list 29 trepidation --- victimize
trepidation [trepI5deIF(E)n] n. 恐惧，惶恐
timorous uncertain agitation:apprehension
audacious:trepidation=laconic:volubility
大胆的:恐惧=简洁的:冗长的（形容词和名词的反面特征）
dauntless:trepidation=footloose:attachment
大胆的:恐惧=自由的:附属物（形容词和名词的反面特征）
dauntless<>trepid
大胆的<>惊恐的
trepidation<>sober
颤抖<>镇定
trepidation<>aplomb
颤抖<>镇定
Synonyms: FEAR, alarm,
consternation, dismay, dread, fright, horror, panic, terror, trepidity
Sample:The idealized paintings of nature produced in
the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval fear of natural settings
had been exorcised and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without
trepidation.
trespass [5trespEs] vi. 侵夺，犯罪，冒犯，打扰 ，侵入
to enter unlawfully upon the land of
another
usurp:take=trespass:enter {overwhelm:defeat}
霸占:获得=侵入:进入 { 制服:击败 }（非法与正常）
trespass:boundary=transgress:rule
侵入:边界=违犯:规则 (动宾关系)
trespass<>undo
侵犯<>撤销
trespass<>without to intrude
侵犯<>不侵犯
trespass<>obey
冒犯<>遵从
Synonyms: encroach, entrench, infringe, invade
Sample:Hunters trespassed onto the farmer's
fields.
tribute [5trIbju:t] n.贡物；颂词
a payment by one ruler or nation to another in
acknowledgment of submission or as the price of protection; also :the tax levied for such a
payment
reprobation<>acclaim/tribute
斥责<>赞扬/颂词
mockery<>tribute
嘲弄<>尊重
Synonyms:
ENCOMIUM, citation,
eulogy, panegyric, salutation
Sample:The colonists refused to pay
tribute to a foreign despot.
trickle [5trIk(E)l] v．一滴滴地流，徐徐地流
to issue or fall in drops
blast:whiff=gush:trickle
大风:小气流=喷涌:滴流（名词程度类比）
Synonyms: DRIP,
distill, drib, dribble, drop, trill, weep
Sample:As the rains continued, the trickle of water
running down the hillside grew into a rivulet that threatened to wash away a
portion of the slope.
trite [traIt] adj.陈腐的，陈词滥调的
hackneyed or boring from much use:not fresh
or original
trite<>unbanal
陈腐的<>不陈腐的
trite<>fresh/original
陈腐的<>创新的
trite<>unhackneyed
陈腐的<>未陈旧的
Synonyms: bathetic, chain, cliche,
cliched, commonplace, corny, hack, hackneyed, musty, old hat, shopworn, stale,
stereotyped, stereotypical, threadbare, timeworn, tired, twice-told,
warmed-over, well-worn, worn-out
Sample:Thr trite and predictable situations in many
television programs alienate
many viewers.
triumph [5traIEmf] n. 凯旋，胜利，欢欣
a victory or conquest by or as if by military
force
Synonyms: VICTORY , conquest, win
Sample:Relishing his triumph, Costner especially
savored the chagrin of the critics who had predicted his failure.
trivial [5trIvIEl] adj. 琐细的，日常的，轻微的，平常的
of little worth or importance
substantive<>trivial
实质的<>轻微的
trivial<>massive
琐细的<>宏伟的
grandiose<>trivial
宏伟的<>微不足道的
indispensable<>trivial
不可缺少的<>微不足道的
Synonyms: PETTY , inconsequential,
measly, Mickey Mouse, paltry, picayune, picayunish, puny, trifling,
unconsequential
Sample:Joe spoke of superfluous and vital matters
with exactly the same degree of intensity, as though for him serious issues mattered
neither more nor less than did trivialities .
troupe [tru:p]
n.剧团
a company or group,
especially of touring actors, singers, or dancers
troupe:perform=chorus:sing
剧团:表演=合唱队:演唱 （团体及其特征行为）
trophy [5trEJfI] n．奖品，战利品
something gained or given in victory or conquest
especially when preserved or mounted as a memorial
trophy:contestant=honors:student
奖品:竞争者=荣誉:学生（人及其追求的目标）
Synonyms: REMEMBRANCE , keepsake,
memento, memorial, relic, remembrancer, reminder, souvenir, token
Sample:The race car driver held the trophy up
high after he won the race.
truant [5tru:Ent] n.逃学，逃学者
adj. 偷懒的,旷课的,游荡的
one who shirks duty; especially :one who stays out of school
without permission
truant<>dutiful
逃学者<>本分的
Sample:School authorities send truant officers to find truants.
truculent [5trQkjJlEnt] adj. 残暴的，凶狠的
feeling or displaying ferocity:cruel,
savage
truculent:gentleness=unregenerate:remorse
残暴的:温顺的:罪孽深重:懊悔的（反义关系）
truculent<>gentle
凶狠的<>温和的
truculent<>pacific
好斗的<>和平的
pacific<>truculent
和平的<>好战的
truculent<>placid
好斗的<>平静的
genial<>truculent
温和的<>好战凶猛的
truculent<>meek
好战的<>温和的
Synonyms: ABUSIVE,
contumelious, invective, opprobrious, scurrile, scurrilous, vituperative,
vituperatory, vituperous
trudge [trQdV] vt.跋涉，吃力地走
to walk or march steadily and usually
laboriously
lug:carry=trudge:walk
拖拉:运送=跋涉:走（程度类比）
Synonyms:
PLOD , footslog, plodge,
plunther, slog, slop, stodge, toil
truncate [5trQNkeIt] v. 把（某物）截短，去尾
to shorten by or as if by cutting off
truncate:extent=simplify:complexity{minimize:component}
截短:长度=简化:复杂性 (行为及其作用对象)
prolong<>truncate
延长<>截短
Synonyms: TOP ,
crop, detruncate, pollard
Sample:The top of the cone that has been truncated
in a plane parallel to its base is a circle.
truss [trQs] n.(干草的)一捆, 一束, 构架，托架
A rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal
bars, designed to support a structure, such as a roof.
ballast:stability=truss:support
压舱物:稳定性=托架:支持作用 （物品及其增强对象）
Sample:Trusses were installed to prevent the
tunnel from falling in.
tumult [`tjU:mQlt] n.骚动，暴动，吵闹
disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually
with uproar and confusion of voices:commotion
tumultuous:bedlam=active:hive
骚动的:疯人院=活跃的:蜂房（事物及其正面特征）
tumult<>quietude/quiescence
骚动<>安静
tumultuous<>serene
骚动的<>平静的
tumult<>tranquility
骚动<>安静
tumult/bedlam/riot<>serenity
骚动/混乱/骚乱<>平静
Synonyms: COMMOTION , clamor,
hassle, hubbub, hurly-burly, pother, to-do, turmoil, uproar, whirl
Sample:She could not make herself heard over the
tumult of the mob.
turbid [5t\:bId] adj. 混浊的，紊乱的
deficient in clarity or purity:foul,
muddy
Synonyms: muddy, riley, roily
Sample:The water was turbid after the children had
waded through it.
turbulent [5t\:bjJlEnt] adj.骚动的，骚乱的
causing
unrest, violence, or disturbance
maelstrom:turbulent=mirage:illusory
大漩涡:混乱的=海市蜃楼:幻影的（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: boisterous, disorderly,
rambunctious, raucous, rowdy, rowdydowdy, rowdyish, rumbustious, termagant,
tumultuous, unruly
Sample:We were frightened by the turbulence of the
ocean during the storm.
turgid [5t\:dVId] adj. 浮肿的，浮夸的
excessively embellished in style or language:bombastic,
pompous
turgid<>simple
浮夸的<>简朴的
Synonyms: INFLATED, dropsical,
dropsied, flatulent, overblown, tumescent, tumid, windy
Sample:The turgid river threatened to overflow the
levees and flood the contryside.
turmoil [5t\:mCIl] n. 骚动，混乱
a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or
commotion
turmoil<>tranquility
骚动<>安静
Synonyms: COMMOTION , agitation, confusion,
dither, flap, lather, pother, stew, tumult, turbulence
Sample:Many of her followers remain loyal to her,
and even those who have rejected her leadership are unconvinced of the wisdom
of replacing her during the current turmoil.
turncoat [5t\:nkEJt] n. 背叛者，变节者
one who switches to an opposing side or party; specifically :traitor
bigot:tolerance=turncoat:constancy
顽固者:容忍=背叛者:坚定不移 （人及其反面特征）
turncoat:constancy=simpleton:sagacity
背叛者:坚持不懈=笨蛋:睿智（人及其反面特征）
turncoat:consistency=recluse:compassion
背叛者:一致=遁世者:同情（人及其反面特征）
constancy<>turncoat
坚定不移<>背叛者
Sample:The British considered Benedict Arnold a
loyalist; the Americans considered him a turncoat.
turret [5tQrIt] n. 小塔, 塔楼, 炮塔
a little tower; specifically :an ornamental structure
at an angle of a larger structure
castle:turret=sea:beacon
城堡:塔楼=海洋:灯塔 （建筑物及其所属）
tutor [5tju:tE(r)] v.辅导 n. 家庭教师，导师，助教，监护人
a person charged with the instruction and
guidance of another
untutored<>polished
粗野的<>有教养的
Sample:In providing tutorial assistance and college
scholarships to hundreds of economically disadvantaged youths, Eugene Lang
performed a truly altruistic
deed.
typo [5taIpEJ] n. 打字错误
an error (as of spelling) in typed or typeset
material
typo:text=bug:software
打字错误:文本=小错误:软件（错误和正常）
Sample:From the number of typos and misspellings
I've found on it, it's clear that Mario proofread the report in a remarkably
slapdash fashion.
ugly [5Q^lI] adj. 丑陋的,邪恶的,险恶的,不祥的
offensive to the sight:HIDEOUS
pulchritude<>ugliness/{hideous}
美丽<>丑陋/{丑恶的} 【hideous 词性不符】
Synonyms: hideous, ill-favored, ill-looking, unbeautiful,
uncomely, unsightly
Sample:An ugly frown disfigured his
normally pleasant face.
unavailing [QnE5veIlIN] adj. 无益的,无用的,无效的,徒劳的
not availing:FUTILE, USELESS
Synonyms: FUTILE, abortive, bootless, fruitless, ineffective,
ineffectual, unavailable, unproductive, useless, vain
Sample:Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment
of child support are available, the delay and expense associated with these
remedies make it imperative to develop other options.
uncanny [Qn5kAnI] adj. 离奇的敏锐或锐利得近乎不可思议的
seeming to have a supernatural character or
origin:EERIE, MYSTERIOUS
uncanny<>ordinary
离奇的<>普通的
Synonyms: WEIRD, eerie, spooky,
unearthly
Sample:She has an uncanny
flair for discovering new artists before the public has become aware of their
existence.
uncouth [Qn5ku:W] adj. 粗俗的,怪异的
awkward and uncultivated in
appearance, manner, or behavior
uncouth:churl=conspiratorial:conniver
粗俗的:粗野的人=阴谋的:阴谋家 (人物及其正面特征)
seemly<>uncouth
合适的<>粗俗的
Synonyms: COARSE , crass, crude, gross, inelegant, raw, rough,
rude, unrefined, vulgar
Sample:Most biographers portray Lincoln as
an uncouth and ungainly young man.
unctuous [5QNktjJEs] adj. 油腔滑调的，油似的, 油质的, 松软肥沃的
smooth and greasy in texture or
appearance
placebo:innocuous=salve:unctuous
安慰剂:无害的，不刺激人的=药膏:油的（事物以及正面特征）
sanctimonious:devoted=unctuous:earnest
假装虔诚的:虔诚的=假殷勤:热心（真与假）
Synonyms: FULSOME, oily, oleaginous, slick, smarmy, soapy, unctuous
Sample:Far from being unctuous, Pat was
always loath to appear acquiescent. (9504)
undermine [QndE5maIn] v.破坏
to weaken
or ruin by degrees
aggrandize<>undermine
加强<>破坏
Synonyms: WEAKEN, attenuate, blunt, cripple, debilitate, disable,
enfeeble, sap, unbrace, unstrengthen
Sample:It is no
accident that most people find Davis' book disturbing, for it is calculated to
undermine a number beliefs they have long cherished.
underscore [9QndE`skR:(r)] n. 下划线
line drawn under a word or line especially for
emphasis or to indicate intent to italicize
underscore:emphasis=brand:ownership
下划线:强调=商标:所有权 （事物及其表达含义）
underscore<>de-emphasize/downplay
强调<>不予重视
Synonyms: EMPHASIZE, feature, italicize, play (up), stress,
underline
Sample:Adressing the jogging class, Kim
underscored the importance to runners of good nutrition.
underdog [5QndEdR^] n. 牺牲者,受害者,输家
a loser or predicted loser in a
struggle or contest
underdog<>bully
受害者<>欺凌弱小者
Synonyms: VICTIM , bottom dog, casualty, prey
Sample:Our team was the underdog in the
basketball game, but we won.
unexceptionable [QnIk5sepFEnEb(E)l] adj. 无懈可击的,极好的,完全的
not open to objection or criticism:beyond
reproach: UNIMPEACHABLE
unexceptionable:oppose=unique:precedent
无懈可击的:反对=独一无二的:先例
（事物特征及其反面）【oppose词性不符】
Synonyms: DECENT, acceptable, adequate, all right, common,
satisfactory, sufficient, tolerable, unexceptional, unimpeachable
Sample:Although some of her fellow
scientists decried the unorthodox laboratory methodology that others found
innovative, unanimous praise greeted her experimental results:at once
pioneering and unexceptionable.
unexceptional [QnIk5sepFEn(E)l] adj. 非例外的,普通的,平凡的
not out of the ordinary:COMMONPLACE
Synonyms: COMMON , commonplace, ordinary, prosaic, uneventful,
unnoteworthy
Sample:Perhaps predictably, since an
ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader,
it has been the exceptional Presidents who have delivered the most notable
inaugural addresses.
unflappable [9Qn`flApEbl] adj.镇定的，从容不迫的
marked by assurance and
self-control
unflappable:upset=obstinate:persuade
镇定的:慌乱=倔强的:说服 （人的特点与其反面被动行为，）
unflappable<>disturbed
镇定的<>扰乱的
Synonyms: COOL , collected, composed, disimpassioned,
imperturbable, nonchalant, unruffled
Sample:A general must be unflappable when
fighting the enemy.
ungainly [Qn5geInlI] adj．笨拙的，不雅的
lacking in smoothness or dexterity:CLUMSY
loquacious:succinct=adroit:ungainly
多话的:简洁的=灵活的:笨拙的(反义关系)
lissome<>ungainly
敏捷的<>笨拙的
adroit<>ungainly
敏捷的<>笨拙的
ungainly<>dexterous
笨拙的<>灵巧的
Synonyms: CLUMSY , awkward, gawky, lumbering, lumpish,
splathering, splay
Sample:He is an ungainly young man; he
trips over everything.
unimpeachable [QnIm5pi:tFEb(E)l] adj．无可指摘的，无可置疑的
not impeachable:not to be called in
question:not liable to accusation:IRREPROACHABLE, BLAMELESS
Synonyms: DECENT, acceptable, adequate, all right, common, satisfactory,
sufficient, tolerable, unexceptionable, unexceptional
Sample:Her conduct in office was
unimpeachable and her record is spotless.
unkempt [Qn5kempt] adj．（衣服，头发）不整洁的
deficient in order or neatness
unkempt<>dapper
不整洁的<>整洁的
Synonyms: SLOVENLY, disheveled, ill-kempt, messy, slipshod,
sloppy, uncombed, unfastidious, unneat, untidy
Sample:The beggar was dirty and unkempt.
unlettered [Qn5letEd] adj. 无教育的,无学问的,文盲的
lacking facility in reading and writing and
ignorant of the knowledge to be gained from books
erudite<>smattering of
knowledge/ignorant/unlettered
博学的<>知识浅薄的/无知识的/无学问的
Synonyms: IGNORANT, benighted, empty-headed, illiterate, rude,
uneducated, uninstructed, unschooled, untaught, untutored
unpretentious [QnprI5tenFEs] adj. 不炫耀的,含蓄的,谦虚的
free from ostentation, elegance, or
affectation:MODEST
bombastic<>unpretentious
夸大的<>不炫耀的
Synonyms: PLAIN, discreet, inelaborate, modest, simple,
unbeautified, unelaborate, unembellished, ungarnished, unostentatious
Sample:I do not feel that your limited
resources will permit you to carry out such a pretentious program.
unrequited [QnrI5kwaItId] adj. 无报答的,不受报酬影响
not requited:not reciprocated or
returned in kind
remunerative<>unrequited
有报酬的<>无报答的
Sample:Suffering the pangs of unrequited
love, Olivia rebukes Cesario for his hard-heartedness.
unruly [Qn5ru:lI] adj. 难控制的,无法无天的,任性的
not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed presumptuous : unruly
unruly:authority=refractory:change
不受拘束的:权威=难控制的:改变
subdued<>unruly
屈服的<>难控制的
unruly<>disciplined
难控制的<>遵守纪律的
Synonyms: fractious, indocile, indomitable, intractable,
recalcitrant, uncontrollable, undisciplinable, undisciplined, ungovernable,
unmanageable, untoward, wild
Sample:The only way to curb this unruly
mob is to use tear gas.
untenable [Qn5tenEb(E)l] adj.难以防守的,站不住脚的
not able to be defended
untenable:defense=invulnerable:injury
不能防守的:防卫=不会受伤害的:伤害 (事物特性及其反面被动特征)
incontrovertible:disputed=untenable:defended
{intrepid:feared}
无疑的:争议=无法抵抗的:防卫{无畏的:恐惧}(事物特性及其反面被动特征)
untenable<>defensible
无法抵抗的<>可抵抗的
Synonyms: INEXCUSABLE, indefensible, inexpiable, unforgivable,
unjustifiable, unpardonable
Sample:I find your theory untenable and
must reject it.
untold [5Qn5tEJld] adj.无数的，数不清的
too great or numerous to
count:INCALCULABLE, VAST
countless/innumerable/myriad/untold:number=everlasting/interminable:duration
无数的／数不清的／一万的，种种的／数不尽的:号，号码=持久的／无终止的；冗长的:持续 ( 事物及其正面特征)
untold<>able to
quantify/quantifiable/calculable
数不清的<>可以定量的/可以计量的/可计算的
Synonyms: INNUMERABLE, countless, innumerous, numberless,
uncountable, uncounted, unnumberable, unnumbered
Sample:That factory cost untold millions of
dollars to build.
untoward [Qn5tC:rd] adj. 不幸的，（坏事）没料到的
not favorable:ADVERSE, UNPROPITIOUS
untoward<>favorable
麻烦的<>有利的
untoward<>fortunate
不幸的<>幸运的
toward<>obdurate
良好的<>冷酷的
auspicious<>untoward
吉兆的<>不幸的
untoward<>propitious
不幸的<>吉利的
Synonyms: UNLUCKY, hapless, ill-fated, ill-starred, luckless,
misfortunate, star-crossed, unfortunate, unhappy
Sample:Untoward circumstances prevent me
from being with you on this festive occasion.
unwitting [Qn5wItIN] adj.不知情的
not knowing:UNAWARE
conscious<>unwitting
有意识的<>不知情的
Synonyms: IGNORANT, incognizant,
inconversant, oblivious, unacquainted, unaware, unfamiliar, uninformed,
uninstructed, unknowing
Sample:She was the unwitting tool of the
swindlers
unwonted [Qn5wEJntId] adj. 不习惯的,不寻常的,非习常的
not accustomed by experience
habit<>unwonted behavior
习惯<>不习惯
unwonted<>usual
不习惯的<>平常的
upbraid<>praise
责骂<>赞扬
Synonyms: EXCEPTIONAL, extraordinary, rare, singular, uncommon,
unimaginable, unique, unordinary, unthinkable, unusual
Sample:He hesitated to assume the unwonted
role of master of ceremonies at the
dinner.
upbraid [Qp5breId] vt. 谴责,责骂,申斥
to
reproach severely:scold vehemently
upbraid<>laud/extol
谴责<>赞美/颂扬
Synonyms: SCOLD, bawl out, berate, bless out, chew out, lash,
rate, revile, tongue-lash, vituperate
Sample:I must upbraid him for his unruly
behavior.
uphold [Qp5hEJld] vt. 支撑,赞成,坚持,举起,鼓励
to support against an opponent
abrogate<>embrace/institute/uphold
取消<>拥抱/创立/赞成
impugn<>uphold
指责<>赞同
Synonyms: SUPPORT, advocate, back, backstop, champion, side
(with)
Sample:Before adapting to changes in
values, many prefer to resist, to defend the universally agreed-on principles
that have been upheld for centuries.(9510)
uproar [`QprR:(r)] n. 喧嚣,骚动
a state of commotion, excitement,
or violent disturbance
Synonyms: COMMOTION , clamor, hassle, hubbub, hurly-burly,
pother, to-do, tumult, turmoil, whirl
Sample:The uproarious comedy hit Home
Alone featured Macaulay Culkin, whose mugging and comic antics provoked gales
of uproarious laughter from audiences coast to coast.
upset [5Qpset] adj. 烦乱的,不高兴
to trouble mentally or
emotionally:disturb the poise of
unflappable:upset=obstinate:persuade
镇定的:慌乱=倔强的:说服 （人的特点与其反面被动行为）
Synonyms: DISCOMPOSE , agitate, bother, discombobulate, disquiet,
disturb, flurry, fluster, perturb, unhinge
Sample:The revenous dog upset several
garbage pails in its search for food.
urbane [\:5beIn] adj. 温文尔雅的，懂礼的
notably polite or finished in
manner:POLISHED
urbane<>rude/rustic
彬彬有礼的<>粗鲁无礼的/纯朴的
urbanity<>artlessness
彬彬有礼<>天真
urbanity<>oafishness
有礼貌<>痴呆的，畸形的
Synonyms: GENTEEL, cultivated, cultured, polished, refined,
well-bred
Sample:Some customs travel well; often,
however, behavior that is considered the epitome of urbanity at home is
perceived as impossibly rude or, at the least, harmlessly bizarre abroad.
urge [\:dV] vi. 强烈要求
to present, advocate, or demand
earnestly or pressingly
didactic:teach=hortatory:urge {risible:ridicule}
教训的:教育=劝告的，激励的:激励
{爱笑的:嘲笑} (人物个性及其特征行为)
Synonyms: egg (on), exhort, goad, prick, prod, prompt, propel,
sic, spur
Sample:Tourists are urged not to profane
the sanctity of holy places by wearing improper garb.
usurp [5jJzEp] vt. 篡夺,做霸占行为,夺取
to take the place of by or as if by
force:SUPPLANT
usurp:take=trespass:enter {overwhelm:defeat}
霸占:获得=侵入:进入 { 制服:击败 }（非法与正常）
impostor:identity=usurper:authorization
{barbarian:property}
冒名顶替者:身份=篡位者:权利 ( 特征人物及其追求目标)
usurp <> assume rightfully
篡权<>正当的就职
Synonyms: ARROGATE , accroach, appropriate, assume, commandeer,
preempt
Sample:The revolution ended when the
victorious rebel leader usurped the throne.
utter [5QtE(r)] vt. 发出,做声,流通,发射
to give public expression
to:express in words
flit:move=blurt:utter
迅速飞过:移动=突然说出:出声 （快:正常）
talisman:object=incantation:utterance
护身符:物品＝口头禅:话 （种属关系）
circumlocution<>pithy utters/utter
concisely/straightforword utter
累赘的话<>简练的话
jest<>solemn utterance
玩笑<>严肃的话
Synonyms: SAY, bring out, chime in, come out (with), declare,
deliver, state, tell, throw out
Sample:His stilted rhetoric did not
impress the college audience; they were immune to bombastic utterances.
vaccinate [5vAksIneIt] vt.vi. 预防接种
to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in
order to produce immunity to smallpox
soporific:sleep=vaccinating:immunity
催眠的:睡觉=接种的:免疫(因果关系)
vaccination:immune=overexposure:jaded
接种疫苗:免疫的=感光过度:厌倦的(因果关系)
buttress:strength=vaccination:immure
扶墙:强度=接种疫苗:免疫(事物及其增强对象)
Sample:The nurse
vaccinated the child against the flu.
vacillate [`vAsIleIt] adj. 摇动的; 摇摆的; 犹豫不决的
to sway through lack of
equilibrium:FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE
impetuous:vacillation/hesitation=bumptious:humbleness
冲动的:犹豫=傲慢的:谦逊（形容词与名词的反义关系）
bristle:anger=vacillate:unresolution { condone:mercy} {condemn:warning}
发怒:愤怒=忧郁不定:不坚决{ 赦免:仁慈} {谴责:警告}
persistence:vacillate=inertia:react
坚持:犹豫=惯性:反应 (反面特征)
vacillate:uncertainty=apologize:contrite
犹豫:不确定=道歉:后悔(动作及内心表达)
vacillate:swing=momentum:scutter
犹豫:动摇=动力:疾走 （因果关系）
adamant<>vacillatory
坚定的<>犹豫不决的
impetuosity<>hesitance/vacillation
激烈<>踌躇/游移不定
pertinacity<>vacillation
执拗<>踌躇
equipoise<>vacillate
使平衡<>摇摆
resolute<>vacillate
坚决的<>犹豫不定
resolution<>vacillation
决心<>犹豫
Synonyms: HESITATE, dither, falter, halt, shilly-shally, stagger,
waver, whiffle, wiggle-waggle
Sample:Uncertain which suitor she ought to
marry, the princess vacillated, saying now one, now the other.
vacuous [5vAkjJEs] adj．空的,空洞的,愚蠢的,茫然的,无所事事的
marked by lack of ideas or
intelligence:STUPID, INANE
nil:quantity=vacuum:matter
零:数量=真空:物质 （反义关系）
vacuous<>intelligent
心灵空虚的<>聪明的
vacuous<>omniscient
空的,空虚的<>全知的, 无所不知的
Synonyms: EMPTY, bare, clear, stark,
vacant, void
Sample:The candidate's vacuous remarks
annoyed the audience, who had hoped to hear more than empty platitudes
vagary [5veI^ErI] n. 奇想，异想天开
an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant
manifestation, action, or notion
vagary:predict=impossibility:execute
奇特行为:预知=不可能之事:实行 ( 事物及其反面被动特征)
vagary:predict=indemonstrable:prove=acme:surpass
奇特行为:预知=不能证明的:证明 =顶峰:超越（事物特征及其反面被动行为）
vagary:predict=diehard:budge
奇特行为:预知=顽固的人:动摇 （事物特征及其反面被动行为）
Synonyms: CAPRICE, bee, boutade, conceit, crotchet, fancy, freak,
humor, megrim, whim
Sample:She
followed every vagary of fashion.
vagrant [5veI^rEnt] n. 流浪汉,漂泊者,无赖
one who has no established residence and
wanders idly from place to place without lawful or visible means of support
Synonyms: VAGABOND, bum, derelict, drifter, floater, hobo, street
arab, tramp, vag
Sample:Ever prey to vagrant impulses that
impelled him to squander his talents on a host of unworthy projects, his very
dissipation nonetheless enhanced his reputation, for the sheer energy of his
extravagance dazzled observers.
vague [veI^] adj. 含糊的,不清楚的,茫然的
not thinking or expressing one's
thoughts clearly or precisely
trenchant<>vague
清晰的<>含糊的
vague<>well defined
不清楚的<>详细说明的
vague<>express
含糊的<>明确的
Synonyms: OBSCURE, ambiguous, amphibological, equivocal, opaque,
tenebrous, uncertain, unclear, unexplicit, unintelligible
Sample:Despite these vague categories，one
should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes
cannot be legitimately observed.
valediction [vAlI5dIkF(E)n] n．告别演说，告别词
an act of bidding farewell
panegyric:praise=valediction:farewell
夸大的颂词:称赞=告别:辞别 （ 事物及其表达的含义）
valediction<>greeting
告别<>欢迎
Sample:The valedictory address, as it has
developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a
very strict form, a literary genre that permits very little deviation.
valiant [5vAljEnt] adj.英勇的
possessing or acting with bravery
or boldness:COURAGEOUS
valiant:entrapped=demanding:satisfied
勇猛的:被俘获的=苛求的:满意的 ( 反义关系)
vigilant:entrapped=exacting:satisfied
警醒的:被骗的=苛求的:感到满意的（反义关系）
valiant<> pusillanimous
勇敢的<>胆怯的
valiant<>craven
勇敢的<>胆怯的
Synonyms: BRAVE, audacious, bold,
courageous, dauntless, doughty, fearless, intrepid, undaunted, valorous
Sample:The firefighter made a valiant effort to
save the child from the burning house.
valid [5vAlId] adj. 有确实根据的,有效的,正当的
logically correct
specious<>valid
似是而非的<>有效的
fallacy<>valid argument
错误观念<>正确的论点
Synonyms: cogent, convincing, satisfactory, satisfying, solid,
sound, telling
Sample:Every new theory not only must
accommodate the valid predictions of the old theory, but must also explain why
those predictions succeeded within the range of that old theory.
vanquish [5vANkwIF] vt. 打败,征服,克服
to defeat in a conflict or contest
dominate:vanquished=??
占优势:被征服的:?? (人物行为及其反面特征)
Synonyms: CONQUER, bear down, beat down, crush, defeat,
overpower, reduce, subdue, subjugate
Sample:The soldiers vanquished the enemy.
vapid [5vApId] adj. 索然无味的
lacking liveliness, tang,
briskness, or force:FLAT, DULL
bracing<>vapid
令人振奋的<>乏味的
vapid<>zeal
乏味的<>热衷 【 zeal 词性不符】
vapid<>inventive {pleasant}
乏味的<>有创造性的{ 有趣的}【此题争议较大】
vapid<>piquant
乏味的<>开胃的
vapid<>riveting
索然无味的<>非常动听的
vapid<>zesty
乏味的<>兴致高的
Synonyms: INSIPID, driveling, flat,
inane, innocuous, jejune, milk-and-water, namby-pamby, sapless, wishy-washy
Sample:There is hardly a generalization
that can be made about people’s social behavior and the values informing it
that cannot be challenged from one or another point of view, or even dismissed
as simplistic or vapid.
vaporize [5veIpEraIz] vt.vi. (使)蒸发
to convert (as by the application of heat or
by spraying) into vapor
scuff:abrasion=heat:vaporization
使磨损:磨损=加热:汽化(行为及其结果关系)
abraded:friction=vaporized:heat
磨损:摩擦=蒸发:加热 （作用及其结果）
gasification<>solidification
汽化<>固体化
vaporization<>solidification
汽化<>固体化
vaporous<>substantial
无实质的<>实质上的
variance [5veErIEns] n. 分岐；差异
the fact, quality, or state of being variable
or variant: DIFFERENCE, VARIATION
immutable<>variable
不可变的<>可变的
variance<>congruity
不一致<>一致
Synonyms: difference, variation
Sample:The notion that cultural and
biological influences equally determine cross-cultural diversity is discredited
by the fact that, in countless aspects of human existence, it is cultural
programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.
varnish [5vB:nIF] n. 清漆，v. 涂上清漆
to apply varnish to
glaze:porcelain=varnish:wood
上釉:瓷器=使有光泽:木制品 （行为及其作用对象）
varnish:glossy=sand:smooth
涂油漆于,使有光泽:有光泽的=撒沙,使光滑:平滑的 (行为及其作用)
varnish:wood=wax:linoleum
涂油漆于:木制品=上蜡于:油布 （行为及其作用对象）
vault [vR:lt] n. 窖,地下室,撑竿跳,圆顶
a room or compartment for the
safekeeping of valuables
larder:provisions=vault:valuables
食物柜:粮草=地窖:贵重物品 (物及场所存储关系)
Sample:Much
bullion is stored in the vaults at Fort Knox.
vaunt [vC:nt] vt.vi. 自夸
to make a vain display of one's own
worth or attainments:BRAG
vaunt<>deprecate
吹嘘<>抨击
vaunting<>meek
傲慢的<>谦恭的
vaunt<>downplay/understate
自夸<>不予重视/保守的说
vaunt<>humble
傲慢<>谦逊的 【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: BOAST, blow, brag, cock-a-doodle-doo, crow, gasconade,
mouth, prate, puff, rodomontade
Sample:This much vaunted project proved a
disappointment when it collapsed.
veer [vIE(r)] v．转向，改变（话题等）
to change direction or course
veer:direction=convert:belief
转向:方向=改变信仰:信仰 （行为及其作用对象）
veer<>maintain constant
改变<>保持不变
Synonyms: TURN , avert, deflect, divert, pivot, sheer,
volte-face, wheel, whip, whirl
Sample:After what seemed an eternity, the
wind veered to the east and the storm abated.
vehement [5vi:EmEnt] adj.猛烈的；激烈的
marked by forceful energy:POWERFUL
vehement<>languid
激烈的<>无精打采的
vehement<>apathetic
激烈的<>缺乏感情的
vehement<>lull
激烈的<>使平静
vehement<>tepid
激烈的<>微温的
Synonyms: INTENSE , concentrated, desperate, exquisite, fierce,
furious, terrible, vicious, violent
Sample:He spoke with vehement eloquence in
defense of his client.
venom [5venEm] n. 毒液,恶意
poisonous matter normally secreted by some
animals (as snakes, scorpions, or bees) and transmitted to prey or an enemy
chiefly by biting or stinging
placebo:innocuous=venom:noxious/toxic
宽心剂:无毒的=毒液:有毒的 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: POISON, bane, contagion, virus
Sample:The habitat of the horned viper, a
particularly venomous snake, is in sandy regions like the Sahara or the Sinai
peninsula.
venal [5vi:n(E)l] adj. 唯利是图的，贪脏枉法的
capable of being bought or obtained for money
or other valuable consideration:PURCHASABLE; especially :open to corrupt influence and especially
bribery:MERCENARY
venal<>unsusceptible of bribery
贪污的<>不易受贿赂影响的
Synonyms: bribable, buyable, corruptible, purchasable
Sample:The venal policeman accepted the
bribe offered him by the speeding motorist whom he had stopped.
vendor [5vendE(r)] n. 小贩,卖主,自动售货机
one that sell especially as a
hawker or peddler
vendor:purvey=censor:expurgate
小贩:供应=检查员:修订 (人物及其特征行为)
Sample:The fruit vendor sold her wares
from a stall on the sidewalk.
veneer [vI5nIE(r)] n. （镶于劣质东西上的）镶面板，外表
a layer of wood of superior value or excellent
grain to be glued to an inferior wood
foil:metal=veneer:wood
金属薄片:金属=镶面板:木材 （事物及其表面装饰物）
veneer:furniture=baseboard:wall
饰面:家具=护壁板:墙壁 （事物及其表面装饰物）
glaze:porcelain=veneer:furniture
釉:瓷器=饰面:家具 （事物及其表面装饰物）
Synonyms: MASK, cover, disguise, facade, face, false front,
front, show, veil, window dressing
Sample:Casual acquaintances were deceived
by his veneer of sophistication and failed to recognize his fundamental
shallowness.
venerate [5venEreIt] vt.敬拜；崇拜
to regard with reverential respect
or with admiring deference
perfunctorily:inspiration=insolently:veneration
马虎的:激情=无礼的:尊敬(行为及其反面特征)
venerable:reverence=despicable:scorn
值得尊敬的:尊敬=可鄙的:轻视
（人物特征及其行为（被动））
veneration<>derision
尊敬<>嘲笑
venerate<>contempt
尊敬<>蔑视
veneration<>disdain
尊敬<>嘲笑
venerate<>dishonor
尊敬<>玷污
venerate<>despise/scorn
尊敬<>蔑视
Synonyms: REVERE, adore, reverence, worship
Sample:Old age, even in cultures where it
is venerated, is often viewed with ambivalence.
vengeful [5vendVfJl] adj. 复仇心重的,报复的
serving to gain vengeance
Synonyms:
VINDICTIVE, revengeful,
wreakful
Sample:He has a vengeful attitude and wants to
kill his brother's murderer.
venial [5vi:nIEl] adj. （错误等）轻微的，可原谅的
of a kind that can be remitted:FORGIVABLE,
PARDONABLE; also :meriting no
particular censure or notice:EXCUSABLE
venial:excuse=pellucid:understand
可宽恕的:原谅=易懂的:明白（事物特征及其被动结果）
Synonyms: excusable, forgivable, pardonable, remittable
Sample:We may
regard a hugry man's stealing as a venial crime.
ventilate [5ventIleIt] vt. 使空气流通,使通风,宣布,公开
to examine, discuss, or investigate freely and
openly:EXPOSE
Synonyms: EXPRESS, air, give, put, state, vent
Sample:She
ventilated the room by opening a window.
veracious [vE5reIFEs] adj．诚实的，说真话的
TRUTHFUL, HONEST
veracious<>mendacious
诚实的<>虚假的
mendacity<>veracity
虚假<>诚实
fallacious<>veracious
假的<>真实的
Synonyms: TRUTHFUL, true-tongued,
truth-speaking, truth-telling, veridical
Sample:I can recommend him for this position
because I have always found him veracious and reliable.
verbatim [v\:5beItIm] adj. 逐字的,照字面的
being in or following the exact
words:WORD-FOR-WORD
paraphrase:verbatim=approximate:precise
改写:逐字的=近似:精确的 （ 行为及其反面特征）
argot<>standard language/common verbalism
隐语,暗语<>规则地语言/普通地言语
Synonyms: direct, directly, literally, literatim, word for word
Sample:He repeated the message verbatim.
verbose [v\:5bEJs] adj. 用字多的,冗长,累赘的
containing more words than
necessary:WORDY
laconism<>verbosity
语句简洁<>赘言
verbosity<>succinctness
冗长<>简洁
succinct<>verbose
简洁的<>罗嗦的
verbose<>concise
冗长的<>简洁的
taciturn<>verbose
沉默寡言的<>用字多的
Synonyms: WORDY, diffuse, long-winded, palaverous, prolix,
redundant, windy
Sample:This article is too verbose; we
must edit it.
verdant [5v\:dEnt] adj. 翠绿的,青翠的,生疏的,不老练的
green with growing plants
verdant<>sterile
翠绿的<>贫瘠的
morbid<>verdant
病态的<>青翠的
verdant<>barren
翠绿的<>贫瘠的
Sample:Monet's paintings of the verdant
meadows were symphonies in green.
verdict [5v\:dIkt] n. 裁决,判决,结论,定论,判断
the finding or decision of a jury on the
matter submitted to it in trial
Sample:The widespread public shock at the
news of the guilty verdict was caused partly by biased news stories that had
predicted acquittal.
verify [5verIfaI] vt. 查证,证实,检验
to establish the truth, accuracy,
or reality of
plumb:depth=verify:accuracy
用铅锤测量:深度=校验:精确性 （动宾关系）
refutation<>verification
反驳<>确认
unsubstantiated<>verified
未经证实的<>已证实的
verifiable<>fallacious
可证实的<>错误的
refute<>verify
反驳<>证实
Synonyms: CONFIRM, authenticate, bear out, corroborate, justify,
substantiate, validate
Sample:Our biological uniqueness requires that
the effects of a substance must be verified by human experiments, even after
thousands of tests of the effects of that substance on animals.
vernacular [vE5nAkjJlE(r)] n. 本国语；本地话，方言
The standard native language of a country or
locality
vernacular:place=jargon:profession
方言:地方=行话:行业 （语言及其所适用范围）
Synonyms: colloquial, vulgar, vulgate
Sample:Because early United States writers
thought that the mark of great literature was grandiosity and elegance not to
be found in common speech, they avoided the vernacular.(9510)
versatile [5v\:sEtaIl] adj. 多才多艺的,万用的,万向的
having many uses or applications
versatile<>having limited application
万用的<>用途有限的
Synonyms: adaptable, all-around, ambidextrous, many-sided,
mobile, myriad-minded
Sample:He was a versatile athlete; at
college he had earned varsity letters in baseball, football, and track.
versed [
vE:st ] adj.精通的, 对…有很深造诣的
acquainted through study or
experience; knowledgeable or skilled
footloose:attachment=unversed:familiarity
没有限制的:附属=不熟练的:熟悉 （名词与形容词的反面关系）
versemonger [`v\ : s9mQN^E( r)] n. 拙劣诗人
sonnet:verse monger=??
十四行诗:拙劣诗人=?? （人物及其作品）
vertigo [5v\:tI^EJ] n. 眩晕
a disordered state in which the individual or
the individual's surroundings seem to whirl dizzily
vertigo:nauseate=??
眩晕:产生恶感=?? (行为及其结果)
Sample:We test potential plane pilots for
susceptibility to spells of vertigo.
verve [veEv] n.气魄, 神韵, 活力, 热情
the spirit and enthusiasm animating artistic
composition or performance:VIVACITY
verve<>listlessness {waning}
活力<>倦怠
lassitude<>verve
疲乏<>活力
Sample:She approached her studies with
such verve that it was impossible for her to do poorly.
vessel [5ves(E)l] n. 船,容器,脉管
a tube or canal (as an artery) in which a body
fluid is contained and conveyed or circulated
aqueduct:water=pipeline:gas=vessel:blood
水渠:水=导气管:气体=脉管:血 （ 物质及其传输方式）
Sample:The archaeologist assigned several
students the task of reassembling earthenware vessels from the shards he had
brought back from the expedition.
vestigial [ve`stIdVIEl] adj. 痕迹的,遗迹的,退化的
a bodily part or organ that is small and
degenerate or imperfectly developed in comparison to one more fully developed
in an earlier stage of the individual, in a past generation, or in closely
related forms
vestigial<>fully developed
退化的<>充分发展的
veteran [5vetErEn] adj. 老兵的,老练的,经验丰富的
an old soldier of long service
cadet:veteran=tadpole:frog
军官学校学生:老兵=蝌蚪:青蛙 （年轻与成熟）
Synonyms: EXPERIENCED, old, old-time, practical, practiced,
seasoned, skilled, versed, vet
Sample:She is a veteran of military service in
Africa.
veto [5vi:tEJ] v.,n.否决(权)
an authoritative
prohibition:INTERDICTION
veto:prohibitive=overture:introductory
否决:禁止的=序曲:开端的 （名词与形容词的正面类比）
veto<>consent
否决<>同意
Synonyms: kill, negative, non-placet
Sample:The President vetoed the budget bill sent
to him by Congress.
vex [veks] vt.使烦恼，使恼火
to bring trouble, distress, or
agitation to
draconian:inclemency=fret:vexation
严峻的:严酷=烦恼:烦恼 （同义关系）【 注:词性不符】
conciliate<>vex
安抚<>使烦恼
vex<>pacify/appease/soothe
使烦恼<>使平静/安抚/安慰
vex<>conciliation
使烦恼<>抚慰 【词性不符】
vex<>mollify
使烦恼<>使镇静
vexation<>gratifying／pleasing
烦恼<>悦人的/愉快的 【注:词性不符】
vex<>placate
使烦恼<>安抚
vex<>unable to incite
使烦恼<>不烦人的
vexation<>placation
激怒<>使平静
vex<>mollify
使烦恼，使恼火<>平息
Synonyms: ANNOY, abrade, bother, chafe, exercise, fret, gall,
irk, provoke
Sample:Number theory is rich in problems
of an especially vexing sort:they are tantalizingly simple to state but
notoriously difficult to solve.
viable [5vaIEb(E)l] adj. 能养活的,能生育的
capable of living; especially :capable of surviving outside the mother's womb
without artificial support
elastic:expand=viable:live
能伸缩的:张开=能存活的:存活（因果关系）
viability<>inability to live
生存能力<>不能存活的
Synonyms: POSSIBLE, doable, feasible, practicable, workable
Sample:The infant, though prematurely
born, is viable and has a good chance to survive.
vibrant [5vaIbrEnt] adj. 振动的，明快的，生气勃勃
oscillating or pulsating rapidly
Synonyms: RESONANT, consonant, orotund, plangent, resounding,
ringing, rotund, round, sonorant, sonorous
Sample:That painting has vibrant colors of red
and yellow in it.
vicarious [vI5keErIEs] adj. 代理的,担任代理的,替身的
performed or suffered by one person as a
substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of
another:SUBSTITUTIONARY
vicarious<>firsthand
代理的<>直接的
Sample:Many people get a vicarious thrill
at the movies by imagining they are the characters on the screen.
vicious [5vIFEs] adj. 邪恶的,堕落的,品性不端的
having the nature or quality of
vice or immorality:DEPRAVED
benignant<>vicious
仁慈的<>恶的
Synonyms: WRONG, bad, evil, immoral, iniquitous, reprobate,
sinful, wicked
Sample:Your
vicious conduct in this situation is reprehensible.
vicissitude [vI`sIsItjU:d] n. 变化,变迁,荣枯,盛衰
natural change or mutation visible
in nature or in human affairs vicissitudinous<>unchanging
有变化的<>不变的
vicissitudinous<>immutable
有变化的<>不变的
Synonyms: CHANGE, innovation, mutation, novelty, permutation,
sport
Sample:Humbled by life's vicissitudes, the
last emperor of China worked as a lowly gardener in the palace over which he
had once ruled.
victimize [5vIktImaIz] v.使受骗或上当 ，使…作牺牲品
to subject to deception or fraud:CHEAT
victimize<>treat fairly
使受骗<>公平对待
Synonyms: DUPE, bamboozle, flimflam, fool, gull, hoax, hoodwink, hornswoggle, pigeon,
trick
Sample:The dishonest man victimized an old lady
by cheating her.