list 5 canvass
--- cogent
canvass
[5kAnvEs] v. 游说, 彻底检查, 细究, 向...拉票或拉生意,
讨论
to seek orders or votes:SOLICIT
exponent:advocate=pollster:canvass
拥护者:支持=民意调查者:细查 （人及其特征动作）
Synonyms: DISCUSS, agitate, argue, debate, dispute, moot, thrash out, toss (around)
Sample:After canvassing the sentiments of his constituents, the congressman was confident that he represented the majority opinion of his district.
canyon [5kAnjEn] n. 峡谷,溪谷
a deep narrow valley with steep sides and often with a stream flowing through it
ditch:canyon=burrow:cavern
小峡谷:大峡谷=小山洞:大山洞 （小和大）
Sample:The company was forced to retreat through the barrage of heavy canyons.
capitulate [kE5pItjJleIt] v. （有条件地）投降。
to cease resisting:ACQUIESCE
acquiesce:yield={capitulate:categorical}
默许:同意={有条件投降:无条件的}
capitulate<>resist
投降<>抵抗
capitulation<>resistance
投降<>抵抗
capitulate<>oppose
屈服<>抗争
Synonyms: YIELD, bow, buckle (under), cave, defer, knuckle(under), submit, succumb
caprice [kE5pri:s] n.异想天开,反复无常,善变,任性
a sudden, impulsive, and seemingly unmotivated notion or action
caprice:whimsical=stealth:furtive=discontent:unsatisfied
异想天开:异想天开的=秘密行动:偷偷摸摸是=不满:不满足的（正面特征）
apophasis:claim={caprice:deliberate}
故抑其词,以求婉达:表述={善变:仔细考虑}
impromptu:rehearsal=caprice:deliberate
即席演出:排练=反复无常:深思熟虑的 （反义关系）
caprice:whimsical=insight:discerning
任性:反复无常的=洞察力:洞悉 （同义关系）
insubordinate:submissive=capricious:deliberate
不顺从的:顺从的=反复无常:深思熟虑的 （反义关系）
caprice:whimsical=insight/foresight:prudent
任性:反复无常的=洞察力:明智的（名词和形容词同义关系）
caprice:whimisical=effulgent:resplendence
反复无常:变化多端的=光辉灿烂的:辉煌 （名词和形容词同义关系）
caprice:predict=??
反复无常:预料=??
capricious:change=??
善变得:变化=？？
capricious<>steadfast
多变的<>固定不变的
caprice<>confirmation
善变<>确证
capricious<>constant
反复无常的<>不变的
capricious<>pertinacious
反复无常的<>固执的
Synonyms: bee, conceit, crank, crotchet, fancy, freak, humor, maggot, megrim, notion, vagary, whim, whimsy
Sample:Employees had become so inured to the caprices of top management's personnel policies that they greeted the announcement of a company-wide dress code with impassivity.
caption [5kApF(E)n] n. 说明,字幕,标题
the part of a legal document that shows where, when, and by what authority it was taken, found, or executed
Synonyms: legend, underline
Sample:I find the captions that accompany these cartoons very clever and humorous.
captivate [5kAptIveIt] vt. 迷住,迷惑
to influence and dominate by some special charm, art, or trait and with an irresistible appeal
captivate<>repulse
迷住<>厌恶
Synonyms: ATTRACT, allure, bewitch, charm, draw, enchant, fascinate, magnetize, take, wile
Sample:Her beauty and intelligence have captivated many men.
carefree [5keEfri:] adj.无忧无虑的, 轻松愉快的, 不负责的
free of worries and responsibilities
carefree:responsibility=hidebound:flexibility
不负责任:责任=死板的:灵活性（缺乏关系）
Synonyms: IRRESPONSIBLE, careless, feckless, incautious, reckless, uncareful, wild
Sample: In summer, college students wander the roads of Europe like carefree vagabonds.
careworn [5keEwC:n] adj. 疲倦的,饱经忧患的
showing the effect of grief or anxiety
careworn<>lighthearted
疲倦的<>心情愉快的
Synonyms: HAGGARD, drawn, pinched, worn
caricature [kArIkE5tjJE(r)] n. 讽刺画，滑稽模仿
exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics
brevity:aphorism=distortion:caricature
简短:警句格言=歪曲:歪曲的模仿
（正面特征）
caricature:presentation=??
讽刺画:陈述=??（讽刺和正常??）
exaggeration:caricature=brevity:epigram
夸张:讽刺画=简短:警句格言
（正面特征）
pithiness:aphorism=exaggeration:caricature
简洁:警句格言=夸张:讽刺画 （正面特征）
illustrator:caricaturist=essayist:satirist
插图画家: 漫画家=评论家:讽刺作家（种属关系）
conciseness:aphorism=exaggeration:caricature
简明:格言=夸张:漫画（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: MOCKERY, burlesque, farce, mock, sham, travesty, burlesque, parody, takeoff, travesty
Sample: The caricatures he drew always emphasized personal weaknesses of the people he burlesqued.
carnal [5kB:nl] adj.肉体的, 肉欲的, 性欲的, 色欲的, 淫荡的
BODILY, CORPOREAL
carnal<>spiritual
肉体的<>精神的
Synonyms: BODILY, corporal, corporeal, fleshly, physical, somatic
Sample: The public was more interested in carnal pleasures than in spiritual matters.
carouse [kE5raJz] vi. 闹饮喧哗地、畅饮地狂欢作乐
to drink liquor deeply or freely
roisterer:carouse=recluse:withdraw
喝酒喧哗者:喧哗地喝酒=隐士:隐退 （人物的特征动作）
Synonyms: BINGE, bat, bender, booze, drunk, jag, spree, tear, REVEL , frolic, hell, riot, roister, spree, wassail
Sample:They caroused all night, going from one bar to another.
carp [kB:p] vi. 吹毛求疵,挑剔
to find fault or complain querulously
caviler:carping=libertine:licentious
吹毛求疵者:吹毛求疵的=浪荡的人:放肆的 （人物的正面特征）
complain:carp=drink:guzzle
抱怨:吹毛求疵=喝:狂饮 （程度对比）
Synonyms: NAG, fuss, henpeck, peck (at)
Sample:Welcoming constructive criticism, Lexy appreciated her editor's comments, finding them free of carping.
cartographer [kB:5tR^rEfE(r)] n. 绘制地图者
one that makes maps
cartographer:map=tailor:clothing=lexicographer:dictionary
绘制地图者:地图=裁缝:衣服=词典编纂者:词典 （人物及其工作对象）
Sample:Though not a professional cartographer, Tolkien was able to construct a map of the fictional world.
cast [kAst] n. 演员阵容,投掷,性质 vt.选派（演员），铸造，安排（节目）
the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a certain role to (an actor)
appoint:official=cast:actor
任命:官员=选派:演员 （动宾关系）
letter:signature=playbill:cast
信:签名=节目单:安排 （特殊与一般）
cast:actor=cabal:conspirator
剧团:演员=阴谋集团:阴谋家（组成关系）
Sample:The director cast a famous actress in the leading role.
castigate [5kAstI^eIt] v. 申斥，苛责，强烈反对
to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism
castigation:disapproval=crime:misbehave
强烈反对:反对=犯罪:举止不当 （程度类比）
castigation:reproof=denunciation:denial{
glorification:merit }
苛责:谴责=驳斥:否定 (程度类比）
peccadillo:sin=admonishment:castigation
小过失:罪过=小谴责:苛责 （程度类比）
castigation:reproof=loathing:dislike
苛责:谴责=讨厌:不喜欢 （程度类比）
castigation:reproof=soaking:damp
苛责:谴责=湿透的:潮湿的
accolade<>castigation
称赞<>斥责
castigate<>extol
严厉地批评<>赞美
castigate<>flatter
斥责<>称赞
Synonyms: LAMBASTE, blister, excoriate, flay, lash (into), scarify, scathe, scorch,
scourge, slash
Sample:Sensitive even to mild criticism, Woolf could not bear castigation that she found in certain reviews.
catalyze [5kAtElaIz] vt. 催化
BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE
supervisor:oversight＝catalysis:initiate
管理者:小心照顾=催化剂:发动 （事物及其功用）
catalyze<>retard
催化<>阻挠
catalyst<>prevent
催化<>阻止
Synonyms: STIMULUS, goad, impetus, impulse, incentive, incitation, incitement, motivation, spur, stimulant
Sample:Many chemical reactions cannot take place without the presence of a catalyst.
cataract [5kAtErAkt] n. 大瀑布,奔流,洪水,白内障
WATERFALL; especially:a large one over a precipice
Synonyms: WATERFALL, cascade, chute, fall(s), spout, cataclysm, deluge, flooding, overflow, pour, torrent
Sample:She gazed with awe at the mighty cataract known as Niagara Falls.
catastrophe [kE5tAstrEfI] n. 大灾难,大祸
a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin
catastrophe:mishap=humiliation:embarrassment
大灾难:灾祸=羞耻:尴尬 （程度类比）
oxymoron:contradictory=mishap:catastrophic
矛盾修饰法:矛盾的=不幸:灾难的（正面特征）
Synonyms: DISASTER, calamity, cataclysm, misadventure, tragedy, woe(s)
Sample:People frequently denigrate books about recent catastrophes as morally despicable attempts to profit, from misfortune, but in my view our desire for such books, together with the venerable tradition to which they belong, legitimizes them.
categorical [kAtI5^RrIk(E)l] adj. 无条件的，绝对的
ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED
acquiesce:yield={ capitulate:categorical}
默许:同意={有条件投降:无条件的}
categorical<>qualified/conditional
无条件的<>受限制的/有条件的
Synonyms: ULTIMATE, absolute ,EXPLICIT, clean-cut, clear-cut, definite, definitive, express, specific, unambiguous
Sample:Though the captain claimed he was never, never sick at sea, he finally qualified his categorical denial; he was hardly ever sick at sea.
cater [5keItE(r)] vi.迎合，投合, 备办食物, 满足(需要)
to supply what is required or desired
Synonyms: BABY, cocker, coddle, cosset, cotton, humor, indulge, mollycoddle, pamper, spoil, INDULGE, gratify, humor
Sample:If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writers' willingness to cater to popular tastes.
catholic [5kAWElIk] adj.天主教的,宽宏大量的,一般的,普遍的
COMPREHENSIVE, UNIVERSAL; especially :broad in sympathies, tastes, or interests
catholic<>narrow
宽宏大量的<>狭隘的
Synonyms: UNIVERSAL, cosmic, cosmopolitan, ecumenical, global, planetary, worldwide
Sample:He was extremely catholic in his taste and read everything he could find in the library.
caustic [5kC:stIk] adj．腐蚀性的，刻薄的
marked by incisive sarcasm
barb:caustic=pan:harsh
尖刻的言论:刻薄的=严厉的批评:严厉的 （正面特征）
caustic:eat away=desiccant:dry
腐蚀的:腐蚀=干燥剂的:干燥 （事物特征及其作用）
caustic:burn=solvent:dissolve
过化学反应可被灼烧的:灼烧=可溶解的:溶解 （因果关系）
caustic:smoothing=??
尖刻的:平缓的=?? （反义关系）
caustic<>palliating/genial
尖刻的<>减缓的/亲切的
caustic<>smooth
尖刻的，刻薄的<>安详的，平滑的
caustic<>kind
刻薄的<>仁慈的
Synonyms: SARCASTIC, acerb, acerbic, corrosive
Sample:The critic's caustic remarks angered the hapless actors who were the subjects of his sarcasm.
cavalier [kAvE5lIE(r)] n.骑士, 武士, 对女人献殷勤, 有礼貌的绅士
A gallant or
chivalrous man, especially one serving as escort to a woman of high social
position; a gentleman
rapscallion:mischievous=
sluggard:lazy {cavalier:arrogant}
流氓:为害的=懒鬼:懒惰
(人物及其正面特征) 【注:cavalier 作为名词是没有贬义的】
Sample:Sensitive about having her ideas taken
lightly, Marcia felt insulted by Mark's cavalier dismissal of her suggestion.
caveat [5kAvIAt] n.警告; 防止误解的说明
a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices
overture/preamble:introductory=caveat:warning/ cautionary
序曲:介绍性的=告诫:警告的 （正面特征）
Synonyms: WARNING, admonition, caution, forewarning, monition
cavern [5kAvEn] n. 巨穴,洞窟
CAVE; especially:one of large or indefinite extent
ditch:canyon=burrow:cavern
小山沟:大峡谷=小山洞:巨穴 （小和大对比）
cavern:spelunker=ocean:diver
洞穴:洞穴勘探者=海洋:潜水者 (人物及其探索对象)
Synonyms: CAVE, grotto, subterranean
Sample:In the darkness of the cavern, the glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glimmered like distant stars.
cavil [5kAvIl] v．挑毛病，吹毛求疵
to raise trivial and frivolous objection
cavil:criticize=probe:investigate
吹毛求疵:批评=仔细探察:调查 （程度类比）
caviler:carping=libertine:licentious
吹毛求疵者:吹毛求疵的:浪荡子:放肆的 （人物正面特征）
encomiast:eulogize=quibble:cavil
赞美者:赞颂=吹毛求疵者:吹毛求疵 （人物正面特征）
nitpick:criticize=cavil:object
吹毛求疵:批评=吹毛求疵:反对 （程度类比）
nitpicker:criticize=preacher:sermon=quibbler:cavil
吹毛求疵的人:挑剔=传教士:传道=吹毛求疵的人:吹毛求疵 （正面特征）
faultfinding:criticize=quibble:cavil
挑剔:批评=遁词:挑剔（程度类比）
eulogize<>cavil/criticize
颂赞<>责难
Synonyms: QUIBBLE, chicane, hypercriticize
Sample:I respect your sensible criticisms, but I dislike the way you cavil about unimportant details.
cavort [kE5vC:t] vi. 腾跃
to walk or move in a spirited manner:PRANCE
dodder:unsteady=cavort:sprightly
摇摆:不稳定=腾跃:轻快的 （正面特征）
cavort<>trudge
腾跃<>跋涉
Synonyms: GAMBOL, caper, frisk, frolic, rollick, romp
Sample:At the end of the school year, children cavorted on their way home.
cede [si:d] vt. 放弃
to yield or grant typically by treaty
cede<>possess
放弃<>拥有
Synonyms: RELINQUISH, abandon, give up, hand over, leave, resign, surrender, waive, yield
Sample:I intend to cede this property to the city.
celebrity [sI5lebrItI] n. 名声,名人
the state of being celebrated
celebrity<>obscurity
名人<>不为人所知的人
Synonyms: FAME, notoriety, renown, reputation, repute，luminary, name, notability, notable, somebody
Sample:Hamlet resented his mother's celerity in remarrying within a month after his father's death.
cement [sI5ment] n.水泥;胶粘剂
a binding element or agency:as a substance to make objects adhere to each other
cement<>fracture
巩固物<>破裂
Sample:That sidewalk is made of cement.
censor [5sensE(r)] vt. 检查,审查,删改
to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable
censorship:communication=preservative:decay
审查情报:信息
=防腐剂:腐烂 （消除关系）
censorship:information=sanitation:disease
过滤情报:情报=公共卫生:疾病
（防止关系）
vendor:purvey=censor:expurgate
卖主:提供=审查员:删除 （人物的特征动作）
Synonyms: blip, bowdlerize, expurgate, screen
Sample:Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical but enlightened intellectual, historians of the 1960's portrayed him as a doctrinaire thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censoring ideas he did not like.
censorious [sen5sC:rIEs] adj. 受批判的,挑剔的
marked by or given to censure
pliable:influenced=censorious:condemn
易受影响的:影响=受批判的:责备 ( 人物特征及其正面被动)
censorious<>eulogistic
挑剔的<>赞美的
Synonyms: CRITICAL, captious, carping, caviling, cavillous, critic, faultfinding, hypercritical, overcritical
Sample:censorious people delight in casting blame.
censure [5senFE(r)] n./v. 责难，非难
to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy
lamentable:pity=reprehensible:censure
可悲的:可怜=应该谴责的:谴责 （同义关系）
remonstrance:dissuade=reprehensible:censure
抗议:劝阻=斥责（词性不对）:责难 （程度类比）
censure:blameless=approbation:reprehensible
责难:无可指责的=认可:应斥责的 （反面特征）
exonerate<>censure
免除责备<>非难
extol<>censure
赞美<>责难
Synonyms: CRITICIZE, blame, condemn, denounce, denunciate, knock, rap, reprehend, reprobate, skin
Sample:During the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to widespread censure of it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose dissolution was both imminent and welcome.
census [5sensEs] n. 户口普查
a count of the population
census:population=inventory:stock
户口普查:人口=存货清单:存货 （前者为后者的清单）
Sample:The census is taken in the USA every ten years.
centrifuge [sen5trIfjJdV] n. 离心分离机
a machine using centrifugal force for separating substances of different densities, for removing moisture, or for simulating gravitational effects
centrifuge:separate=colander:drain
离心分离器 :分离 =滤锅 :过滤 （作用）
Sample:At the dairy, we employ a centrifuge to separate cream from milk.
ceramic [sI5rAmIk] n.陶瓷制品 adj.陶器的
of or relating to the manufacture of any product
(as earthenware, porcelain, or brick) made essentially from a nonmetallic
mineral (as clay) by firing at a high temperature
shard:ceramic=crumb:cake
碎片:陶瓷制品=碎屑:蛋糕 （事物及其破碎状态）
Sample:Square ceramic tiles cover the bathroom
walls.
ceremony [5serImEnI] n. 典礼,仪式,礼节
a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual, protocol, or convention
affidavit:statement=wedding:ceremony
书面宣誓:声明=婚礼:典礼（种属关系）
Synonyms: RITE, ceremonial, formality, liturgy, observance, ritual, service
Sample:Their nuptial ceremony was performed in Golden Gate Park.
certitude [5s\:tItju:d] n.确实, 确信
the state of being or feeling certain
certitude<>obscurity
确实<>含糊
Synonyms: CERTAINTY, assurance, assuredness, confidence, conviction, sureness, surety
Sample:I can say with certitude that the man has
died.
cessation [ sE5seiFEn ] n. 中止，（短暂的）停止
a temporary or final ceasing (as of action):STOP
cessation<>commencement
停止<>开始
cessation<>start
停止<>开始
cessation<>continuation
停止<>继续
Synonyms: END , cease, close, conclusion, desistance, ending, finish, period, stop, termination
Sample:The workers threatened a cessation of all activities if their demands were not met.
chaff [tFAf] n. 谷壳,糠,揶揄
the seed coverings and other debris separated from the seed in threshing grain
winnow:chaff=filter:impurities
扬场 : 糠 =过滤 :杂质 （消除关系）
Synonyms: BANTER, fun, jest, joke,
jolly, josh, kid, rag, razz, rib
Sample:When you separate the wheat from the chaff,
be sure you throw out the chaff.
chagrin [FE5^ri:n]n. 懊恼, 气愤, 委屈
disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure
chagrin:mind=grimace:face
懊恼:情绪=痛苦的表情:脸 （行为及其来源）
chagrin<>elated
懊恼<>兴高采烈的 【注:词性不符】
chagrin<>cheerful
懊恼<>高兴的
chagrin<>proud satisfaction
气恼<>非常满足
Sample:He made a bad mistake, much to his chagrin.
chameleon [kE5mi:lIEn] n. 变色龙,善变的人,轻浮的人
any of a family (Chamaeleontidae)
of chiefly arboreal Old World lizards with prehensile tail, independently
movable eyeballs, and unusual ability to change the color of the skin
salmon:ichthyologist=chameleon:herpetologist
鲑鱼:鱼类学家=变色龙:爬虫学家 （学者及其研究对象关系）
Sample:He's a
real chameleon; when he's with liberal friends he says he's a liberal, but when
he's with conservative friends, he tells them he's conservative.
champion [5tFAmpIEn] vt. 保卫,拥护
to act as militant supporter of:UPHOLD, ADVOCATE
champion<>disparage
拥护<>蔑视
impugn<>champion
攻击<>拥护
champion<>oppose
支持<>反对
Synonyms: SUPPORT, advocate, back, backstop, side (with), uphold
Sample:He
championed the civil rights movement in the 1960s.
chaotic [keI5RtIk] adj.混乱的, 无秩序的
a:a state of utter confusion b:a confused mass or mixture
chaos:predictability=pallor:color
混乱:可预言=苍白:颜色(缺乏关系)
chaotic<>strictly structured
无秩序的<>构造严谨的
chaotic<>strictly featured
无秩序的<>特征严谨
Sample:He
tried to bring order into the chaotic state of affairs.
charade
[FE5reId] n. 看手势猜字谜游戏;装模作样
a word represented in riddling
verse or by picture, tableau, or dramatic action
charade:word=mime:story
用手势表示的字谜:字=哑剧:故事 （动作及表达内容关系）
charade:dissimulate=void:emptiness
装模作样:假装=空洞:空 （同义关系）【注:词性不符】
Sample:The couple
pretended to be happy, but it was just a charade.
charlatan [5FB:lEtEn]
n. 吹牛者, 江湖骗子
a person who makes elaborate,
fraudulent, and often voluble claims to skill or knowledge; a quack or fraud
juggernaut:crush=charlatan:deceive
印度神克利须那:碾碎=江湖骗子:行骗(人物及其特征行为)
mentor:guide＝charlatan:deceive
导师:指导＝江湖骗子:欺骗（人物及其特征行为）
Sample: When
they realized that the Wizard didn't know how to get them back to Kansas,
Dorothy and her friends were sure they'd been duped by a charlatan.
chary [5tFeErI] adj.仔细的, 谨慎的, 吝啬的
discreetly cautious:as a:hesitant and vigilant about dangers
and risks b:slow to grant, accept,
or expend
chary<>rash
谨慎的<>卤莽的
Synonyms: CAUTIOUS, calculating, careful, circumspect, considerate, discreet,
gingerly, guarded, safe, wary
Sample:A prudent, thrifty
New Englander, DeWitt was as chary of investing money in junk bonds as he was
chary of paying people unnecessary compliments.
chasm [5kAz(E)m] n. 深渊，大差别，代沟
a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the
earth):GORGE
cleft:chasm=cut:gash
裂缝:深渊=小切口:大伤口 （程度关系）
Sample:They
could not see the bottom of the chasm.
check [tFek] n.阻止, 制止, 控制, 阻止物, 支票,
to block the progress of
jolt:move=check:stop
震动:移动=阻止:停止 （因果关系）
propagate<>check
传播<>制止
goad<>check
唆使<>阻止
check<>hasten
阻止<>促进
harry<>mollify/check
骚扰◇平息/阻止
Synonyms:
arrest, buck, foil, thwart, frustrate
Sample:Thrusting
out her arm, Grandma checked Bobby's lunge at his sister. "Young
man," she said, "you'd better check your temper."
chef [Fef] n. 厨师
a skilled cook who manages the kitchen (as of
a restaurant)
author:novel=chef:banquet
作家:小说=厨师:宴会 （人物及其工作对象）
chef:kitchen=chemist:laboratory
厨师:厨房=化学家:实验室 （人物及其工作地点）
Sample:How did
the inventive chef ever concoct such strange dish?
cherubic [
tFe5ru:bik
] adj. 天使的,无邪的,可爱的
innocent-looking usually
chubby and rosy
cherubic<>somber
天使般的<>阴郁的
Sample:With
her cheerful smile and rosy cheeks, she was a particularly cherubic child.
chevron [5FevrEn] n. (军人佩戴以示军衔和军兵种的)v形臂章
a sleeve badge that usually
consists of one or more chevron-shaped stripes that indicates the wearer's rank
and service (as in the armed forces)
chevron:badge=caisson:cart
（军中的）袖章:徽章=弹药车:大车（种属关系）
chiaroscuro [kIB:rE5skJErEJ] n.(绘画中的)明暗对照法;用明暗对照法绘的图画
the interplay or contrast of
dissimilar qualities, pictorial representation in terms of light and shade
without regard to color
chiaroscuro:contrast=filigree:delicacy/intricacy ={tapestry:intricacy
}
用明暗对照法绘的图画:对照=金银细丝工艺:精美（物品及其特征关系）
【注:已经由机考判分数据确认 准确答案:chiaroscuro:contrast=filigree:delicacy
】
chic [Fi:k,FIk] adj. 漂亮的，时髦的
smart elegance and sophistication
especially of dress or manner:STYLE
Synonyms: FASHION, craze, cry, dernier cri, fad, furore, mode,
rage, style, vogue
chicanery [FI5keInErI]
n．欺诈，欺骗
deception by artful
subterfuge or sophistry:TRICKERY
chicanery:clever=tactlessness:truthful
欺诈:机灵的=不圆滑的:真诚的 （褒贬程度关系）
gullible:chicanery=servile:domination
易受骗的:欺骗=易屈服的:控制 （因果关系）
chicanery<>forthrightness {deep conviction/firm opposition}
狡辩<>直率 {深信/坚定反对}
chicanery<>forthright dealing
欺骗<>梗直
Synonyms: DECEPTION, chicane, dishonesty, double-dealing,
fourberie, fraud, hanky-panky, highbinding, sharp practice, trickery
Sample:Your
deceitful tactics in this case are indications of chicanery.
chide [tFaId] v. 斥责,责骂
to voice disapproval to:reproach in
a usually mild and constructive manner:SCOLD
chide:pillory=humor:mollycoddle
斥责:嘲笑=迎合:纵容 （褒贬程度关系）
chide<>praise
斥责<>称赞
Synonyms: REPROVE, admonish, call down, lesson, monish, rebuke,
reprimand, reproach, tick off
Sample:Grandma
began to chide Steven for his lying.
chip [tFIp] n. 晶片,薄片,碎片
a small usually thin and flat piece
(as of wood or stone) cut, struck, or flaked off
chip:stone=shard:glass
（石头的）碎片:石头=（破璃的）碎片:玻璃（物品及其碎片关系）
【注:chip:a small usually thin and flat
piece shard:a piece or fragment of
a brittle substance】
Sample:After
the glass is annealed, it will be less subject to chipping and cracking.
choke [tFEJk] vt. 窒息,阻塞,噎,抑制
to check normal breathing of by
compressing or obstructing the trachea or by poisoning or adulterating
available air
smother:choke=??
窒息:窒息=?? （同义关系）
Synonyms: strangle, throttle; compare SUFFOCATE
Sample:The
murderer choked his victim to death.
choleric [5kRlErIk] adj. 易怒的，暴躁的
easily moved to often unreasonable
or excessive anger:hot-tempered
cowardice:intimidate=choler:antagonize
懦弱:胁迫=愤怒:使敌对
（事物个性及其被动特征）
choleric<>difficult to provoke
易怒的<>难被激怒
choleric<>pacific
易怒的<>平静的
choleric<>difficult to
provoke
暴躁的,易怒的<>难以被激怒的
Synonyms: choleric, crabbed, cranky,
irascible, irritable, testy
Sample:His
flushed, angry face indicated a choleric nature.
chord [kC:d] n.弦, 和音, 情绪
three or
more musical tones sounded simultaneously
constellation:star=chord:note{
queue:person}
星群:星星=和弦:音符（队列:人）
（组成关系）
chord:note=grove:tree
{ table:index ， river:stream,flower:stem }
和弦:音符=小树林:树木（组成关系）【注:index:A table, file,
or catalog.】
Sample:The sound of her voice on the telephone
struck a chord (of love) with him.
choreography [kRrI5R^rEfI] n. 舞蹈，舞蹈编排
the composition and arrangement of dances
especially for ballet
choreography:dance=plot:story
舞蹈编排:舞蹈=小说情节:小说 （文艺作品及其结构关系）
choreographer:movement=architect:building
{sculptor:statue}
舞蹈指导:舞蹈动作=建筑师:建筑 {雕塑家:雕像} 【注:强调设计、安排、指导
，而不是建造】
Sample:Martha
Graham introduced a form of choreography that seemed awkward and alien to those
who had been brought up on classic ballet.
chorus [5kC:rEs] n.合唱, 合唱队, 齐声
a
body of singers who perform choral compositions
troupe:perform=chorus:sing
剧团:表演=合唱队:演唱 （团体及其特征行为）
chronic [5krRnIk] adj.长期的,慢性的,惯常的,经常的
always present or encountered; especially :constantly vexing,
weakening, or troubling
chronic<>sporadic
惯常的<>偶然的
Synonyms: USUAL, accepted, accustomed, customary, habitual,
routine, wonted
Sample:The
doctors were finally able to attribute his chronic headaches and nausea to
traces of formaldehyde gas in his apartment.
chronicle [5krRnIk(E)l] n. 年代记,记录,编年史
a usually continuous historical
account of events arranged in order of time without analysis or interpretation
Sample:The
gossip columnist was paid to chronicle the latest escapades of the socially
prominent celebrities.
chronological [krRnE5lRdVIk(E)l] adj. 按年月顺序的
of, relating to, or arranged in or
according to the order of time
dictionary:alphabetical=annals:chronological
字典:按字母顺序的=编年史:按年月顺序的（作品及其编排顺序）
Sample:A
television reporter gave a chronological description of the football game.
churlish [5tF\:lIF] adj. 脾气暴躁的,粗野的
marked by a lack of
civility or graciousness:SURLY
uncouth:churl=conspiratorial:conniver
粗俗的:粗野的人=阴谋的:阴谋家 (人物及其正面特征)
cacophony:melody=genteel:churl
刺耳的音调:悦耳的音调=上流社会:粗野的人 （反义关系）
hospitable:misanthrope=genteel:churl
思想开放的:厌世者=优雅的:粗俗的人（人物及反面特征）
complaisance<>churlishness
彬彬有礼的<>粗野的
genteel<>churlish
有教养的<>粗野的
Synonyms: BOORISH, cloddish,
clodhopping, clownish, coarse, loutish, lowbred, uncivilized, uncultured,
unpolished
Sample:Dismayed
by his churlish manners at the party, the girls vowed never to invite him
again.
cineast [`sInIAst] n. 影迷热衷于电影的人
a film or movie enthusiast
cineast:film=gourmand:food
{sharpshooter:target}
电影迷：电影=美食家：食物 {神枪手：目标} (人物与其追求对象)
cipher [5saIfE(r)] n.暗号,密码;
a method of
transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning
cipher:cryptic=precis:concise
密码:秘密的=大纲:简要的 （事物及其特征关系）
Sample:Lacking
his code book, the spy was unable to decode the message sent to him
circuitous [s\:5kjJItEs]
adj. 迂回的路的,迂曲的,绕行的
not being forthright or
direct in language or action
immaterial:relevance=circuitous:directness
不重要的:重要=迂回的:直接 （形容词与名词的反义关系）
circuitous:directness=irresolute:decision
迂回的:直接=犹豫不决的:决定（形容词与名词的反义关系）
circuitous<>direct
迂回<>直接
Synonyms: INDIRECT, circular, collateral, oblique, roundabout
Sample:Lacking his code book, the
spy was unable to decode the message sent to him
circumference [s\:5kQmfErEns] n. 圆周,周围,胸围
the
perimeter of a circle
border:country=circumference:circle
国界:国家=圆周:圆 （事物及其边界关系）
Sample:Washington
Irving emphasized the rotundity of the governor by describing his height and
circumference.
circumlocutory [7sE:kEmlE5kjutEri] adj.
委婉曲折的,迂回的
the use of an unnecessarily large
number of words to express an idea
circumlocutory<>direct encounter
迂回的<>直接面对
circumlocution<>pithy utters/utter concisely/straightforword utter
累赘的话<>简练的话
circumlocutory<>straightforward
迂回的<>直接的
circumlocution<>express succinctly
累赘的话<>简练的表达 【注：词性不符】
circumscribe [5s\:kEmskraIb] vt.在...周围画线, 限制
to construct or be
constructed around (a geometrical figure) so as to touch as many points as
possible
circumscribed<>unlimited
限制的<>无限的
Synonyms: LIMIT, bar, confine, delimit,
delimitate, prelimit, restrict
Sample:By
identifying scientific rigor with a quantitative approach, researchers in the
social sciences may often have limited their scope to those narrowly
circumscribed topics that are well suited to quantitative methods.
circumspect [5s\:kEmspekt] adj.慎重的；小心的
careful to consider all circumstances
and possible consequences:PRUDENT
rash:circumspective=imperious:servile
轻率的:慎重的=专横的:卑屈的 （反义关系）
circumspect<>audacious/reckless
小心的<>大胆的/不计后果的
temerity<>circumspection
蛮勇<>慎重
rash<>circumspective
鲁莽的<>谨慎的
Synonyms: CAUTIOUS, calculating, careful, chary, considerate,
discreet, gingerly, guarded, safe, wary
Sample:Investigating
before acting, she tried always to be circumspect.
circumvent [s\:kEm5vent]
vt. 绕行,陷害,包围,智取
to manage to get around
especially by ingenuity or stratagem
circumvent<>confront
绕行<>面对
circumvention<>direct
encounter
规避<>直接面对
Synonyms: SKIRT, bypass, circumnavigate,
detour
Sample: Although fiction assuredly springs
from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways
other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as
instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.
cistern [5sIstEn] n. 贮水器,水槽,水箱
an artificial reservoir (as an
underground tank) for storing liquids and especially water (as rainwater)
cistern:liquids=landfill:refuse
水箱:液体=垃圾填埋场:废弃物 （物品及其放置场所关系）
Sample:A cistern
in the village catches and holds rainwater.
citation [saI5teIF(E)n] n. 引用,引证,引用文,传票
an official summons to
appear (as before a court)
summons:citation=??
召唤:传唤=??（正常和官方关系）
【注:citation:an official
summons to appear (as before a court)】
Sample:The police
officer received a citation for saving a man's life.
civility [sI5vIlEtI] n. 礼貌,端庄
COURTESY, POLITENESS
civility<>rudeness
礼貌<>无礼
clairvoyant [kleE`vRIEnt] adj.透视的, 有洞察力的
unusually
perceptive:DISCERNING
dexterous:manipulate=prescient:predict
{ clairvoyant:oversee }
灵巧的:熟练的操作=预见性的:预言 { 有洞察力的:监视 } (行为及其正面特征)
Sample:Cassandra's
clairvoyant warning was not heeded by the Trojans.
clandestine [klAn5destIn] adj.秘密的
marked by, held in, or
conducted with secrecy:SURREPTITIOUS
clandestine:secretly=overt:openly
秘密的:秘密地=公开的:公开地 （同义关系）
clandestine:secrecy=harmony:congruity
秘密的:秘密=一致的:一致(同义关系)
clandestine<>open
秘密的<>公开的
Synonyms: SECRET, covert, furtive, hugger-mugger, hush-hush,
stealthy, surreptitious, undercover, underneath, under-the-table
Sample:After
avoiding their chaperon, the lovers had a clandestine meeting.
clarion [
5klAriEn ] n.
尖音号角,adj. 清澈响亮的
loud and clear
clarion<>soft and undistinct
响亮的<>低声不可辨的
Synonyms: FAIR, clear, cloudless, fine,
pleasant, rainless, sunny, sunshiny, unclouded, undarkened
Sample:We woke
to the clarion to muffle its striking.
clarity [5klArItI] n. 清楚,透明
the quality or state of
being clear:LUCIDITY
ambiguous:clarity=mendacious:truth
不明确的:清楚=虚假的:真实 （反义关系）
consensus:factionalism=clarity:confusion
一致同意:党派争执=清楚:混淆 （反义关系）
equivocation:clarity=prevarication:truth
含糊的话:清楚=搪塞的话:真实 （反义关系）
equivocation:truth=euphemism:offense/obfuscation
clarity
含糊的话:真实=委婉的话:冒犯/困惑:清楚 （反义关系）
misunderstood:clarify=erroneous:retract
误会的:澄清=错误的:撤消 （消除关系）
ramshackle:soundness=garbled:clarity
摇摇欲坠的:坚固=混淆的:清楚 （反义关系）
roil<>clarify/appease
激怒<>阐明/平息
obfuscate<>clarify
使模糊<>澄清
equivocation<>clarity
模棱两可<>清楚
muddy<>clarity
浑浊的<>清晰 【注:词性不符】
clarity<>opaque
清晰<>不透明
Synonyms: clearness, limpidity,
lucidity, perspicuity, plainness
Sample:Harry
Levin explicated James Joyce's novels with such clarity that even Finnegan's
Wake seemed comprehensible to his students.
clasp [klB:sp] n. 扣子,钩,紧握
a device (as a hook) for holding objects or
parts together
lathe:shape=clasp:fasten
车床:成形=扣子:扣紧 （物品及其作用关系）
Sample:She
fastened the clasp on her necklace.
claustrophobia [klC5strE5fEJbIE] n.【医】幽闭恐怖症
abnormal
dread of being in closed or narrow spaces
recluse:crowd=claustrophobia:enclosure
隐遁者:人群=幽闭恐怖症:封闭 ( 逃避对象)
Sample:His fellow
classmates laughed at his claustrophobia and often threatened to lock him in
his room.
cleft [kleft] n.裂缝 , 隙口
a usually V-shaped indented
formation:a hollow between ridges or protuberances
cleft:chasm=cut:gash
裂缝:深渊=小切口:大伤口 （程度关系）
Synonyms: RAVINE, arroyo, chasm, clough,
clove, gap, gorge, gulch
Sample:Erosion
caused a cleft in the huge boulder.
clement [5klemEnt] adj.仁慈的，温和的
inclined to be
merciful:LENIENT
clement<>pitiless
仁慈的<>无情的
Synonyms: FORBEARING, charitable, easy, indulgent, lenient,
merciful, tolerant
Sample:I like
to read a good book in inclement weather.
cliche [kli:5Fei] adj. 陈腐的
a trite phrase or expression
hodgepodge:uniformity=cliche:original
混合物:一致=陈腐的:原创 （反义关系）
equivocate:misleading=cliched:hackneyed
模棱两可:误导=陈腐的:常见的 【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: COMMONPLACE, banality, bromide, platitude, prosaicism,
prosaism, rubber stamp, shibboleth, tag, truism
Sample:High
school compositions are often marred by such cliches as "strong as an
ox."
clique [kli:k] n. 朋党派系，小集团
a narrow exclusive circle or group
of persons; especially one held together by common interests,
views, or purposes
clique:intimates=flock:sheep
小集团:密友=羊群:羊 （个体和团体关系）
Synonyms: cabal, camarilla, camp, circle, clan, coterie,
in-group, mafia, mob, ring
Sample:She
charged that a clique had assumed control of school affairs.
clog [klR^] n. 障碍,重物 v.障碍,阻塞
something that shackles
or impedes:ENCUMBRANCE
clog:drainage=stalemate:negotiations
阻塞:排泄=僵局:谈判 （消除关系）
Synonyms: ENCUMBRANCE, cumbrance, hindrance, impedance,
impediment
Sample:The
wine did not flow because the air vent in the barrel was clogged.
closed-minded [klEJzd-5maindid] adj.倔强的, 顽固的
not
easily subdued, remedied, or removed
demanding:satisfactory=adulterate:pristine
{closed-mind:sway}
苛求的:满意=掺假的:纯净 (反面特征) 【 注:可能对应:demanding:satisfy=closed-mind:sway 尚未确证】
Synonyms: OBSTINATE, bullheaded, deaf, hardheaded,
intractable, pigheaded, self-willed, unpliable, unpliant, unyielding
closet [5klRzIt] n. 壁橱,小室 adj. 秘密的,空论的
a cabinet or recess for especially
china, household utensils, or clothing
pantry:food=closet
(wardrobe):clothes
食品室:食物=壁橱（衣柜）:衣物 （物品及其放置场所关系）
freeze:water=clot:blood
使结冰:水=使凝结:血 （动作极其对象）
Sample:In their incommodious quarters, they had to
improvise for closet space.
clot [klRt] n. 凝块,群 v.(使)凝结
a coagulated mass
produced by clotting of blood
clot:dissolved=crowd:dispersed
凝块:溶解的=人群:散开的 （分散关系）
solvent:dissolve=coagulant:clot
溶剂:溶解=凝结剂:凝结 (物品及其作用)
freeze:water=clot:blood
冻结:水=凝块（特指血液）:血液
(事物及其特征状态)
Sample:The
nibs of fountain pens often become clotted and corroded.
cloture [5klEutFE] n.讨论终结
a parliamentary procedure by which debate is
ended and an immediate vote is taken on the matter under discussion
voting:roll call=termination:cloture
投票:点名=终止:讨论结束（种属关系）
cloudburst [5klaJdb\:st]
n. 倾盆大雨,豪雨
a sudden copious
rainfall
gust:wind=cloudburst:rainfall
狂风:风=豪雨:雨 （种属关系）
clout [klaJt] n. 权力,势力
PULL, INFLUENCE
clout<>impuissance
权力<>无（权）力
clout<> impotence
有力的一击<>无力, 虚弱
Synonyms: PULL, influence
Sample:Gatsby
wondered whether he had enough clout to be admitted to the exclusive club.
cloying [`klRIIN] adj. 甜得发腻的
excessively sweet or sentimental
garrulous:talkative=cloying:sweet
多嘴的:健谈的=过甜的:甜的 （褒贬程度类比）
loquacious:talkative=cloying:sweet
多嘴的:健谈的=过甜的:甜的 （褒贬程度类比）
Synonyms: SATIATE, fill, glut, gorge, jade, pall, sate, stodge,
surfeit
Sample:Disliking
the cloying sweetness of standard wedding cakes, Jody and Tom chose a homemade
carrot cake for their reception.
clumsy [5klQmzI] adj. 笨拙的,不雅观的,粗陋的
lacking dexterity,
nimbleness, or grace
adept<>clumsy
灵巧的<>笨拙的
Synonyms: awkward, gawky, lumbering, lumpish, splathering, splay,
ungainly;
Sample:Although
his attempts to appear psychotic were so clumsy as to be almost ludicrous,
there is evidence that Ezra Pound was able to avoid standing trial for treason
merely by faking symptoms of mental illness.
coagulant [kEJ`A^jJlEnt] n. 凝结剂
something that produces
coagulation
coagulant:thicken=solvent:dissolve
凝结剂:变浓=溶剂:溶解（物品及其作用关系）
solvent:dissolve=coagulant:clot
溶剂:溶解=凝结剂:凝结 (物品及其作用)
astringent:pucker=coagulant:congeal
收缩剂:收缩=凝结剂:凝结（药剂及其作用）
coagulate<>liquefy/dissolve
凝结<>溶解
coagulate<>thin
沉积，变厚<>变薄
Sample:Blood
coagulates and closes a cut.
coalesce [kEJE5les] v.合并,联合,结合
to unite into a whole:FUSE
coalesce<>disaggregate
合并<>分解
polarize<>coalesce
（使）两极分化<>合并
Synonyms: JOIN, associate, bracket, combine, conjoin, connect,
link, relate, unite, wed
Sample:The
brooks coalesce into one large river.
coarse [kC:s] adj. 粗略的 , 粗糙的, 粗鄙的
not precise or detailed with
respect to adjustment or discrimination
coarse:surface=??
粗糙的:表面=??
fastidious<>coarse
苛求的<>粗略的
Synonyms: crass, crude, gross, incult, inelegant, low, raw, rough,
rude, uncouth, uncultivated, uncultured, unrefined, vulgar
Sample:homespun
wit, like homespun cloth, was often coarse and plain.
coax [kEJks] vt.用巧言诱哄
to manipulate with great perseverance
and usually with considerable effort toward a desired state or activity
equivocation:coax=explanation:enlighten
含糊的话:诱哄=解释:开导 （事物及其作用关系）
blandishment:coax =medal:honor/prevarication:deceive
哄诱的话:诱哄=奖章:给以荣誉/搪塞的话:欺骗 （事物及其作用关系）
blandishment:coax＝threat:intimidate
哄骗:哄骗=威胁:胁迫 （事物及其表达的含义）
Synonyms: blandish, blarney, cajole, con, soft-soap, sweet-talk,
wheedle
Sample:The mother coaxed her child to take some
bad-tasting medicine.
coda [5kEJdE] n. 终结句,乐章结尾部,完结部
a concluding musical section that
is formally distinct from the main structure
dessert:meal=epilogue:play=coda:sonata
餐后甜点:餐食 =收场白:戏剧=乐章结尾:奏鸣曲 （事物及其特殊部分）
coda<>overture
乐章结尾<>前奏
Sample:The
piece concluded with a distinctive coda that strikingly brought together
various motifs.
coerce [kEJ5\:s] vt.强制, 强迫
to bring
about by force or threat
wheedle:cajolery=extort:coercion { scourge:possession }
用甜言蜜语骗:诱骗=敲诈:强迫 (同义关系)
squander:expend=coercion:intimidate
浪费:花费=威压:胁迫（过分与正常）
voluntary<>coercion
自愿的<>强迫
Synonyms: FORCE, compel, concuss, constrain, make, oblige, shotgun
Sample:They forced him to
obey, but only by great coercion.
coeval [kEJ5i:v(E)l] adj. 同年龄的，同时代的
of the same or equal age, antiquity, or
duration
congruent:dimension=coeval:age
全等的:尺寸=同时代的:时代 （单位及其相同关系）
Sample:coeval
with the dinosaur, the pterodactyl flourished during the Mesozoic era.
cogent [5kEJdVEnt] adj. 强有力的, 使人信服的,恰到好处的
appealing forcibly to the mind or
reason:CONVINCING
cogent:convince=repugnant:repel
有说服力的:令人信服的=让人讨厌的:令人厌恶的 （程度关系）
cogent<>unconvincing
有说服力的<>不令人信服的
Synonyms: VALID, convincing, satisfactory, satisfying, solid,
sound, telling
Sample:She
presented cogent arguments to the jury.