稀少的
cornucopia<>dearth
丰富<>少量
Synonyms: ABSENCE, default, defect, lack, miss,
privation, want
Sample:The dearth of skilled labor
compelled the employers to open trade schools.
debark [di:5bB:k] vt.使登陆, 卸载, 使下船
To unload, as from a ship or an
airplane.
debark:ship=dismount:horse {
unload:truck }
使下船:船=使下马:马 {卸货:卡车} 【注:此题争议较大dismount:To get off or down, as from a horse or vehicle.】
Sample:The
passengers debarked at noon.
debase [dI5beIs] v．贬低，贬损
to lower in status, esteem,
quality, or character
debase:value=attenuate:force/intensity
贬低:价值=减弱:力量 （动宾关系）
enervate:vitality=debase:value
使衰弱:活力=贬低:价值 （动宾关系）
debase:value=simplify:complexity
贬低:价值:简化:复杂 （动宾关系）
debase:status=lower:height
降低:地位=降下:高度（动宾关系）
debase:value=constrict:diameter
降低:价值=压缩：直径(动宾关系)
debase:status=chill:temperature
降低:地位=使变冷:温度（动宾关系）
debase:value=fade:soundness
贬低:价值=减弱:稳固 （动宾关系）
debased<>ennobled
贬低的<>使高贵的
deification<>debasement
神化<>贬低
Synonyms: animalize, bastardize, bestialize, brutalize,
canker, corrupt, debauch, demoralize, deprave, pervert, poison, rot, stain,
vitiate, warp
Sample:Do not debase youself by becoming
maudlin.
debilitate [dI5bIlIteIt] vt. 使衰弱
to impair the strength of:ENFEEBLE
attenuate:thickness=debilitate:strength
拉薄:厚度=使衰弱:力量 （动宾关系）
debilitate<>invigorate/fortify
使衰弱<>鼓舞/加强的
Synonyms: WEAKEN, attenuate, blunt, cripple, disable,
enfeeble, sap, unbrace, undermine, unstrengthen
Sample:Overindulgence debilitates
character as well as physical stamina.
debonair [debE5neE(r)] adj.殷勤的, 高兴的, 快活的, 温文尔雅的
LIGHTHEARTED,
NONCHALANT
Sample:The debonair youth
was liked by all who met him, because of his cheerful and obliging manner.
debris [dE5bri:] n.碎片, 残骸
the
remains of something broken down or destroyed
debris:destroy=ash:burn
残骸:破坏=灰烬:烧 （行为及其残余物）
Synonyms: REFUSE, garbage, junk, litter,
offal, riffraff, rubbish, spilth, trash, waste
Sample:A full year after the earthquake in
Mexico City, workers were still carting away the debris.
debunk [di:5bQNk] v．揭穿真相，暴露
to expose the sham or falseness of
debunk<>perpetuate to sham
揭穿真相<>永远的伪装
debunk<>unexposure
暴露<>不揭露
Synonyms: EXPOSE, discover, show up, uncloak, undress,
unmask, unshroud
Sample:Pointing out that he conhsistently
had voted afainst strenghtening antipollution legislation, reporters debunked
the candidate's claim that he was a fervent environmentalist.
debut [5deIbju:] n．初次登台，初次露面
a first appearance
debut:career=embarkment:journey
初次登台:职业生涯=上船, 上飞机:旅行 （过程及其特殊部分）
debut<>farewell performance
初次登台<>告别演出
Sample:As a debutante, she was often
mentioned in the society columns of the newspapers.
decadence [5dekEdEns] n. 衰落，颓废
the process of becoming decadent:the quality
or state of being decadent
decadence<>wholesomeness
颓废<>健康
Synonyms: DETERIORATION, declension, declination,
decline, degeneracy, degeneration, devolution, downfall, downgrade
Sample:The moral decadence of the people
was reflected in the lewd literature of the period.
decant [dI5kAnt] vt. 轻轻倒出,移入其他容器
to
pour out, transfer, or unload as if by pouring
subterfuge:deceive=decant:pour
托词:欺骗=轻轻倒出:倾泻 ( 因果关系 )
Sample:Be
sure to decant this wine before serving it.
decelerate [di:5selEreIt] v.(使)减速
to reduce
the speed of:slow down
retrench:expense=decelerate:speed
节省:开支=减速:速度 (
行为及其减轻对象)
attenuate:force=decelerate:speed
减弱:力量=减速:速度 （动宾关系）
Synonyms: DELAY, bog (down), detain, embog, hang up, mire,
retard, set back, slacken, slow (up or down)
Sample:Although
sales have continued to increase since last April, unfortunately the rate of
increase has decelerated.
decibel [5desIbel] n. 分贝（音量的单位）
a unit for expressing the relative intensity
of sounds on a scale from zero for the average least perceptible sound to about
130 for the average pain level
decibel:sound=volt:electricity=watt:power=lumen:light
分贝:声音=伏:电流=瓦:功率=流明:亮度 （事物及其衡量单位）
Sample:A sound level of 90 decibels is extremely
loud.
decipher [dI`saIfE(r)] vt. 破解,解释
a:to make out the meaning of despite
indistinctness or obscurity
b:to interpret the meaning of
legible:decipher=??
清晰的:解释=??（行为及其作用结果）
decipher:hieroglyph=separate:component
破解:象形文字=分离:组分
（动宾关系）
Synonyms: DECODE, break, crack, cryptanalyze,
decrypt
Sample:I could
not decipher the doctor's handwriting.
decode [di:5kEJd] vt. 解码,译解
to convert (as a coded message)
into intelligible form
tacit:infer=encoded:decode
默许的:推断=加密的:解码 （事物特征及其必须手段）
Synonyms: break, crack, cryptanalyze, decipher, decrypt
Sample:Lacking his code book, the spy was
unable to decode the message sent to him in cipher.
decorum [dI5kC:rEm] n.礼仪
propriety and good taste in conduct
or appearance
miscalculation:judgment=gaffe:decorum
错误的判断:裁判=失态:礼仪
（行为及其反面）
raffish:decorum=merciless:leniency
无赖卑鄙的:礼貌=无怜悯心的:宽大的 （反义关系）
decorum<>impropriety
礼仪<>不适当
indecorous<>proper
不合礼节的<>适当的
mangy<>decorous
低贱的<>有礼貌的
Synonyms: decency, dignity, etiquette,
propriety, seemliness
Sample:Many philosophers agree that the
verbal aggression of profanity in certain radical newspapers is not trivial or
childish, but an assault on decorum essential to the revolutionaries purpose.
decrepit [dI5krepIt] adj. 衰老的，破旧的
wasted and weakened by or as if by
the infirmities of old age
decrepit<>vigorous
衰老的<>健壮的
decrepit<>sturdy
衰老的<>健壮的
decrepit<>sound
衰老的<>健康的
decrepit<>robust
衰老的<>健壮的
decrepid<>hale
衰老的<>强壮的
Synonyms: WEAK, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, infirm,
insubstantial, unsound, unsubstantial, weakly
Sample:I was unprepared for the state of
decrepitude in which I had found my old friend; he seemed to have aged twenty
years in six months.
dedication [dedI5keIF(E)n] n. 奉献,致力,献辞
a devoting or setting aside for a
particular purpose
bigot:dedication=rage:anger
顽固的人:致力=暴怒:生气 （人物及其正面特征）
martinet:leniency=dabbler:dedication
严格的人:宽大=业余学者:奉献 （人物及其反面特征）
zeal:dedication=mesmerism:interest
热衷:奉献=着迷:兴趣 (程度类比)
artlessness:guile=dabbler:dedication
天真:诡计=业余学者:奉献（人物及其反面特征）
dabble<>dedicate/devote
涉猎<>致力/致力
dabbler<>dedicate professional
业余者<>致力的专家
Synonyms: DEVOTE, consecrate, hallow
Sample:Let us memorialize his great
contribution by dedicating this library in his honor.
default [dI5fC:lt] n. & v. 拖欠，违约，欠缺，默认，缺省
a failure to pay financial debts
default:pay=yield:resist
拖欠:支付=屈服:坚持 ( 反义关系)
Synonyms: FAILURE, delinquency, dereliction, neglect,
oversight
Sample:As a result of her husband's
failure to appear in court, she was granted a divorce by default.
deference [5defErEns] n. 敬意，尊重
respect and esteem due a superior or an
elder; also:affected or
ingratiating regard for another's wishes
defer:leader=admire:hero
尊重:领导=赞美:英雄 （人物及其特征动作（被动））
deferential:offend=scornful:respect
尊重的:冒犯=轻蔑的:尊敬 （动作及其反面特征）
acquiesce:yield={capitulate:categorical}
默许:同意=有条件投降:无条件的 【词性不符，关系不明】
frugal:penurious=deference:sycophant
节俭的:吝啬的=尊重的:奉承的 （反义关系）
emulation:exemplar=deference:authority
效法:榜样=尊重:权威 （动宾关系）
maudlin:sentimental=obsequious:deferential
感情脆弱的:多愁善感的=谄媚的:尊敬的（褒贬程度类比）
arrogance:defer=lassitude:stir
傲慢:服从=疲倦的:激起 （人物特征及其反面行为）
exemplary:imitation=reverent:deference
可仿效的:模仿=虔诚的:尊重 （因果关系）
restless:serenity=deferential:insolent
不平静的:平静=恭谨的:无礼(形容词和名词的反义关系)
defer:leade=admire:hero
尊重:领导=赞美:英雄 （人物及其特征被动行为）
languid:stir=arrogant:defer
无精打采的:刺激=傲慢的:服从（人物特征及其反面行为）
impudent<>deferential/respectful
无礼的<>尊重的/尊敬的
deferential<>imperious
尊重的<>专横的
impudent<>reverence/deference
无理的<>尊重
Synonyms: HONOR, homage, obeisance, reverence
Sample:The deference with which the French
aristocracy greeted the middle-class Rousseau was all the more remarkable
because he showed so little respect for them.