list 6
cognizant --- convert
cognizant [5kR^nIzEnt]
adj. 已认识,既知道,晓得
knowledgeable of something
especially through personal experience
incognizance:knowledgeable=penury:wealthy
不知觉:有知识的=穷困:富裕的 （反面特征关系）
cognizant<>oblivious/ unaware
认知的<>忘却的
Synonyms: AWARE, alive, apprehensive, au courant, awake,
conscious, knowing, sensible, sentient, witting
Sample:The
pressure of populating on available resources is the key to understanding
history; consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of
demographic facts is intrinsically flawed.
colander [5kQlEndE(r)] n. 滤器，漏勺
a perforated utensil for washing or draining
food
centrifuge:separate=colander:drain
离心机:分离=漏勺:排水 （物品及其作用关系）
Sample:Before
serving the spaghetti, place it in a colander to drain it.
collapse [kE5lAps] vt.使倒塌 vi. n.倒塌
to fall or shrink
together abruptly and completely
collapse:implode=divide:sunder
倒塌:向内倒塌=分开:切开 （因果关系）
collapse:volume=attenuate:thickness
减弱:音量=变薄:厚度 （动宾关系）
Synonyms: bend, break, cave, crumple, fold up, yield
Sample:While
the delegate clearly sought to dampen the optimism that has emerged recently,
she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might
produce nothing of significance.
collude [kE5lju:d] v. 串通，共谋
CONSPIRE, PLOT
collude:cooperate=smuggle:convey
串通:合作=走私:运送 （非法和正常）
collude:cooperate=stalk:follow
串通:合作=暗中追踪:跟随 （非法和正常）
collude:cooperate=eavesdrop:listen
串通:合作=偷听:听（非法和正常）
Synonyms: PLOT, cogitate, connive,
conspire, contrive, devise, intrigue, machinate, scheme (out)
colonnade [kRlE5neId]
n. 柱廊
a series of columns set at regular
intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structure
colonnade:pillar=queue:person
柱廊:柱子=队列:人员 （事物及其链状排列）
colossal [kE5lRs(E)l] adj.巨大的, 庞大的
of a bulk, extent,
power, or effect approaching or suggesting the stupendous or incredible
antediluvian:age=colossal:size
古老的:年龄=巨大的:尺寸 （事物及其修饰）
Synonyms: HUGE, behemothic, cyclopean,
elephantine, gargantuan, gigantic, mammoth, monstrous, titanic, vast
Sample: Radio City Music
Hall has a colossal stage.
coma [5kEJmE] n. 昏迷状态
a state of profound unconsciousness
caused by disease, injury, or poison
coma:unconsciousness=delirium:confusion
昏迷:无意识=狂乱:困惑 （种属关系）
Synonyms: FAINT, blackout, swoon, syncope
Sample:If the
doctor's prognosis is correct, the patient will be in a coma for at least
twenty-four hours.
combustible
[kEm5bQstIb(E)l] adj. 易燃的,燃烧性的,易动激情的
capable of combustion
impervious:friable=nonflammable:combustible
不会损害的:脆弱的=不可燃的:易燃烧的 （反面特征）
Sample:After the recent outbreak of
fires in private homes, the fire commissioner ordered that all combustible
materials be kept in safe containers.
comely [5kQmlI] n. 清秀,美丽,合宜
having a pleasing
appearance:not homely or plain
comeliness<>unattractiveness
美丽的<>不吸引人的
Synonyms: BEAUTIFUL, attractive, beauteous, bonny, fair,
good-looking, handsome, lovely, pretty, pulchritudinous
Sample:I would
rather have a poor and comely wife than a rich and homely one.
comity [5kRmItI] n.礼让, 礼仪, 团结, 联合
friendly
social atmosphere:social harmony
comity<>enmity
礼仪<>敌意
Synonyms: GOODWILL, amity, benevolence, friendliness, friendship, kindliness
Sample:A spirit of comity should exist among nations.
commencement [5kE5mensmEnt] n. 开始
an act, instance, or
time of beginning
cessation<>commencement
停止<>开始
cease<>inaugurate/commencement
停止<>开辟/开始
Synonyms: BEGINNING, alpha, birth, dawn, dawning, genesis, onset,
opening, outset, outstart
Sample:Although
the commencement speaker had some good things to say, we had to laugh at his
pomposity and general air of parading his own dignity.
commencement [5kE5mensmEnt] n. (大学的)毕业典礼
the ceremonies or the
day for conferring degrees or diplomas
commencement<>matriculation
毕业典礼<>入学考试
Sample:Her
exemplary behavior was praised at commencement.
commend [kE5mend]vt. 委托给,推荐,嘉奖
to mention with approbation:PRAISE
berate<>commend
严厉指责<>称赞
execrable<>commendable/laudable
可憎恨的<>值得表扬的/值得称赞的
deplore<>commend
指责<>赞扬
Sample:The
young woman was so sedulous that she received a commendation for her hard work.
commensurate [kE5menFErEt] adj. 同样大小的，相称的
equal in measure or
extent:COEXTENSIVE
preponderant<>commensurate
占有优势的<>相当的
tantamount<>incommensurate
等价的<>不相称的
parity<>uncommensurateness
平等<>不平衡
Sample:The
powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager, were
commensurate with their few and simple desires.
commercial [kE5m\:F(E)l] n. 广告节目 adj.商业的,
贸易的
an advertisement
broadcast on radio or television
advertising:commercial=publishing:journal
广告的:广告=出版的:定期出版物 （种属关系）
Sample:Television
programs are often interrupted by commercials.
commingle [kC5miN^l] v.混合
to combine (funds or properties)
into a common fund or stock
commingle<>separate
混合<>分离
Synonyms：MIX, comingle, commix, compound, immingle,
immix, intermingle, intermix, merge, mingle
commitment [kE5mItmEnt]
n. 委托,实行,承担义务,赞助
an engagement to assume a financial
obligation at a future date
crime:misdemeanor=commitment:decision
罪行:轻罪=许诺:决定 （程度关系）
dilettante:commitment=nonentity:consequence
业余爱好者:义务=无足轻重者:重要性 （反义关系）
disaffected:contentment=dubious:commitment/conviction
不满的:满意=不确定的:义务/确信 （反义关系）
ambivalent<>commitment
不定的<>确定的
noncommittal<>confirm
不定的<>确定
Sample:The
technical know-how, if not the political commitment appears already at hand to
feed the world's exploding population and so to eradicate at last the ancient
scourges of malnutrition and famine.
committed [kE5mItId] adj. 受约束的,受束缚的 献身于的,致力于
OBLIGATE, BIND
profligate:solvent=mercurial:committed
挥霍的:有偿付能力的=多变的:受束缚的（反义关系）
Sample:A
radical committed to social change, Reed had no patience with the conservative
views prevalent in the America of his day.
commodious [ kE5mEudiEs ] adj.宽敞的
comfortably or conveniently spacious:ROOMY
taut:commodious=extraordinary:purlieu
紧张的:宽敞的=非凡的:常有的 （反义关系）
commodious<>constricted/cramped
宽敞的<>压缩的/狭促的
commodious<>constringed
宽敞的<>压缩的
Synonyms: SPACIOUS, ample, capacious, roomy, wide
Sample:In
their incommodious quarters, they had to improvise for closet space.
commonsense [9kCmEn`sens] adj. 具有常识的
sound and prudent but
often unsophisticated judgment
preposterous<>commonsensical
荒谬的<>符合常识的
commotion [kE5mEJF(E)n]
n.骚动，动乱
an agitated disturbance:TO-DO
squall:commotion=flash:illumination
小骚乱:骚动=闪光:照明 （程度关系）
Sample:After
the commotion and excitement of the city, I appreciate the tranquillity of
these fields and forests.
compendium [kEm5pendIEm] n. 简要，概略
a brief summary of a larger work or
of a field of knowledge:ABSTRACT
compendium:summary=anthology:collection
纲要:摘要=文选:选集 （种属关系）
encyclopedia:compendious=abstract:concise
{pertinacity:changeable}{recapitulation:lengthy}
百科全书:全面的=摘要:简短的 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: digest, pandect, sketch, survey, syllabus
Sample:Because
the report contained much more information than the reviewers needed to see,
the author was asked to submit a compendium instead.
compensate [5kRmpenseIt]
vt.vi. 偿还,补偿,付报酬
to offset an error,
defect, or undesired effect
Synonyms: atone (for), balance, counterbalance, counterpoise,
countervail, make up, offset, outweigh, redeem, set off
Sample:In
small farming communities, accident victims rarely sue or demand
compensation:transforming a personal injury into a claim against someone else
is viewed as an attempt to elude responsibility for one's own actions.
complacency [kEm5pleIsEnsI] n. 满足, 安心
COMPLACENCE; especially :self-satisfaction accompanied by unawareness of actual dangers or deficiencies
complacency/complacence<>anxiety
满足<>渴望
Synonyms: CONCEIT, amour propre, complacence, conceitedness, consequence, egoism, egotism, narcissism, pride, vainglory
Sample:The accusations we bring against
others should bewarnings to ourselves; they should not justify complacency and
easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.
complaisance [kEm5pleIzEns] n. 彬彬有礼,殷勤,柔顺
disposition to please
or comply:AFFABILITY
complaisance:intractable=adeptness:maladroit
柔顺:难处理的=熟练:不灵巧的 （反面特征关系）
complaisance<>obstinacy
柔顺<>固执
complaisance<>churlishness
彬彬有礼<>粗野
Sample:Their
air of cheerful self-sacrifice and endless complaisance won them undeserved
praise, for their seeming gallantry was wholly motivated by a craven wish to
avoid conflict of any sort.
compliant [kEm5plaIEnt]
adj. 顺从的,适应的
ready or disposed to
comply:SUBMISSIVE
compliant:servile=trusting:gullible
顺从的:奴性的=信赖的:轻信的 （褒贬程度类比）
obsequious:fawn=compliant:yield
奉承的:奉承=顺从的:顺从 （形容词和动词同义关系）
Sample:The
design for the new school had to be in compliance with the local building code.
compliment [5kRmplIment] vt. 称赞,褒扬,恭维
expressing or
containing a compliment
apologize:contrite=compliment:impressed
道歉:后悔的=称赞:留下好印象的 （动作表达感情关系）
vituperative<>complimentary
责骂的<>称赞的
Synonyms: COMMEND, acclaim, applaud, hail, kudize, praise,
recommend
Sample:Complimented
on her appearance, Stella self-consciously simpered.
comply [kEm5plaI] vi. 顺从,答应
to conform or adapt one's actions
to another's wishes, to a rule, or to necessity
mandatory:comply=forbidden:abstain
强制的:答应=禁止的:放弃 （主被动关系）
Synonyms: OBEY, conform, follow, keep, mind, observe
Sample:Nothing
that few employees showed any enthusiasm for complying with the corporation's
new safety regulations, Peterson was forced to conclude that acceptance of the
regulations would be grudging, at best.
composed [kEm5pEuzd] adj. 镇静的,沉着的
free from
agitation:CALM; especially
:SELF-POSSESSED
distraught<>composed
发狂的<>镇静的
discombobulate<>compose
扰乱<>调解
Synonyms: COOL, collected,
disimpassioned, imperturbable, nonchalant, unflappable, unruffled
Sample:We must
comply with the terms of the covenant.
compress [kEm5pres] vt. 压缩,压榨
to reduce in size or
volume as if by squeezing
constrict:diameter＝compress:size
收缩:直径 = 压缩 :尺寸（减少关系）
compression<>increase in
volume
压缩<>数量增加
distention<>compression
膨胀<>压缩
Sample:She
compressed the package under her arm.
compromise [5kRmprEmaIz] n. 妥协,折衷,折衷案,和解 v.妥协,
折衷
to come to agreement by
mutual concession
mediation:compromise=prosecution:conviction
调停:折衷=起诉:定罪 （动作及其目的关系）
implacable:compromise=honest:swindle
不缓和的:折衷=诚实的:诈骗 （反面特征关系）
intransigent<>open to
compromise
非妥协性的<>乐于妥协
polemical<>compromising
好争论的<>妥协的
tenable<>unsupportable
可维持的<>承受不了的
temporize<>unwilling to
compromise
见风使舵<>不愿意妥协
Sample:Schlesinger has recently
assumed a conciliatory attitude that is not commended. by his colleagues, who
continue to disparage compromise.
compromise [5kRmprEmaIz] v. 危及...的安全, 危害；损害（名誉）
to cause
the impairment of
Synonyms: ENDANGER, hazard, imperil, jeopard, jeopardize,
jeopardy, menace, peril, risk
Sample: The
academic education offered to university students is essential and must not be
compromised, but that does not mean universities should neglect the
extracurricular, yet still important, aspects of university life.
compunction [kEm5pQNkF(E)n] n. 良心的责备,后悔,悔恨
anxiety arising from
awareness of guilt
compunction<>absence of misgiving { animosity }
后悔<>没有疑虑
Synonyms: PENITENCE, attrition, contriteness, contrition,
penance, penitency, remorse, repentance, rue, ruth
Sample:The judge was especially severe in this sentencing because he felt that the criminal had shown no compunction for his heinous crime.
concatenate [kEn5kAtIneIt] v. 连结，连锁
to link together in a
series or chain
concatenate<>separate
连结<>分开
Synonyms: INTEGRATE, articulate
Sample:It is
difficult to understand how these events could concatenate as they did without
outside assistance.
concede [kEn5si:d] v. 承认（为正确），让步
to grant as a right or
privilege
concede<>refuse to grant
承认<>拒绝承认
Synonyms: ACKNOWLEDGE, admit, allow, avow, confess, fess (up),
grant, let on, own, own up
Sample:While
Parker is very outspoken on issues she cares about, she is not fanatical; she
concedes the strength of opposing arguments when they expose weaknesses
inherent in her own.
concentrate [5kRnsEntreIt] v. 集中,专心,浓缩
to bring or direct toward a common center or objective:FOCUS
dilute:concentrated=??
稀释:浓缩的=??
concentrate<>dilute solution
浓缩<>稀释的溶液
deploy<>concentrate
展开<>集中
distend<>concentrate
分散<>凝聚
Sample:For the
two weeks before the examination, the student immureed himself in his room and
concentrated upon his studies.
concerted [kEn5s\:tId]
adj. 商议好的,协定的,预定的
mutually contrived or
agreed on
concerted<>individually
devised
协定的<>个人设计的
Sample:The
girl scouts in the troop made a concerted effort to raise funds for their
annual outing, and emitted a concerted sigh when their leader announced that
they had reached their goal.
concerto [kEn5tFeEtEJ] n. 协奏曲
a piece for one or more soloists
and orchestra with three contrasting movements
Sample:We
listened to a wonderful violin concerto.
concession [kEn5seFEn] n. 让步
something, such as a point
previously claimed in argument, that is later conceded
concession<>aggress
让步<>侵犯
Synonyms： ALLOWANCE
Sample: Before
they could reach an agreement, both sides had to make certain concessions.
conciliate [kEn5sIlIeIt]
v. 安抚，调和
APPEASE:to cause to
subside:ALLAY especially :to buy
off (an aggressor) by concessions usually at the sacrifice of principles
sop:conciliatory=subsidy:supportive
安抚物:安抚的=补助金:支援性的 （事物及其正面特征）
conciliate<>vex
安抚<>使恼怒
vex<>conciliation
恼怒<>安抚
contentious<>conciliatory
争吵的<>调和的
conciliate<>nettle
安抚<>激怒
discontent<>conciliate
不满的<>调和的
rile<>conciliate
激怒<>安慰
belligerent<>conciliatory
好战的<>调和的
bellicose<>conciliatory
好战的◇调和的
Synonyms: PACIFY, appease, assuage, mollify, placate, propitiate,
sweeten
Sample:Schlesinger
has recently assumed a conciliatory atti-tude that is not commended. by his
colleagues, who continue to disparage compromise.
concise [kEn5saIs] adj. 简明的; 简洁的
marked by brevity of expression or
statement:free from all elaboration and superfluous detail
synopsis:conciseness=distillate:purity
大纲:简明=蒸馏物:纯净 （正面特征关系）
Synonyms: breviloquent, brief, compendiary, compendious, curt,
laconic, short, short and sweet, succinct, summary, terse
Sample:When
you define a new word, be concise; the shorter the definition, the easier it is
to remember.
concord [5kRNkC:d]n．和睦，公约
a state of
agreement:HARMONY
inconsonant:concord=scatter:overlap
不协调的:一致的=分散的:重叠的 （反义关系）
concord<>dissension
同意<>纠纷
dissonance<>concord
不一致<>一致
schism<>concord
分裂<>一致
concord<>enmity/rancor
和睦<>敌意/怨恨
discrepancy<>concord
分散<>和睦
Sample:Watching
Tweediedum and Tweedledee battle, Alice wondered why the two brothers could not
manage to life in concord.
concur [kEn5k\:(r)] vi. 意见相同,一致,互助
to act together to a
common end or single effect
concur<>naysay
一致<>反对
concur<>dissent
同意<>不同意
Synonyms: AGREE, coincide, concert, concur,
harmonize
Sample:Did you concur with
the decision of the court or did you find it unfair?
condemn [kEn5dem] vt. 判刑,责备,谴责,声讨,处刑
to declare to be reprehensible,
wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation
bristle:anger=vacillate:unresolution { condone:mercy} {condemn:warning}
发怒:愤怒=忧郁不定:不坚决{ 赦免:仁慈} {谴责:警告}（行为及其表达的含义）
pliable:influenced=censorious:condemn
易受影响的:影响=受批判的:责备 ( 人物特征及其正面被动)
countenance<>condemn
支持<>谴责
exaltation<>condemnation
提升<>指责
extol<>condemn/impugn/detract
赞扬<>指责/攻击/贬低
panegyric<>condemnation
赞扬<>谴责
condemn<>embrace
谴责<>拥护，支持
Synonyms: CRITICIZE, blame, censure,
denounce, denunciate, knock, rap, reprehend, reprobate, skin
Sample:The
criminal was condemned to be flayed alive.
condescending [kRndI5sendIN] adj. 谦逊的,故意屈尊的,叫人领情似的
showing or
characterized by condescension:PATRONIZING
condescending:patronize=obsequious:fawn
叫人领情的:以恩人自居=奉承的:奉承 （行为及其表达的含义）
patronize:condescension=deride:mockery
以恩人自居:叫人领情的=嘲笑:嘲弄的 （行为及其表达的含义）
patronizing:condescending=peeved:annoyed
资助的:使领情的=气恼的:恼怒的 （程度类比）
Sample:The action
and charades in a melodrama can be so immediately classified that all observers
can hiss the villain with an air of smug but enjoyable condescension.
condign [kEn5daIn] adj. 相当的,适宜的
deserved, appropriate
condign<>undeserved/unmerited
适宜的<>不应得的/不配的
Synonyms: JUST, appropriate, deserved,
due, merited, requisite, rhadamanthine, right, rightful, suitable
Sample:The
public approved the condign punishment for the crime.
condole [kEn5dEJl] v. 表达同情或悲伤
to express sympathetic sorrow
condolence:sympathy/compassion=gibe:derision
哀悼:同情=嘲笑:嘲笑 （行为及其所表达内容）
Sample:He apologized for his belated note of condolence to the widow of his friend and explained that he had just learned of her husband's untimely death.
condone [kEn5dEJn] vt. 赦,宽恕
to pardon or overlook
voluntarily; especially :to treat
as if trivial, harmless, or of no importance
bristle:anger=vacillate:unresolution { condone:mercy} {condemn:warning}
发怒:愤怒=忧郁不定:不坚决{ 赦免:仁慈} {谴责:警告}
（行为及其表达情感）
condone<>denounce
宽恕<>公开谴责
condone<>exact
宽恕<>强求
Synonyms: excuse pardon forgive
Sample:Unlike
Widow Douglass, who condoned Huck's minor offenses, Miss Watson did nothing but
scold.
conducive [kEn5duBsIv] adj.有助于…的
tending to promote or
assist
conducive:foment=tonic:invigorate
引起…的:煽动=使有活力的:活力 (形容词与动词的同义关系)
Sample:The
state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, a reciprocity between
rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are conducive to
the maintenance of community.
confess [kEn5fes] v. 承认,坦白,忏悔,供认
to disclose one's faults; specifically :to unburden one's sins or
the state of one's conscience to God or to a priest
recantation:error=confession:crime
公开认错:错误=招供:罪行（动宾关系）
testimonial:appreciation=confession:culpability
推荐信:欣赏=招供:有罪 (事物及其表达的含义)
Synonyms: ACKNOWLEDGE, admit, allow, avow,
concede, fess (up), grant, let on, own, own up
Sample:The bank teller
confessed his embezzlement of the funds.
confidant [kRnfI5dEnt] n. 心腹朋友,知己
one to whom secrets are
entrusted
Sample:He had
no confidants with whom he could discuss his problems at home.
confident [5kRnfIdEnt] adj. 有信心的,有把握的
characterized by
assurance; especially
:SELF-RELIANT
confident:timid=open:shy
有信心的:胆小的=外向的:害羞的
(反义关系)
confidence:arrogant=inquiry:interrogatory
自信:傲慢的=调查:质问的 (程度类比)
Synonyms: assured, sanguine, secure, self-assured,
self-confident, undoubtful
Sample:I know I am
fallible, but I feel confident that I am right this time.
confine [5kRnfaIn] vt. 限制,闭居,禁闭
something that
restrains
loose:confinement=disabuse:misconception
解放:禁闭=解惑:误解 （动作及其消除结果的关系）
Synonyms: LIMIT, bar, circumscribe, delimit, delimitate, prelimit,
restrict
Sample:How
could words, confined as they individually are to certain precise meanings
specified in a dictionary, eventually come, when combined in groups, to create
obscurity and actually to prevent thought from being communicable?
confluence [5kRnflJEns] n.汇合
a coming or flowing together,
meeting, or gathering at one point
confluence<>divergence
汇合<>分歧
Synonyms: CONCOURSE, concursion, gathering, junction, meeting
Sample:They
built the city at the confluence of two rivers.
conform [kEn5fC:m] vt.使遵守 vi.一致
to be similar or identical; also :to be in agreement or harmony
incongruent:conform=recalcitrant:obey
不协调的:使一致=反抗的:服从
（形容词与动词的反义关系）
heretic:unconformity=generous:liberality { authority:superiority }
异端:不服从=慷慨的:大方 { 权威:优越性 }（人物及其正面特征）
dissent<>conform
不同意<>使顺从
Synonyms: ADAPT, accommodate, adjust, fit, quadrate, reconcile, square,
suit, tailor, tailor-make
Sample:In
conformity with our rules and regulations, I am calling a meeting of our
organization.
confront [kEn5frQnt] vt. 使面对,对抗,比较,使对质
to face especially in
challenge:OPPOSE
craven:confront=honest:deceive
怯懦的:使面对=诚实的:欺骗
（形容词与动词的反义关系）
circumvent<>confront
智取<>对抗
Synonyms: affront, encounter, face, meet
Sample:Despite the
contingencies of time, space, and history, human societies the world over have
confronted the same existential problems and have come to remarkably similar
solutions, differing only in superficial details.
congeal [kEn5dVi:l] v. (使)冻结, (使)凝结
to make viscid or
curdled:COAGULATE
astringent:pucker=coagulant:congeal
收缩剂:收缩=凝结剂:凝结（药剂及其作用）
congeal<>melt/disintegrated
凝固<>熔化
congeal<>fail to solidify
凝固<>不能凝固
Synonyms: COAGULATE, clot, gel, gelate
Sample:His blood congealed
in his veins as he saw the dread monster rush toward him.
congenial [kEn5dVi:nIEl] adj. 同性质的,适意的,趣味相同的
OCIABLE, GENIAL
congenial:bonhomie
温和的:温和 （同义关系）
dour<>congenial/genial
严厉的<>温和的
Synonyms: CONSONANT , agreeable, compatible, congruous,
consistent, sympathetic
Sample:Even those siblings
whose childhood was dominated by familial feuding and intense rivalry for their
parents' affection can nevertheless develop congenial and even intimate
relationships with each other in their adult lives.
congruent [5kRN^rJEnt] adj. 适合的,一致的,符合的,全等的
superposable so as to
be coincident throughout
congruent:dimension=coeval:age
全等的:尺寸=同时代的:时代 （直接修饰）
incongruent:conform=recalcitrant:obey
不协调的:使一致=反抗的:遵守 （形容词与动词的反义关系）
clandestine:secrecy=harmony:congruity
秘密的:秘密=一致的:一致(同义关系)
variance<>congruity
不一致<>一致
congruence<>disagreeable
适合的<>令人厌恶的 【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: harmonious ,
corresponding
Sample:The author did not see the incongruity
inherent in her scathing criticism of a writing style so similar to her own.
conjecture [kEn5dVektFE(r)] n./v. 推测，臆测
inference from
defective or presumptive evidence
conjecture<>restrain from the
speculation
推测<>不准猜测
conjecture<>fact
（基于）猜测<>（基于）事实
Synonyms: guess, presume, pretend,
suppose, surmise, think
Sample:The development of
containers, possibly made from bark or the skins of animals, although this is a
matter of conjecture, allowed the extensive sharing of forage foods in
prehistoric human societies.
connive [kE5naIv] vi.默许, 纵容, 暗中合作, 密谋策划
to cooperate secretly or have a
secret understanding
connive:cooperate=pry:watch
暗中合作:合作=窥探:注视 （特殊行为及其正常状态）
uncouth:churl=conspiratorial:conniver
粗俗的:粗野的人=阴谋的:阴谋家 (人物及其正面特征)
Synonyms: PLOT, cogitate, collude, conspire, contrive, devise,
intrigue, machinate, scheme (out)
Sample:With
the connivance of his friends, he plotted to embarrass the teacher.
connoisseur [kRnE5s\:(r)] n.
鉴赏家，行家
EXPERT; especially :one who understands the details, technique, or
principles of an art and is competent to act as a critical judge
connoisseur:art=gourmet:cuisine
鉴识家:艺术=美食家:烹饪 （人及其鉴赏对象）
Synonyms: aesthete, cognoscente, dilettante
Sample:She had developed into a
connoisseur of fine china.
conquest [5kRnkwest] n. 战胜,征服,战利品
the act or process of
conquering
inexorable:dissuasion=indomitable:conquest
不屈不挠的:劝阻=不屈服的:征服 （难以关系）
Synonyms: VICTORY, triumph, win
Sample:In his conquest of
Europe, Hitler was aided by the quislings who betrayed their own people and
served in the puppet governments established by the Nazis.
conscientious [kRnFI5enFEs] adj. 有责任心的,负责的,本着良心的
Thorough and assiduous
conscientious<>careless
负责的<>粗心的
conscientious<>remiss
负责的<>疏忽的
Synonyms: UPRIGHT , honest, honorable, just, right, scrupulous, true
Sample:She does all her
work in a conscientious manner.
consensus [kEn5sensEs] n. 一致,交感,团结
group solidarity in
sentiment and belief
consensus:factionalism=clarity:confusion
团结:党派之争=澄清:混乱 （消除关系）
law:criminality=consensus:factionalism {lesson:falsehood}
法律:犯罪=团结:党派之争 （防止关系）【注:lesson:falsehood错误，"经验教训"与".谬误,
不真实, 谎言, 虚假" 无必然关系. falsehood无“失败,错误”之意】
expedition:foot dragging=consensus:factionalism
迅速:缓慢=一致意见:党派之争 （反义关系）
schism:consensus=interruption:continuity
分裂:一致意见=中断:连续性 （反义关系）
Synonyms: consent , unison , accord , agreement
Sample:Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such divergent assumptions.
conservative [kEn5s\:vEtIv] adj.保守的 n.保守的人
tending or disposed to maintain
existing views, conditions, or institutions:TRADITIONAL
bigoted:advice=conservative:change
固执己见的:忠告=保守的:变化 （前者拒绝后者）
contumacious:authority=reactionary/hidebound/conservative:change/innovation/novelty
顽固的:权威=反动的/死板的/保守的:变化/创新/创新 （事物及其发面特征）
hidebound:conservative=peeved:annoyed
死板的:保守的=气恼的:苦恼的 （程度类比）
hidebound:conservative=manic:interested/excited
{peeved:annoyed }
死板的:保守的=疯狂的:感兴趣的/激动的 {怨恨的:恼怒的}（程度类比）
diehard:conservative=manic:excitement
顽固的人:保守派=狂燥者:兴奋（人物及其正面特征）
stodgy:conservative=mawkish:sentimental
古板的:保守的=过份敏感的:敏感的（褒贬程度类比）
conserve<>exhaust
保存<>耗尽
Synonyms: die-hard, fogyish, old-line,
orthodox, reactionary, right, tory, traditionalistic
Sample:The
conservative father viewed his daughter's radical boyfriend with
disapprobation.
conservatory [kEn5s\:vEtrI] n．温室，音乐学院 adj. 保存性的,有保存力的
a school specializing
in one of the fine arts
conservatory:music=seminary:theology=observatory:astronomy
音乐学院:音乐=神学院:神学=天文台:天文学 （场所及其研究学科）
Sample:A
gifted violinist, Marya was selected to study at the conservatory.
conserve [5kRns\:v] n. 蜜饯,果酱 vt.
保存,保全
to keep in a safe or
sound state
conserve<>waste/squander/exhaust
保存<>浪费
Synonyms: preserve , save ,maintain
Sample:In winter,
some people conserve energy by lowering the heat at night.
considerable [kEn5sIdErEb(E)l] adj. 相当的,可观的,重要的
worth
consideration:SIGNIFICANT
restive:calmness=piddling:considerable
不安静的:平静=琐屑的:重要的 （反义关系）
scant<>considerable
少量的<>大量的
Synonyms: IMPORTANT, big,
consequential, material, meaningful, momentous, significant, substantial,
weighty
Sample:Islamic
law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law—notwithstanding，of
course，a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the
other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned—that
its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible
legal phenomena.
consign [kEn5saIn] vt.托运, 委托
to give, transfer, or
deliver into the hands or control of another; also :to commit especially to a final destination or fate
consignment:invoice=??
委托:发货单=??
Synonyms: COMMIT , commend, confide, entrust,
hand over, relegate, turn over
Sample:The
court consigned the child to her paternal grandmother's care.
console [5kRnsEJl] vt. 安慰,藉慰
to alleviate the grief,
sense of loss, or trouble of:COMFORT
embarrass:shame=console:comfort
使困窘:使羞愧=藉慰:安慰 （行为及其结果）
disturb:serenity
= console:grief
扰乱:平静=安慰:悲伤 （行为及其结果）
alleviate:intensity=console:grief
减轻:强度=安慰:悲痛 （动宾关系）
Synonyms: COMFORT, buck up,
cheer, solace, upraise
Sample:When
her father died, Marius did his best to console Cosette.
consolidate [kEn5sRlIdeIt] vt. 巩固,使联合,统一
to join together into
one whole:UNITE
consolidation<>fragmentation
统一<>分裂
consolidate<>dissolve
使联合<>解散
Synonyms: UNIFY , compact, concentrate, integrate
Sample:I had so
many bank accounts at different banks that I consolidated them all into one.
consonance [5kRnsEnEns] n. 一致,调和,和音
harmony or agreement
among components
inconsonant:concord=scatter:overlap
不协调的:一致的=分散的:重叠的 （反义关系）
consonant<>dissonant
调和<>不协调
consonant<>discrepant
调和<>不一致的
Synonyms: HARMONY, accord, agreement, chime, concord,
concordance, tune
Sample:Her agitation seemed
out of consonance with her usual calm.
conspicuous [kEn5spIkjJEs] adj．显著的，显而易见的
obvious to the eye or
mind
authoritative:acceptance=conspicuous:attention
权威的:接受=显眼的:注意 （因果关系）
conspicuous:see=transparent:understand
明显的:看:易明了的:了解 （因果关系）
hermitage:secluded=landmark:conspicuous
隐居处:隐退的:路标:明显的 （事物及其正面特征）
conspicuous:sheltered=??
明显的:遮蔽的 （反义关系）
blatant<>inconspicuous
明显的<>不明显的
nondescript<>conspicuous
莫可名状的<>显而易见的
salient<>incomspicuous
显著的<>不显著的
prominent<>inconspicuous
卓越的<>不现眼的
blatant<>unobtrusive
显眼的<>不显眼的
Synonyms: NOTICEABLE, arresting, arrestive, marked,
outstanding, pointed, prominent, remarkable, salient, striking
Sample:Everyone at the wedding was well-dressed,
but she was conspicuous in jeans and a cowboy hat.
conspiracy [kEn5spIrEsI] n.共谋, 阴谋
An
agreement to perform together an illegal, wrongful, or subversive act.
uncouth:churl=conspiratorial:conniver
粗俗的:粗野的人=阴谋的:阴谋家 (人物及其正面特征)
infiltrate:enter=conspire:plan
秘密潜入:进入=阴谋:计划 （行为及其特殊方式）
spy:watch=conspire:cooperate
侦察:观看=阴谋:合作 （行为及其特殊方式）
cast:actor=cabal:conspirator
剧团:演员=阴谋集团:阴谋家（组成关系）
Synonyms: PLOT , cabal, covin, intrigue, machination,
practice, scheme
Sample:Any language is a
conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is a collective attempt to
manage experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.
constellation [kRnstE5leIF(E)n] n. 星座，星群
the configuration of
stars.
constellation:star=chord:note{
queue:person}
星群:星星=和弦:音符{ 队列:人}
（组成关系）
bouquet:flowers=constellation:star
花束:花=星群:星星 （组成关系）
Sample:Big Dipper and Little Dipper are
constellations that we see in the sky at night.
constitute [5kRnstItju:t] vt. 构成,组成,任命
to appoint to an
office, function, or dignity
abdicate<>constitute
逊位<>任命
Synonyms: FOUND , create, establish, institute, organize, set up, start
Sample: Having sufficient income of
her own constituted for Alice a material independence that made possible a
degree of security in her emotional life as well.
constrained [kEn5streInId] adj. 被强迫的,拘泥的,不舒服的
to appoint to an
office, function, or dignity
constrain<>release
束缚<>释放
intemperate<>constrained
不节制的<>节制的
Synonyms: RESERVED, incommunicable,
noncommittal, restrained
Sample:The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution
is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing
constraints—ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that "come
naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.
constringe [kEn`strIndV] vt.使收缩, 使收敛, 压缩
to
cause to contract; constrict.
commodious<>constringed
宽敞的<>压缩的
Synonyms: CONSTRICT, narrow
consult [kEn5sQlt] v.商量, 商议, 请教, 参考, 考虑
COUNCIL, CONFERENCE; specifically :a deliberation between
physicians on a case or its treatment
bellwether:leadership=advisor:consultant
领导者:领导阶层=顾问:顾问
（同义关系）
Synonyms: CONFER, advise, collogue, confab, confabulate, huddle, parley,
powwow, treat
Sample:I advise you to
consult a dermatologist about your acne.
consummate [5kRnsEmeIt] adj.完美的,极致的,圆满的
Complete in every detail; of the highest
degree; extremely skilled and
accomplished.
consummate<>amateurish
完善的<>不熟练的
Synonyms: accomplished, finished,
perfected, ripe, virtuosic
Sample:I have
never seem anyone who makes as many stupid errors as you do; you must be a
consummate idiot.
contagious [kEn5teIdVEs] adj. 传染性的,会蔓延的,会传播的
communicable by
contact:CATCHING
sprain:injure=cold:contagion
扭伤:伤=感冒:传染病 （种属关系）
contagious<>incommunicable
会传播的<>不能传达的
Synonyms: INFECTIOUS,
catching, communicable
Sample:Wang's zeal was
contagious; soon all his fellow students were busily making posters, inspired
by his ardent enthusiasm for the cause.
contaminate [kEn5tAmIneIt] vt. 弄污,弄脏,毒害,传染,染污
to soil, stain,
corrupt, or infect by contact or association
hedge:loss=quarantine:contamination=safeguard:accident
两面下注以免...的风险:损失=检疫:污染=保护:事故（防止关系）
disinfect<>contaminate
消毒<>感染
untainted<>contaminated
没有感染的<>被玷污的
Synonyms: defile, pollute, soil, taint
Sample:The sewage system of
the city so contaminated the water that swimming was forbidden.
contemplate [5kRntempleIt] vt. 注视,沉思,打算
to view or consider
with continued attention:meditate on consider
Synonyms: CONSIDER, excogitate, mind,
perpend, ponder, study, think (out or over), weigh
Sample:The acts of vandalism that these
pranksters had actually perpetrated were insignificant compared with those they
had contemplated but had not attempted. (9510)
contempt [kEn5tempt] n. 轻视,轻蔑
the act of despising:the state of
mind of one who despises:DISDAIN
measly:contemptibly=puny:weakly
下贱的:下贱地=微弱的:微弱地 （形容词和副词的同义关系）
paragon:admire=pariah:contempt
模范:钦佩:贱民:轻视 （动作及其对象关系）
redoubtable:regard/awe=despicable:scorn/contempt/disregard
著名的:尊敬/敬畏=可鄙的:轻蔑 （人物特征及其被动行为）
wince:pain=smile:pleasure=pout:displeasure=sneer:contempt
畏缩:疼痛=微笑:高 兴=撅嘴:不高兴=嘲笑:轻视（动作及其表示情感）
despicable:contempt=reprehensible:censure
可鄙的:鄙视=应受斥责的:斥责 （人物特征及其被动行为）
scoff:contempt=thankful:gratitude
嘲笑:轻蔑=感谢:感谢 (同义关系)
hilarious:laughter=contemptible:distain
欢闹的:笑=可鄙的:贬损 （行为及其所表达的含义）
estimable<>contemptible
可尊敬的<>可轻视的
deify<>watch with contempt
神化<>蔑视
Synonyms: DESPITE, despisal, despisement, disdain,
disparagement, scorn
Sample:Marshal Philippe Pertain,
unlike any other French citizen of this century, has been, paradoxically, the
object of both great veneration and great contempt.
content [5kRntent] adj. 满足的,满意的,意义的
feeling or manifesting satisfaction
with one's possessions, status, or situation
disaffected:contentment=dubious:commitment/conviction
不满的:满足=可疑的:负责/确信 形容词与动词的反义关系）
gripe:discontent=praise:admiration
抱怨:不满=赞美:钦佩 （动作及表示情感）
disaffected:contentment=anxious:serenity
不服的:满意=担忧的:平静（形容词与名词的反义关系）
disaffected<>content
不满<>满足
restiveness<>contentment
难以驾御<>满足
contented<>avaricious
满足<>贪婪
Synonyms: satisfied , pleased , contented , complacent
Sample:The
nation was seething with discontent as the nobleman continued their arrogant
ways.
contentious [kEn5tenFEs] adj. 好辩的，喜争吵的
exhibiting an often perverse and
wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes
meddlesome:pry=contentious:argue
多管闲事的:探察=好争吵的:争吵 （人物个性及其特征行为）
contentious<>conciliatory
喜争吵的<>安抚的
contention<>general agreement
争论<>一致同意
Synonyms: BELLIGERENT, bellicose, combative, gladiatorial,
militant, pugnacious, quarrelsome, truculent, warlike
Sample:We heard loud and
contentious noises in the next room.
contingent [kEn5tIndVEnt] adj. 或许发生的,附随的,暂时的
likely but not certain
to happen:POSSIBLE
Synonyms: ACCIDENTAL, casual, chance, fluky, fortuitous,
incidental, odd
Sample:Manipulating
laboratory tissue cultures with hormones is one thing; using hormones to treat
human beings, however, is contingent on whether hormones that work in the
laboratory can affect whole organisms, and in predictable ways.
contort [kEn5tC:t] v. 扭弯，曲解
to
twist into or as if into a strained shape or expression
contortion:body=grimace:face
扭弯:身体=面部扭弯:脸部 （行为及其相关部位）
Synonyms: DEFORM, distort, misshape, torture, warp, wind
Sample:As the effects of
the opiate wore away, the contortions of the patient became more violent and
demonstrated how much pain she was enduring.
contradictory [9kCntrE`dIktErI] adj. 反驳的,反对的,抗辩的
involving, causing, or
constituting a contradiction
paradox:contradictory=epigram:wise
自相矛盾的话:矛盾:警句:明智 （事物及其正面特征）
oxymoron:contradictory=mishap:catastrophic
矛盾修饰法:矛盾的=不幸:灾难的（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: OPPOSITE, antipode, antipole, antithesis, contra, contrary,
converse, counter, counterpole, reverse
Sample:The detective was
stymied by the contradictory evidence in the robbery investigation.
contravene [kRntrE5vi:n] v. 违反,违背,反驳,反对
to oppose in
argument:CONTRADICT
contravene<>support
反驳<>支持
contravene<>buttress
反对<>支持
Synonyms: VIOLATE, breach, break, infract, infringe, offend, transgress
Sample:By idiosyncratically
refusing to dismiss an insubordinate member of his staff, the manager not only
contravened established policy, but he also jeopardized his heretofore good
chances for promotion.
contrite [5kRntraIt] adj. 悔悟了的,后悔的,痛悔的
grieving and penitent
for sin or shortcoming
apologize:contrite=compliment:impressed
道歉:后悔的=称赞:受感动的 （动作及其表示感情）
penitent:contrition=??
悔过的:后悔=??
impenitent<>contrite
不悔悟的<>后悔的
Synonyms: REMORSEFUL, apologetic, attritional, compunctious, penitent,
penitential, regretful, repentant, sorry
Sample:Her contrite tears
did not influence the judge when he imposed sentence.
contrived [kEn5traIvd] adj. 做作的,不自然的
ARTIFICIAL, LABORED
contrived:design=??
做作的:设计=?? （同义关系）
Synonyms: artificial , labored
Sample:It is difficult
to distinguish between the things that charismatic figures do spontaneously and
those that are carefully contrived for effect.
control [kEn5trol] n. 对照物个体在对照实验中被用作对照标准的一个或一组物体
an
individual or group used as a standard of comparison in a control experiment
control<>group
experimented on
对照组<>试验组
contumacious [kRntju:5meIFEs] adj. 违抗的，不服从的
stubbornly
disobedient:REBELLIOUS
contumacious:authority=reactionary/hidebound/conservative:change/innovation/novelty
不服从的:权威=反动的/死板的/保守的:变化/创新/革新（反义关系）
contumacious<>obedient
不服从的<>服从的
Synonyms: INSUBORDINATE, factious, insurgent, mutinous,
rebellious, seditious
Sample:The
contumacious mob shouted defiantly at the police.
conundrum [kE5nQndrEm] n.(答案有双关意义的)谜语, 难题
a:a question or problem having only
a conjectural answer b:an
intricate and difficult problem
conundrum:solve=??
难题:解决=??
Synonyms: MYSTERY, Chinese puzzle, closed book, enigma, mystification, puzzle, puzzlement, riddle, why
Sample:During the long car ride, she invented conundrums to entertain the children.
convalesce [kRnvE5les] vi. 渐渐康复,渐愈
to recover health and strength
gradually after sickness or weakness
recidivism:relapse=rehabilitation:convalesce
累犯:故态复萌=复原:渐愈 （同义关系）
Synonyms: IMPROVE , ameliorate, gain, look up, mend, perk
(up), recuperate
Sample:After his heart attack, he went through a
long convalescence at home.
convenience [kEn5vi:nIEns] n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、机械、安排等
something (as an appliance, device,
or service) conducive to comfort or ease
opportune:convenience=impermanent:transience
适当的:方便=暂时的:暂时 （同义关系）
opportune<>inconvenient
适当的<>不便的
Synonyms: AMENITY , comfort, facility
Sample:In spite of the fact
that it is convenient to divide the life span of animals into separate stages
such as prenatal, adolescent, and senescent, these periods are not really
distinct.
convention [kEn5venF(E)n] n. 大会,协定,惯例
usage or custom
especially in social matters
overdose:prescription=indiscretion:convention
配药过量:处方=与社会道德不符的行为:惯例
（事物及其过分方式）
reactionary:convention=??
反对变革的:习俗=??
ossify<>transcend conventions
死板<>超越常规
Synonyms: CONTRACT, agreement, bargain, bond, compact,
covenant, pact, transaction
Sample:Once Renaissance
painters discovered how to render volume and depth, they were able to replace
the medieval convention of symbolic, two-dimensional space with the more
realistic illusion of actual space.
conventional adj.惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的,
传统的
lacking originality or
individuality:TRITE
hero:admirable=eccentric:unconventional
英雄:令人尊敬的=古怪的人:非传统的 （人物和其正面特征）
eccentric:conventional=doyen:uninitiated
古怪的人:传统的=老资格:没有经验的
（人物和其反面特征）
offbeat<>conventional
不平常的<>传统的
Sample:George Bernard Shaw's iconoclastic
plays often startled more conventional people.
convergent [kEn`v\:dVEnt] adj. 趋集于一点的,会聚性的,收敛的
tending to move toward one point or
to approach each other:CONVERGING
convergent<>moving apart
趋集于一点的<>移动开
discrepancy<>convergence
分散<>聚合
converge<>spread out
聚合<>展开
Synonyms: converging , confluent
Sample:Marchers
converged on Washington for the great Save Our Cities-Save Our Children Marc
conversant [kEn5v\:sEnt] adj.亲近的, 有交情的, 熟悉的
having frequent or familiar
association
conversant<>unfamiliarity
熟悉的<>不熟悉 【注:词性不符】
conversant<>ignorant
熟悉的<>不知道的
Synonyms: FAMILIAR , abreast, acquainted, au courant, au fait, informed, up, versant, versed
Sample:The
lawyer is conversant with all the evidence.
convert [5kRnv\:t] vt. 使改变信仰,兑换,倒置 n. 皈依者,改宗者
to bring over from one
belief, view, or party to another
veer:direction=convert:belief
转向:方向=使改变信仰:信仰 （动宾关系）
hunter:quarry=proselytizer:convert
猎人:猎物=使改变信仰:改宗者 （动作及其对象）
proselytize:convert=grandstand:impress
劝诱改宗的人:皈依=炫耀表演:印象
（人物及其工作目标）
Synonyms: TRANSFORM, change, commute,
metamorphose, transfigure, translate, transmogrify, transmute, transpose, transubstantiate
Sample:On his trip to
Japan, though the President spoke at length about the merits of American
automobiles, he made few converts to his beliefs.