list 30 vigilant --- zone

list 30 vigilant --- zone

vigilant [5vIdVIlEnt] adj. 警醒的,警戒着的,警惕的

alertly watchful especially to avoid danger

vigilant:entrapped=exacting:satisfied=wary:gulled

警惕的:落入陷阱的=苛求的:感到满意的=小心的:受骗的 (人物性格及其反面特征)

vigilant:waylaid=wary:duped {energetic:frenzied/curious:interrogatory}

警惕的:被埋伏:机警的:被欺骗（人物及其反面特征）

oblivious<>vigilant

忘却的<>警醒的

vigilant<>oblivious

警醒的<>忘却的

vigilant<>unalert

警醒的<>不警觉的

vigilant<>negligible

警醒的<>容易忽略的

supine<>vigilant

懒散的<>警惕的

Synonyms: WATCHFUL, alert, open-eyed, unsleeping, wakeful, wide-awake

Sample:Very young children need an adult's constant vigilance.

vignette [vi:n5jet] n. 小巧可爱的插图或照片n. (戏剧或电影中的) 插话

a brief incident or scene (as in a play or movie)

vignette:scene=skit:drama

插话:场景=小喜剧:戏剧（小与正常）

Sample:The New Yorker published her latest vignette.

vigor [5vI^E(r)] n. 精力,活力

active bodily or mental strength or force

decrepit<>vigorous

衰老的<>精力充沛的

Synonyms: POWER, beef, energy, force, might, muscle, potency, puissance, steam, strength

Sample:The astronomer and feminist Maria Mitchell's own prodigious activity and the vigor of the Association for the Advancement of Women during the 1870's belie any assertion that feminism was quiescent in that period.

vilify [5vIlIfaI] vt.诽谤, 辱骂, 贬低, 轻视

to utter slanderous and abusive statements against:DEFAME

extol<>vilify

赞美<>辱骂

vilification<>beautification

中伤<>美化

adulate<>vilify

谄媚<>诽谤

vilify<>honor

贬低<>尊敬

Sample:She is a liar and is always trying to vilify my reputation.

vim [vIm] n. 精力，活力

robust energy and enthusiasm

lassitude<>vim/animation

疲倦<>精力/生气

Synonyms: SPIRIT, animation, brio, dash, esprit, life, oomph, verve, zing

Sample:She has a lot of vim and vigor.

vindicate [5vIndIkeIt] n. 为…平反，证明…正确

to free from allegation or blame

calumniate<>vindicate

中伤<>辩护

impugn<>vindicate

责难<>辩护

vindicate<>confirm guilt

辩护<>定罪

Synonyms: EXCULPATE, absolve, acquit, clear, disculpate, exonerate

Sample:I hope to vindicate my client and return him to society as a free man.

vindictive [vIn5dIktIv] adj．报复性的

disposed to seek revenge:VENGEFUL

mercenary:money=vindictive:revenge

图利的:钱=怀恨的:报仇（人物个性及其追求目标）

Synonyms: revengeful, vengeful, wreakful

Sample:She was very vindictive and never forgave an injury.

violate [5vaIEleIt] vt. 违犯,亵渎,干扰,妨碍,侵犯

to do harm to the person or especially the chastity of; specifically :RAPE

profaned<>unviolated

亵渎的<>未受侵害的

Synonyms: breach, break, contravene, infract, infringe, offend, transgress

Sample:Punishment for violating moral rules is much more common than reward for following them; thus, adherence to the rules goes almost unnoticed in society.

virility [vI`rIlEtI] n．雄劲，丈夫气

the quality or state of being virile:a:MANHOOD b:manly vigor:MASCULINITY

Synonyms: maleness, manfulness, manliness, masculinity

virtuoso [vEtjJ5EJsEJ] n. 演艺精湛的人，大师

an experimenter or investigator especially in the arts and sciences:SAVANT

virtuoso:skill=potentate:power

艺术名家:技艺=当权者:权力 (人物及其正面特征)

virtuosity<>mediocrity

大师<>平庸之才

virtuoso<>beginner

大师<>初学者

Synonyms: EXPERT, artist, artiste, authority, master, past master, professional, whiz, wizard

Sample:Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible virtuosity:his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.

virtuous [5v\:tjJEs] adj. 有品德的,善良的,贞洁的,有效力的

morally excellent:RIGHTEOUS

doldrums:energy=depravity:virtue

消沉:精力=堕落:品德（人物特征及其缺乏对象）

base<>virtuous

卑鄙的<>有品德的

nefarious<>above reproach/virtuous

穷凶极恶的<>无法责备的/有品德的

Synonyms: MORAL, ethical, moralistic, noble, principled, righteous, right-minded

Sample:Politeness is not a superficial attribute of human behavior, but rather a central virtue, one whose very existence is increasingly being threatened by the faddish requirement to "speak one's mind."

virulent [5vIrJlEnt] adj. 剧毒的,致命的,刻毒的,恶毒的,充满敌意的

marked by a rapid, severe, and malignant course

virulent<>salubrious

恶性的<>有益健康的

Synonyms: POISONOUS, mephitic, poison, toxic, toxicant, venomous

Sample:Despite its virtues, the book deals inadequately with a number of crucial issues.

viscous [5vIskEs] adj.粘滞的，粘性的

having a glutinous consistency:VISCID

glutinous<>non viscous

粘性的<>没粘性的

Synonyms: tenacious, tough, viscid, viscose

Sample:Melted tar is a viscous substance.

visionary [5vIVEnerI] adj. 幻影的,幻想的,梦想的

incapable of being realized or achieved:UTOPIAN

visionary:idealistic=officious:obliging

幻想的:空想主义者的=好管闲事的:恳切的，热心助人的（褒贬程度类比）

miscreant:criminal=visionary:delusion

堕落的:罪犯=梦想的:幻觉（事物及其正面特征）

Synonyms: DREAMY, astral, daydreaming, daydreamy, otherworldly, unworldly

Sample:She was given to visionary schemes that never materialized.

vista [`vIstE] n. 街景,展望,回想

a distant view through or along an avenue or opening:PROSPECT

placebo:painkiller=backdrop:vista

安慰剂:止痛药=背景:广阔的思维景象（种属关系）

Synonyms: lookout, outlook, perspective, prospect, scape

Sample:We looked at a beautiful vista of the valley below.

vitality [vaI5tAlItI] n. 活力,生命力

capacity to live and develop; also :physical or mental vigor especially when highly developed

attenuate:thickness=enervate:vitality

使变稀薄:浓度=使虚弱:活力（行为及其作用对象）

dehydrate:water=wither:vitality

(使)脱水:水=使凋谢:生命力（行为及其作用对象）

enervation:vitality=debase:value

削弱精神:生命力=贬低:价值（行为及其作用对象）

arrest<>vitalize

阻止、妨碍<>给予活力

vitality<>enervation

生命力<>虚弱

vitality<>soporific

活力<>使人昏昏沉沉的东西

lassitude<>vitality/ebullience{jocular,incisive}

疲倦<>活力/热情

Synonyms: VIGOR, bang, drive, getup, get-up-and-go, go, pep, punch, snap, starch

Sample:When a person suddenly loses consciousness, a bystander is not expected to diagnose the problem but to attempt to counter its effects by starting vital functions if they are absent.

vitiate [5vIFIeIt] v.使腐败，败坏

to make faulty or defective:IMPAIR

vitiate<>fortify/strengthen

败坏<>加强/加强

Synonyms: INJURE, blemish, damage, harm, hurt, impair, mar, prejudice, spoil, tarnish

Sample:Fraud will vitiate the contract.

vitrify [5vItrIfaI] vi. 变成玻璃,成为玻璃状

to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and fusion

tarnish:dull=vitrify:smooth

使失去光泽:阴暗的=使变成玻璃:平滑的（行为及其结果）

vitriolic [vItrI5RlIk] adj.硫酸的, 象硫酸的, 刻薄的, 讽刺的

bitterly scathing; caustic

vitriolic<>soothing

讽刺的<>抚慰的

Synonyms: BITTER, antagonistic, hostile, rancorous, virulent

Sample: Such vitriolic criticism is uncalled for.

vituperative [vI`tjU:pErEtIv] adj. 辱骂的，责骂的

uttering or given to censure:containing or characterized by verbal abuse

vituperative<>complimentary

辱骂的<>称赞的

vituperate<>adulatory

辱骂<>奉承【词性不符】

vituperate<>admire

辱骂<>敬佩

Synonyms: ABUSIVE, contumelious, invective, opprobrious, scurrile, scurrilous, truculent, vituperatory, vituperous

Sample:He became more vituperative as he realized that we were not going to grant him his wish.

vivacious [vI5veIFEs] adj. 活泼的，快活的

lively in temper, conduct, or spirit:SPRIGHTLY

phlegmatic<>vivacious

无活力的<>活泼的

vivacious<>languid

活泼的<>疲倦的

Synonyms: LIVELY, alert, animate, animated, gay, keen, spirited, sprightly

Sample:She had always been vivacious and sparkling.

vivid [5vIvId] adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 大胆的, 清晰的, 活泼的, 逼真的

having the appearance of vigorous life or freshness:LIVELY

vivid:intensify=??

鲜明的:加强=??

Synonyms: COLORFUL, brave, bright, colory, gay

Sample:She writes across generational lines, making the past so vivid that our belief that the present is the true locus of experience is undermined.

vociferous [vE5sIfErEs] adj. 喧哗的，大叫大嚷的

marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry

vociferous<>reticent/monotone

喧哗的<>沉默的/单调的

vociferous<>serenity

喧哗的<>安静的

Synonyms: blatant, boisterous, clamorous, loudmouthed, multivocal, obstreperous, openmouthed, strident, vociferant

Sample:The crowd grew vociferous in its anger and threatened to take the law into its own hands.

vogue [vEJ^] n. 时尚,时髦,流行

popular acceptation or favor:POPULARITY

Synonyms: FASHION, chic, craze, cry, dernier cri, fad, furore, mode, rage, style, trend

Sample:Jeans became the vogue on many college campuses.

volatile [5vRlEtaIl] adj. 反复无常的，挥发性的

characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change

craven:heroic=volatile:constant

懦弱的:英勇的=不稳定的:稳定的（反义关系）

volatile:temper=ready:wit

反复无常的:脾气=轻易地、自发的:妙语（形容词及其修饰的名词）【a ready wit】

volatile<>constant

反复无常的<>不变的

rile:volatile=??

搅浑浊:不稳定的=??

volatile<>stable

反复无常的<>不变的

imperturbability<>volatility

冷静<>易变

Synonyms: INCONSTANT, capricious, changeable, fickle, lubricious, mercurial, temperamental, ticklish, unstable, variable

Sample:The political climate today is extremely volatile:no one can predict what the electorate will do next.

volition [vE5lIF(E)n] n. 自决，自主

an act of making a choice or decision; also :a choice or decision made

volition<>inability to choose

决心<>无法抉择

volitional<>inability to select

决定<>无法选择

Sample:She selected this dress of her own volition.

voluble [5vRljJb(E)l] adj. 流利的,健谈的,易旋转的,缠绕的

characterized by ready or rapid speech:GLIB, FLUENT

voluble:verbosity=licentious:dissoluteness

流利的:健谈的=放荡的:放纵（名词及其形容词的同义关系）

maladroit:deft=voluble:terse

笨拙的:灵巧的=流利的:简短的（反义关系）

audacious:trepidation=laconic:volubility

大胆的(鲁莽的):胆怯=简洁的:冗长（形容词与名词的反义关系）

abandon:inhibition=voluble:terse

放纵:抑制＝多话:简洁（反义关系）

dexterous:inept=voluble:laconic

灵巧的：笨拙的=多话的:简短的(反义关系)

volubility<>taciturnity

好说话<>沉默寡言

laconic<>voluble

简洁的<>健谈的

voluble<>taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

口若悬河的<>沉默的/简洁的/简洁的/沉默的

reticent<>voluble

沉默寡言的<>健谈的

Synonyms: GLIB, silver-tongued, vocative, well-hung

Sample:She was a voluble speaker, always ready to talk.

voluminous [vE5lju:mInEs] adj. 卷数多的,大部分的,著书多的,长篇的,庞大的,盘绕的

having or marked by great volume or bulk:LARGE also :FULL

voluminous<>scanty/scarce

庞大的<>狭小的/缺乏的

Synonyms: MANY, legion, multifarious, multitudinal, multitudinous, numerous, populous, sundry, various

Sample:Despite her family burdens, she kept up a voluminous correspondence with her

friends.

voluptuous [vE5lQptJEs] adj．撩人的，沉溺酒色的

given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratifications

voluptuary<>ascetic

耽于酒色的<>苦己的

spartan<>sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious

节俭<>放纵的/放纵的/好酒色的/豪华,放纵的

voluptuous<>spartan

好酒色的<>节俭

voluptuous<>self constrained/self denying

沉溺酒色的<>自我约束的/克己的

ascetic<>voluptuary

禁欲者，苦行者<>酒色之徒

Synonyms: SENSUOUS, epicurean, luscious, lush, luxurious, sensual, sensualistic

Sample:The nobility during the Renaissance led voluptuous lives.

vomit [5vRmIt] n. 呕吐,呕吐物,催吐剂

an act or instance of disgorging the contents of the stomach through the mouth; also :the disgorged matter

vomit:disgorge=??

呕吐:吐出=??

Synonyms: barf, bring up, disgorge, shoot, sick (up), spew, spit up, throw up, upchuck

Sample:The child vomited when he had the flu.

voracious [vE5reIFEs] adj. 狼吞虎咽的,贪婪的

excessively eager:INSATIABLE

impassive:perturb=voracious:satisfy

冷漠的:打扰=贪婪的:满足（人物个性及其行为（被动））

voracity<>lack of appetite

贪食<>没有胃口

Synonyms: edacious, gluttonous, rapacious, ravening, ravenous

Sample:The wolf is a voracious animal, its hunger never satisfied.

votary [5vEJtErI] n. 热心者,崇拜者,支持者,信徒

a devout or zealous worshiper

votary<>skeptic

支持者<>怀疑者

votary<>reactionary

信仰者<>怀疑者

Synonyms: ADDICT, aficionado, buff, devotee, fan, hound, lover

vouch [vaJtF] vi. 担保,保证,证明,确定

to summon into court to warrant or defend a title

vouch<>refuse to guarantee

担保<>拒绝担保

Synonyms: CERTIFY, attest, witness

Sample:I vouched for his innocence; he did not steal anything.

vulgar [5vQl^E(r)] adj. 粗俗的,庸俗的,本土的,通俗的,普通的

lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste:COARSE

genteel:vulgarity=intrepid:fear

优雅的:粗俗=无畏:害怕(形容词与名词的反义关系)

Synonyms: COARSE, crass, crude, gross, inelegant, raw, rough, rude, uncouth, unrefined

Sample:The combination of elegance and earthiness in Edmund's speech can be starting, especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a gentleman of the old school.

waffle [`wCfl] vi. 闲聊,胡扯

to talk or write foolishly:BLATHER

waffle:enunciate=embed:disinter

胡扯:清晰阐明=嵌入:掘出（反义关系）

waffle<>speak unequivocally

胡扯<>表述清晰的

Synonyms: BABBLE, blabber, blather, drivel, drool, gabble, prate, prattle, twaddle

Sample:He keeps waffling about changing jobs.

wag [wA^] n. 摇摆,小丑

WIT, JOKER

ludicrous:buffoon=dissolute:libertine=humorous:wag

可笑的:扮演丑角和开玩笑的人=放纵的,生活放荡的:放荡不的人=幽默的,风趣的:爱说笑打趣的人（人极其所具有的性格特征）

wag:humorous=dolt:stupid

小丑:滑稽的=笨蛋:愚蠢的

Synonyms: HUMORIST, comedian, comic, droll, funnyman, jester, joker, jokester, quipster, wit

Sample:He was a prankster who, unfortunately, often overlooked the damage he could cause with his waggish tricks.

wan [wRn] adj.苍白的, 无血色的, 病态的, 暗淡的, 无力的

suggestive of poor health:SICKLY, PALLID

wan<>hale

病态的<>健壮的

wan<>rubicund

病态的<>面色红润的

Synonyms: WEAK, boneless, emasculate, forceless, impotent, ineffective, ineffectual, invertebrate, slack-spined, spineless

Sample:Suckling asked, "Why so pale and wan, fond lover?"

wane [weIn] vi.变小, 亏缺, 衰落, 退潮, 消逝, 呈下弦

to fall gradually from power, prosperity, or influence

verve<>listlessness {waning}

活力<>倦怠

resurgence<>waning vitally

苏醒<>衰退

burgeoning<>waning

迅速生长的<>慢慢衰减的

escalate<>wane

逐步增强<>衰落

wane<>intensify

降低，减少<>使增加强度

Sample:From now until December 21, the winter solstice, the hours of daylight will wane.

want [wC:nt] n. 缺乏,贫困,需要

grave and extreme poverty that deprives one of the necessities of life

repletion<>want

充满<>缺乏

Synonyms: POVERTY, destitution, impecuniousness, impoverishment, indigence, need, neediness, penury, poorness, privation

Sample:She is poor and in want of basic things.

wanton [wC:ntEn] adj. 荒唐的,嬉戏的,繁茂的,肆意的

playfully mean or cruel:MISCHIEVOUS

Synonyms: FAST, easy, light, loose, unchaste, whorish

Sample:Pointing to the stack of bills, Sheldon criticized Sarah for her wanton expenditures. In response, Sara accused Sheldon of making an unfounded, wanton attack.

wardrobe [5wC:drEJb] n. 衣橱,衣室,全部衣服

a room or closet where clothes are kept:CLOTHESPRESS

larder:food=wardrobe:clothes

食物柜:食物=衣柜:衣物 (事物及其存储场所)

Sample:Priding himself on being a natty dresser, the gangster Bugsy Siegel collected a wardrobe of imported suits and ties.

warmonger [5wC:mQN^E(r)] n. 战争贩子,好战者,主战论者

one who urges or attempts to stir up war:JINGO

dove<>warmonger/jingoist

和平鸽<>好战者/侵略主义者

Sample:The President was called a warmonger for sending our army to fight in another country.

warp [wC:p] vt.弄歪, 使翘曲, 使不正常, 歪曲, 使有偏见

to turn or twist out of or as if out of shape; especially :to twist or bend out of a plane

aligned<>warped

排一线的<>弯曲的

Synonyms: DEFORM, contort, distort, misshape, torture, wind

Sample:His cruel acts come from a warped mind.

warrant [5wC:rEnt] vt. 保证,辩解,使有正当理由,批准

to guarantee to a person good title to and undisturbed possession of (as an estate)

gratuitous<>warranted/merited

免费的、无理由的<>有正当理由/应得的

Synonyms: certify, guarantee, guaranty

Sample:Despite many decades of research on the gasification of coal, the data accumulated are not directly applicable to environmental questions; thus a new program of research specifically addressing such questions is warranted.

wary [5weErI] adj. 小心的,机警的,周到的,唯恐的

marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful prudence especially in detecting and escaping danger

vigilant:entrapped=exacting:satisfied=wary:gulled

警惕的:落入陷阱的=苛求的:感到满意的=小心的:受骗的 (人物性格及其反面特征)

vigilant:waylaid=wary:duped {energetic:frenzied/curious:interrogatory}

警惕的:被埋伏:机警的:被欺骗（人物及其反面特征）

remiss<>scrupulous/wary

不留心的，玩忽职守的<>小心谨慎的/机警的

Synonyms: CAUTIOUS, calculating, careful, chary, circumspect, considerate, discreet, gingerly, guarded, safe

Sample:The spies grew wary as they approached the sentry.

wastrel [5weIstr(E)l] n.浪费者,饭桶,流浪者,废品,浪子

one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-indulgently:PROFLIGATE

inexperience:neophyte=irresponsibility:wastrel

无经验:新信徒 =不承担责任的人；浪子 (人物及其正面特征)

Synonyms: SPENDTHRIFT, high roller, prodigal, profligate, scattergood, spender, squanderer, unthrift, waster, wastethrift

Sample:He was denounced as a wastrel who had dissipated his inheritance.

waterproof [5wC:tEpru:f] adj. 防水的

impervious to water; especially :covered or treated with a material

waterproof<>permeable

防水的<>能透过的

Sample:I can wear my watch when I swim because it is waterproof.

watershed [5wC:tEFed] n. 分水岭，转折点标志着分界或过程改变的重要关头；转折点

a crucial dividing point, line, or factor:TURNING POINT

watershed<>routine { ambiguity }

重要关头<>日常事务

Sample:The fall of Communism was a great watershed in human history.

wax [wAks] vt. 上蜡于

to treat or rub with wax usually for polishing or stiffening

varnish:wood=wax:linoleum

涂油漆于:木制品=上蜡于:油布（行为及其作用对象）

wax [wAks] vi. 变大,增大,月亮渐满

to increase in phase or intensity ,used chiefly of the moon, other satellites, and inferior planets

wax<>decrease

增大<>减少

wax<>waste away

增大<>减少

flag<>wax

无力地下垂<>变大

wax<>waning

月圆<>月缺

Synonyms: INCREASE, augment, build, enlarge, expand, heighten, mount, multiply, rise, upsurge

Sample:With proper handling, his fortunes waxed and he became rich.

waylay [weI5leI] vt.埋伏, 伏击, 抢劫

to lie in wait for or attack from ambush

vigilant:waylaid=wary:duped {energetic:frenzied/curious:interrogatory}

警惕的:被埋伏=机警的:被欺骗（人物及其反面特征）

watchful:waylaid=cunning:gulled

警惕的:被埋伏=狡猾的:被骗（人物及其反面特征）

Sample:They agreed to waylay their victim as he passed through the dark alley going home.

weld [weld] vt.焊接

to unite (metallic parts) by heating and allowing the metals to flow together or by hammering or compressing with or without previous heating

weld:metal=sew:fabric/cloth

焊接:金属=缝制:织物（动宾关系）

welter [5weltE(r)] vi. 翻滚,滚动,挣扎,颠簸,浸湿

to be in turmoil

Synonyms: WALLOW, bask, indulge, luxuriate, revel, roll, rollick

Sample:The existing welter of overlapping federal and state proclaims cries out for immediate reform.

wheedle [5hwi:dl] vt. 以甜言蜜语诱惑,用甜言蜜语骗

to influence or entice by soft words or flattery

wheedle:cajolery=extort:coercion { scourge:possession}

用甜言蜜语骗:诱骗=敲诈:强迫 (同义关系)

Synonyms: COAX, blandish, blarney, cajole, con, soft-soap, sweet-talk

Sample:She knows she can wheedle almost anything she wants from her father.

whet [wet] vt. 磨,磨快,刺激,促进

to make keen or more acute:EXCITE, STIMULATE

blunt<>whet

钝的<>磨快【词性不符】

whet<>dull

使兴奋<>使迟钝

Synonyms: STIR, arouse, awaken, bestir, challenge, kindle, rally, rouse, wake, waken

Sample:The odors from the kitchen are whetting my appetite; I will be ravenous by the time the meal is served.

whiff [hwIf] n. 一吹,一吸,香烟的一口,一点点

a quick puff or slight gust especially of air, odor, gas, smoke, or spray

blast:whiff=gush:trickle

一阵风:一吹=涌出:滴流（程度类比）

Synonyms: HINT, breath, dash, shade, smack, tincture, tinge, trace, trifle

Sample:The slightest whiff of Old Spice cologne brought memories of George to her mind.

whimsical [5wImzIk(E)l] adj．古怪的，异想天开的

resulting from or characterized by whim or caprice; especially :lightly fanciful

caprice:whimsical=stealth:furtive=discontent:unsatisfied

反复无常:反复无常的=偷偷:偷偷地=不满:不满的（名词与形容词的同义关系）

mercurial:mood=whimsical:behavior

善变的:情绪=易变的:行为(形容词与其修饰的名词)

caprice:whimsical=insight:discerning

任性:反复无常的=洞察力:洞悉（同义关系）

caprice:whimsical=insight/foresight:prudent

任性:反复无常的=洞察力:明智的（名词和形容词同义关系）

caprice:whimisical=effulgent:resplendence

反复无常:变化多端的=光辉灿烂的:辉煌（名词和形容词同义关系）

Synonyms: ARBITRARY, capricious, erratic, freakish, vagarious, wayward, whimsied

Sample:He dismissed his generous gift to his college as a sentimental fancy, an old man's whimsical gesture.

wholesome [5hEJlsEm] adj. 有益健康的,合乎卫生的,健全的,审慎的,有生气的,有益的

promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit

decadence<>wholesomeness

颓废<>健康

tainted<>unspoiled/wholesome

有污点的<>未受破坏的/健全的

wholesome<>deleterious

有益健康的<>有毒的

insalubrious<>wholesome

对身体有害的<>有益健康的

morbid<>wholesome

不健全的<>健全的

noxious<>wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

有害的<>有益健康的/卫生的/无害的

sordid<>wholesome

肮脏的<>卫生的

taint<>integrity/wholesomeness

使腐败<>正直/健全

Synonyms: HEALTHFUL, good, healthy, hygienic, salubrious, salutary, salutiferous

Sample:They lead a wholesome life away from the city's crime and pollution.

wicked [5wIkId] adj. 坏的,邪恶的,缺德的,淘气的,恶劣的,刻毒的

morally very bad:EVIL

nefarious:wickedness=generous:liberality

极恶的:邪恶=宽大的:宽大（形容词同义关系）

Synonyms: WRONG, bad, evil, immoral, iniquitous, reprobate, sinful, vicious

Sample:People should not be praised for their virtue if they lack the energy to be wicked; in such cases, goodness is merely the effect of indolence.

wily [5waIlI] adj. 使用计谋的,有诡计的,狡猾的

full of wiles:CRAFTY

Synonyms: SLY, artful, astute, crafty, cunning, deep, foxy, guileful, insidious, tricky

Sample:She is as wily as a fox in avoiding trouble.

wince [wIns] v. 避开，畏缩

to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain):FLINCH

wince:pain=smile:pleasure=pout:displeasure=sneer:contempt

畏缩:疼痛=微笑:高兴=撅嘴:不高兴=嘲笑:轻视 (行为及其表达的含义)

Synonyms: RECOIL, blanch, blench, flinch, quail, shrink, squinch, start

Sample:The screech of the chalk on the blackboard made her wince.

windbag [5wIndbA^] n. 风囊,饶舌之人,好说话的人

an exhaustively talkative person

windbag<>taciturnity

好说话的人<>沉默寡言

Sample:He is just a windbag, so nobody listens to him.

windy [5wIndI] adj. 多风的,风强的,坏天气的,虚无的,吹牛的,腹胀的

VERBOSE, BOMBASTIC

windy:concise=hackneyed:original

冗长的:简洁的:陈腐的:有创意的（反义关系）

Synonyms: WORDY, diffuse, long-winded, palaverous, prolix, redundant, verbose

Sample:He gives long, windy speeches.

winnow [5wInEJ] v．把（谷物）的杂质吹掉，扬去

to remove (as chaff) by a current of air

winnow:chaff=filter:impurities

扬谷:谷壳=过滤:杂质（消除关系）

winnow:grain=purify:water

扬谷:谷粒=净化:水（行为及其作用对象）

Synonyms: SORT, comb, separate, sift

Sample:This test will winnow out the students who study from those who don't bother.

winsome [5wInsEm] adj．媚人的，漂亮的

generally pleasing and engaging often because of a childlike charm and innocence

unprepossessing<>entrancing/winsome

不吸引人的<>使人神魂颠倒的/迷人的

winsome<>unprepossessing/repelling

迷人的<>不吸引人的/使人讨厌的

Synonyms: SWEET, dulcet, engaging, winning

Sample:By her winsome manner, she made herself liked by everyone who met her.

wit [wIt] n. 机智,机警,智力,头脑,机智的人,妙语,理智

mental capability and resourcefulness:INGENUITY

volatile:temper=ready:wit

反复无常的:脾气=轻易地、自发的:妙语（形容词及其修饰的名词）【a ready wit】

wit<>dullard

机智的人<>愚人

Synonyms: acumen, astucity, astuteness, clear-sightedness, discernment, discrimination, keenness, penetration, percipience, perspicacity, shrewdness

Sample:The tone of Jane Carlyle's letter is guarded, and her feelings are always masked by the wit and pride that made a direct plea for sympathy impossible for her.

witch [wItF] n. 巫婆,女巫

one that is credited with usually malignant supernatural powers; especially :a woman practicing usually black witchcraft often with the aid of a devil or familiar:SORCERESS

retainer:retinue=witch:coven

扈从:随行人员=巫婆:女巫的集会 (个人与集体)

Synonyms: bruja, enchantress, hag, hex, lamia, sorceress, witchwoman

Sample:Even though she knew she would be burned at the stake as a witch, Joan of Arc refused to renounce her belief that her voices came from God.

withdraw [wIT5drC:] vi. 撤退,离开

to remove (money) from a place of deposit;to become socially or emotionally detached

roisterer:carouse=recluse:withdraw

闹饮者:痛饮=隐遁着:隐退 (人物及其特征动作)

press<>withdrawal

推进<>退回

Synonyms: RETREAT, fall back, give back, retire

Sample:Observable as a tendency of our culture is a withdrawal of belief in psychoanalysis:we no longer feel that it can solve our emotional problems.

wither [5wITE(r)] vt.凋谢

to become dry and sapless; especially :to shrivel from or as if from loss of bodily moisture

dehydrate:water=wither:vitality

(使)脱水:水=使凋谢:生命力（行为及其作用对象）

burgeon<>wither

萌芽<>枯萎

wither<>revive

枯萎<>复活

Synonyms: dry up, mummify, mummy, shrivel, welter, wilt, wizen

Sample:Cut flowers are beautiful for a day, but all too soon they wither.

withhold [wIT5hEJld] vt. 扣留,保留,抑制

to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing

withhold<>grant

保留<>授予

proffer<>withhold

提供<>保留

Synonyms: RESTRAIN, bit, bridle, check, constrain, curb, hold back, hold down, hold in, inhibit

Sample:She withheld approval of the plan until she understood it completely.

wizen [`wIzLn] adj. 凋谢的, 枯萎的

to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of aging or of failing vitality

wizened<>thrive/blooming

枯萎的<>繁荣/盛开的

Synonyms: WITHER, dry up, mummify, mummy, shrivel, welter, wilt

Sample:The wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic.

wobble [5wRb(E)l] vi. 摇晃,动摇,游移不定,犹豫

to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side TREMBLE, QUAVER

wobble<>stabilze

动摇<>稳定

Synonyms: LURCH, careen, stagger, sway, swing, weave

Sample:An elliptical billiad ball wobbles because it is not perfectly round; an elliptical remark baffles because it is not perfectly clear.

woo [wu:] v. 向（女人）求爱，争取…的支持

to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with:COURT

adulate:fawn=woo:adorn

阿谀:奉承=爱:崇拜（同义关系）

Synonyms: ADDRESS, court, make up (to), pursue, spark, sue, sweetheart

Sample:The young man wooed the girl by calling her every day.

wordsmith [`w\:dsmIW] n. 擅长文字创作的人

a person who works with words; especially :a skillful writer

raconteur:storytelling=wordsmith:writing

善于讲故事的人:讲故事=以写作为生的人:写作 (人及其特征行为)

worldly [5w\:ldlI] adj. 世间的,世俗的,世上的

of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual affairs

worldly<>singular

世俗的<>异常的

worldly<>naive

世俗的<>天真的

Synonyms: EARTHLY, earthy, mundane, sublunary, tellurian, telluric, terrene, terrestrial, uncelestial

Sample:You must leave your worldly goods behind you when you go to meet your Maker.

worship [5w\:FIp] n. 崇拜,礼拜,尊敬

extravagant respect or admiration for or devotion to an object of esteem

worship:sacrifice=prediction:augury

崇拜:祭品=预言:占兆 ( 事物及其所表达的含义)

Synonyms: ADORATION, idolatry, idolization

Sample:In a pragmatic society that worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of hardheaded decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a society.

wrangler [5rAN^lE(r)] n. 口角者,争论者,牧马者

a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses; broadly :COWBOY

lariat:wrangler=crook:shepherd

套索:牧马者=牧杖:牧羊者（职业及其工具）

Sample:My grandfather was a wrangler on a ranch in Texas.

wretched [5retFid] adj.可怜的, 悲惨的, 肮脏的, 恶劣的

deeply afflicted, dejected, or distressed in body or mind

elation<>wretchedness

兴高采烈<>可怜

Synonyms： WOEFUL, afflicted, doleful, dolent, dolorous, miserable, rueful, ruthful, sorrowful

Sample: The degraded wretch spoke only of his past glories and honors.

writ [rIt] n．命令状，书面命令

a formal written document; specifically :a legal instrument in epistolary form issued under seal in the name of the English monarch

Sample:The hero of Leonard's novel is a process server who invents unorthodox ways of serving writs on reluctant parties.

wry [raI] adj.讽刺的;歪斜的

cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous also having a bent or twisted shape or condition

fluent:glib=humorous:wry { meticulous:finicky }

流利的:油腔滑调的=幽默的:讽刺性的幽默（褒贬程度类比）

wry<>even/straight/true/directly/undeviating

歪曲的<>平坦的/直的/直接地/不离正道的

Synonyms: SARDONIC, cynical, ironic

Sample:We enjoy Dorothy Parker's verse for its wry wit.

yawn [jC:n] v.打呵欠, 张开, 裂开

to open the mouth wide usually as an involuntary reaction to fatigue or boredom

yawn:sleepiness=blush:embarrassment

打呵欠:想睡=脸红:困窘（自发行为及其所表达的含义）

Sample:Halfway through the boring lecture, Laura gave up trying to stifle her yawns.

yield [ji:ld] vi. 出产,屈服,投降,同意

to surrender or relinquish to the physical control of another:hand over possession of

beneficent:harm=tenacious:yield

有利的:伤害=顽固的:屈服（形容词与动词的反义关系）

evanescent:disappear=pliant:yield

容易消失的:消失=易受影响的:屈从 (形容词与动词的同义关系)

default:pay=yield:resist

拖欠:支付=屈服:坚持 ( 反义关系)

obsequious:fawn=compliant:yield

顺从的:巴结 =依从的，顺从的:屈服（行为及其表达的含义）

adamant:yield=cautious:gamble

固执的:屈服=谨慎的:孤注一掷（人物个性及其反面行为）

acquiesce:yield={ capitulate:categorical}

默许:同意={有条件投降:无条件的}

tenacious:yield=insouciant:worry

不屈不挠的:屈服=无忧无虑的:担忧（人物个性特征及其反面行为）

ephemeral:abide=intransigent:yield

短暂的:坚持=不妥协的:屈服（行为及其反面特征）

prevail<>yielding

战胜<>屈服

meek<>unyielding

温顺的<>不屈的

dogged<>yielded

顽固的<>屈服的

outmaneuver<>yield

以策略制胜<>投降

tenacious<>yield

顽固的<>屈服

Synonyms: RELINQUISH, abandon, cede, give up, hand over, leave, resign, surrender, waive

Sample:The wounded knight refused to yield to his foe.

yoke [jEJk] vt. 给...上轭,连接,结合,使成配偶

to join as if by a yoke

sunder<>combine/yoke/bond

分离<>结合/连接/结合

asunder<>yoke

分离<>连接

Synonyms: JOIN, associate, combine, conjoin, conjugate, connect, couple, link, unite, wed

Sample:I don't wish to be yoked to him in marriage, as if we were cattle pulling a plow.

zeal [zi:l] n. 热心,热衷,热诚

eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something:FERVOR

devoted:zealous=careful:fastidious

献身的:热情的=仔细的:极其仔细的（程度类比）

fervor:zealot=improvidence:spendthrift

热情:狂热者=浪费:浪费的人（人物及其正面特征）

miser:munificent:zealot:blase

吝啬鬼:慷慨的=热心者:冷漠的（人物及其反面特征）

zeal:dedication=mesmerism:interest

热衷:奉献=着迷:兴趣 (程度类比)

torpor<>zeal

麻木<>热诚

zealotry<>lack of fervor

热狂<>缺乏热情

vapid<>zeal

无生气的<>热诚

zealot<>indifference

狂热<>不关心

Synonyms: PASSION, ardor, calenture, enthusiasm, fervor, fire, hurrah

Sample:Wang's zeal was contagious; soon all his fellow students were busily making posters, inspired by his ardent enthusiasm for the cause.

zest [zest] n. 风味,强烈的风味,热情,热心

keen enjoyment:RELISH, GUSTO

vapid<>zesty

乏味的<>兴致高的

zesty<>bland

狂热的<>温和的

Synonyms: TASTE, gusto, heart, palate, relish

Sample:She has a zest for life.

zigzag [5zI^zA^] n. & adj. 之字形(的)；v. 弯弯曲曲地行进

one of a series of short sharp turns, angles, or alterations in a course; also :something having the form or character of such a series

zigzag:turns=montage:images

Z字形:曲折=拼集的照片:图象（组成关系）

Sample:A soldier zigzagged to escape from enemy fire.

zone [zEJn] vi. 分成区

to arrange in or mark off into zones; specifically :to partition (a city, borough, or township) by ordinance into sections reserved for different purposes (as residence or business

land:zoning =??

国土:分区制=??

Sample:The city zoned the land for business.