list 27 staid ---
swear
staid [steId] adj. 稳重的，沉着的
marked by settled sedateness and often prim
self-restraint: SOBER, GRAVE
staid<>jaunty
稳重的<>活泼轻快的
puckish<>staid
淘气的<>沉静的
Synonyms: SERIOUS, earnest, grave, no-nonsense, sedate, sober,
sobersided, solemn, somber, weighty
Sample:Her conduct during the funeral ceremony was
staid and solemn.
stalemate [5steIlmeIt] n. 和棋局面，僵局
a drawn contest:DEADLOCK
clog:drainage=stalemate:negotiations
阻塞:排水=僵局:谈判(行为及其特殊状态)
Synonyms:
DEADLOCK, logjam
Sample:Negotiations between the union and the
employers have reached a stalemate; neither side is willing to budge from
previously stated positions.
stalk [stC:k]
v. 暗中追踪
to pursue by
tracking stealthily
collude:cooperate=stalk:follow
串通:合作=暗中追踪:跟随
（行为及其秘密的方式）
stalk:follow=infiltrate:enter
暗中追踪:跟随=秘密潜入:进入（行为及其特殊方式）
Synonyms
still-hunt
Sample: In Stalking the
Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons has as his prey not wild beasts but wild plants.
stalwart [5stC:lwEt] adj．健壮的，坚定的
marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind,
or spirit
constant:stalwart=judiciousness:sage
不变的事物:坚定的=明智的:贤明的 （人物与正面特征关系）
lank<>stalwart
纤弱的<>健壮的
timorous<>stalwart
胆怯的<>坚定的
timid<>stalwart
羞怯的<>坚定的
Synonyms:
HALE, stout, sturdy, robust
Sample:His consistent support of the party has
proved that he is a stalwart and loyal member.
stamina [5stAminE] n.毅力, 持久力, 精力
physical or moral
strength to resist or withstand illness, fatigue, or hardship; endurance
stamina<>frailty
毅力<>脆弱
Sample:
Overindulgence debilitates character as
well as physical stamina.
Synonyms TOLERANCE, endurance,
toleration
stammer [5stAmE(r)] v．口吃，结巴
to
make involuntary stops and repetitions
in speaking:HALT
falter:act=stammer:speak
踌躇:行动=口吃:说(行为及其特征方式)
stammer:halting=drone:monotonous
结巴的说:犹豫=单调而低沉地说:单调的 (行为及其正面特征)
Synonyms:
STUTTER, falter
Sample:The bereaved father sobbed and stammered, his
words becoming almost incoherent in his grief.
stanza [5stAnzE] n．（诗）节，段
a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines
arranged together in a usually recurring pattern of meter and
rhyme:STROPHE
ballad:stanza=novel:chapter
歌谣:诗节=小说:章节 （部分与整体关系）
stanza:line=volume:issue
诗节:诗句=卷:期 （部分与整体关系）
stanza:poem=movement:symphony
诗节:诗=乐章:交响乐（部分与整体关系)
Sample:Do you know the last stanza of "The
Star-Spangled Banner"?
stark [stB:k] adj.(外表)僵硬的,刻板的,完全的, 荒凉的
rigid in or as if in death
Synonyms:
RIGID, desolate
Sample:Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions
between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were
popular precisely because they offered the audience a world devoid of
neutrality.
startle [5stB:t(E)l] vt.使大吃一惊 n.吃惊
to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually
not seriously
startle<>lull
使大吃一惊<>使平静
Synonyms: FRIGHTEN,
affright, alarm, awe, fright, scare, terrify, terrorize
Sample:Marison was a scientist of unusual insight
and imagination who had startling success in discerning new and fundamental
principles well in advance of their general recognition.
static [5stAtIk] adj. 静态的,静电的
characterized by a lack of movement,
animation, or progression
static:move=pliable:inflexible
静态的:移动=柔软的:不屈曲的（形容词和动词反义关系）
pliant:flexibility=static:immobility
柔软的:弹性=固定的:不可移动（同义关系）
motility<>stasis
运动性<>停滞
stasis<>period of change
稳定<>改变期间
stasis<>activity
静止<>运动
Synonyms:
immobile, stagnant, stationary, unmoving
Sample:Nothing had changed at home; things were
static there
stature [5stAtjE(r)] n. 身高, 身材, (精神、道德等的)高度
natural height (as
of a person) in an upright position
stature:tall=sound:loud
身高:高的=声音:响的 （事物及其修饰）
Sample:Most professional basketball players are tall in
stature.
status [5steItEs] n.身份, 地位, 情形, 状况
relative rank in a hierarchy of prestige; especially :high prestige
abase:status=shorten:length
降低地位:地位=缩短:长度 （动宾关系）
Synonyms: cachet, consequence, dignity, position, prestige, rank, standing, state, stature
Sample:A unique clay disk found at the Minoan site
of Phaistos is often adduced as the earliest example of printing by scholars
who have defended its claim to this status despite equivalent claims put
forward for other printing artifacts.
steadfast [5stedfB:st] adj. 坚定的,踏实的,固定的,不变的
firmly fixed in place:IMMOVABLE
capricious<>steadfast
善变的<>坚定的
Synonyms:
STAUNCH, adamant, resolute
Sample:Penelope was steadfast in her affections,
faithfully waiting for Ulysses to return from his wanderings.
stealth [stelW] n. 秘密行动,秘密,鬼祟
the act or action of proceeding furtively, secretly, or
imperceptibly
caprice:whimsical=stealth:furtive=discontent:unsatisfied
反复无常:反复无常的=鬼祟:鬼祟=不满:不满足的 (名词与形容词同义关系)
Sample:Fearing detection by the sentries on duty,
the scout inched his way toward the enemy camp with great stealth.
steep [sti:p] vt.vi. 浸,泡
to saturate with or subject thoroughly
to
steep<>parch
浸泡<>烤干
Synonyms: SATURATE,
soak, immerse
Sample:Be sure
to steep the fabric in the dye bath for the full time prescribed.
stench [stentF] n.臭气,恶臭
to emit a strong offensive
odor:STINK
stench:nose=din:ear { glimmer:eye}
臭气:鼻子=喧闹:耳朵 (感观及其感知的对象)
stentorian [sten5tC:rIEn]
adj．（指声音）极响亮的
extremely loud
audible:stentorian=discernable:obvious
听得见的:响亮的=可分辨的:明显的 （程度类比）
audible:stentorian=discernible:manifest
可听见的:洪亮的=可辨别的:明显的（程度类比）
audible:stentorian=comprehensible:lucid
听得见的:声音洪亮的=可理解的:明晰的(程度类比)
comprehensible:pellucid=auditable:stentorian
可理解的:明显得=听得见的:声音极大的（程度关系）
stentorian<>faint
响亮的<>微弱的
Synonyms: earsplitting, raucous, strident
Sample:The
town crier had stentorian voice.
sterile [s5terEl] adj. 不毛的,不孕的,无菌的,枯燥的,无效的,贫瘠的
free from living organisms and especially
microorganisms
impeccable:flaw=sterile:germ
没有缺点的:错误，缺点=无菌的:细菌 （缺乏关系）
verdant<>sterile
青翠的<>不毛的
Synonyms: barren, effete, impotent, infecund, infertile,
unfruitful
Sample:A hospital's operating room is a sterile
area.
stickler [5stIklE(r)] n．坚持细节之人，一丝不苟的人
one who insists on exactness or completeness
in the observance of something
stickler:approximation/imprecision=purist:adulteration
一丝不苟的人:近似值/不精确=纯化论者:掺杂 （人及其追求的目标的反义关系）
stickler:exacting=martinet:discipline
一丝不苟的人:苛求的=要求严格服从纪律的人=纪律 （人及其追求的目标）
stickler:excating=pedagogue:indoctrinate
一丝不苟的人:苛求的=教师:灌输 (人和其行为的同义关系)
stickler:derelict=poseur:unaffected
坚持己见的人: 玩忽职守的=装模做样的人:自然的（人物及其反面特征）
Sample:The Internal Revenue Service agent
was a stickler for accuracy; no approximations or rough estimates would satisfy
him.
stiff [stIf] adj.生硬的；严厉的；呆板的；僵直的
lacking in suppleness or
responsiveness
numb:sensation=stiff:suppleness
麻木的:感觉=僵硬的:柔软性 （缺乏关系）
suppleness<>stiffness/rigidness
柔软<>坚硬
Synonyms: immalleable, impliable, incompliant,
inelastic, inflexible, rigid, unbending, unflexible, unyielding
Sample:I felt stiff at the tea party, in my new
suit and tight shoes.
stifle [5staIf(E)l] vt.使不能呼吸,窒息,抑制
to
withhold from circulation or expression:REPRESS
foment<>stifle
煽动<>抑制
foster<>stifle
{retract }
鼓励<>抑制
Synonyms: SUFFOCATE, asphyxiate, choke,
quackle, smother
Sample:Halfway through the boring lecture,
Laura gave up trying to stifle her yawns.
stigma [5stI^mE] n. 耻辱,污名,烙印
a mark of shame or
discredit:STAIN
stigma<>mark of esteem
耻辱<>尊敬的标志
Synonyms: blot, blur, brand, odium, onus,
slur, spot, stain
Sample:I do not attach any stigma to the
fact that you were accused of this crime; the fact that you were acquitted
clears you completely.
stilted [5stIltId] adj. 夸张的,夸大的, 踩高跷的
POMPOUS, LOFTY
Synonyms: GENTEEL, affected, mincing,
pretentious
Sample:His stilted rhetoric did not
impress the college audience; they
were immune to bombastic utterances
stint [stInt] v. 吝惜，节省
to be sparing or frugal
lavish<>stint
浪费<>节省
Synonyms: SCRIMP, pinch, scrape, screw,
skimp, skinch, spare
区别:stink （n. 臭味,臭气）
Sample:The old man could not have been
accused of stinting his affection; his conduct toward the child betrayed his
adoration of her.
stingy [5stIndVI] adj. 小气的,吝啬的,缺乏的,有刺的
not generous or liberal:sparing or scant in
giving or spending
miser:stingy=sage:judicious
吝啬鬼:小气=贤人:明智的 （人物及其正面特征）
generosity<>stinginess
慷慨<>小气
Synonyms:
close, niggardly, parsimonious, penurious, miserly
Sample:That stingy lady won't spend money on
heating her apartment.
stipple [5stIp(E)l] v．点画，点描，点刻法
to engrave by means of dots and
flicks
stipple:dot=striate:band
点描:点=加条纹:条带 (动作及其对象关系)
Synonyms: SPECKLE , freckle, speck, sprinkle
Sample:Seurat carefully stippled dabs of
pure color on the canvas, juxtaposing dots of blue and yellow that the viewer's
eye would interpret as green.
stipulate [5stIpjJleIt] v. 规定作为合约的条件规定:按合同要求
To
lay down as a condition of an agreement; require by contract.
stipulation<>tacit requirement
约定<>默认的要求
Sample:Before agreeing to reduce American
military forces in Europe, the president stipulated that NATO teams be allowed
to inspect Soviet bases.
stock [stRk] n.血统,原料 adj. 存货的,常备的,平凡的
a store or supply accumulated; especially :the inventory of goods of a
merchant or manufacturer
census:population=inventory:stock
调查人口:人口=清点存货:存货 （动宾关系）
stock<>unique
平凡的<>独特的
Synonyms: RESERVE, hoard, inventory, reservoir, stockpile,
store
Sample:A shrewd investor, he took clever
advantage of the fluctuations of the stock market.
stockade [stR5keId] n. 栅栏，围栏
an enclosure or pen made with posts
and stakes
stockade:enclosure=pillar:support
围栏:围绕=柱子:支撑 （作用关系）
stodgy [5stRdVI] adj. 平庸的，不易消化的,塞满的,笨重的，
BORING, DULL
stodgy:conservative=mawkish:sentimental
古板的:保守的=过份敏感的:敏感的（褒贬程度类比）
stodgy<>exciting
平庸的<>令人兴奋的
Synonyms: DULL, dim, dreary, humdrum, monotone,
monotonous, pedestrian, plodding
Sample:For a young person, Winston seems
remarkably stodgy:you'd expect someone of his age to have a little more life.
stoic [5stEJIk] adj. 禁欲的,坚忍克己的，冷静的
not affected by or showing passion or
feeling; especially :firmly
restraining response to pain or distress
stoic:perturb=avaricious:satisfy
冷静的:扰乱=贪婪的:满足 （不容易被）
stoic<>flinch
坚忍<>畏缩
Synonyms: IMPASSIVE, phlegmatic, apathetic,
stolid
Sample:The doctor called her patient a
stoic because he had borne the pain of the examination without whimpering.
stolid [5stRlId] adj. 无动于衷的，感情麻木的
having or expressing little or no
sensibility:UNEMOTIONAL
phlegmatic:stolid=peripatetic:itinerant
冷静的:不易激动的=走来走去的:巡回的 （同义关系）
Synonyms: IMPASSIVE, phlegmatic, apathetic,
stoic
Sample:The earthquake shattered his usual
stolidity; trembling, he crouched on the no longer stable ground.
stouthearted adj.
刚毅的,大胆的
having a stout heart or
spirit:STUBBORN
pusillanimous<>stouthearted
胆小的<>大胆的
Synonyms: BRAVE , bold, courageous, dauntless, doughty,
fearless, intrepid, unafraid, undaunted, valiant
straggle [5strA^(E)l] vi. 迷路,落伍,蔓延
to wander from the direct course or
way:ROVE, STRAY
Synonyms: WANDER , drift, meander, ramble, range, roam,
rove, stray
Sample:The new
soldiers straggled behind the neat lines.
strait [streIt] n. 海峡，困境
a comparatively narrow passageway connecting
two large bodies of water b:a
situation of perplexity or distress
isthmus:land=strait:water
地峡:陆地=海峡:海水 （连接关系）
Sample:Both he and his wife are ill and have lost
their jobs:they are in dire straits.
stratify [`strAtIfaI] v. （使）层化 ，（使）分成各种等级
to divide or arrange into classes,
castes, or social strata
stratify<>homogenize
区分等级<>使等同
Sample:The different-colored rocks have
stratified over millions of years.
stray [streI] adj. 迷途的,偶然的 vi.
迷路,彷徨,流浪
to wander accidentally from a fixed
or chosen route
digressive:topic/subject=stray:group
离题的:话题/主题=迷途的:团体 （偏离对象关系）
stray:group=digress:subject
迷路:团体=离题:主题 （偏离对象关系）
Synonyms: DIGRESS , depart, divagate, diverge, excurse,
ramble, wander
Sample:Their daughter has strayed:she left school
and started using drugs.
strength [streNW] n. 力量,强度,抵抗力,浓度
degree of potency of effect or of
concentration
slacken:tautness=dilute:strength
放松:紧张度=稀释:浓度 （动作及其减少结果）
Sample:There is an inverse ratio between
the strength of light and its distance.
striate [5straIIt] vt. 加条纹
to mark with striations or striae
grooved:striated=braided:stranded
有条痕的:凹槽=编织成辫的:绳索之一股 (形容词和名词的同义关系)
stipple:dot=striate:band
点画:点=加条纹:条带 (动作及其对象关系)
striated:groove=dappled:spot
有条痕的:凹槽=有斑点的:斑点 (形容词和名词的同义关系)
Sample:The
glacier left many striated rocks.
stricture [5strIktFE(r)] n. 狭窄,苛评,束缚
an adverse criticism:CENSURE
eulogy<>stricture
颂词<>责难
Synonyms: ANIMADVERSION, aspersion, obloquy, reflection,
slam, slur
Sample:His strictures on
the author's style are prejudiced and unwarranted.
stride [straId] vi.vt. 迈大步走,跨过,跨
to move with or as if with long
steps
quaff:sip=stride:mince
大口地喝:啜饮=迈大步走:碎步走 （动词的程度类比）
Sample:The president strode across the White House lawn to
the helicopter.
strident [5straIdEnt] adj. 刺耳的,高声喧哗的
characterized by harsh, insistent,
and discordant sound
stridency:sound=acridity:odor
刺耳:声音=辛辣:气味 （抽象名词及其修饰对象）
Synonyms: VOCIFEROUS, blatant, boisterous, clamorous,
dinsome, obstreperous
Sample:I think these regulations are too
stringent.
strike [straIk] v.冲制(奖牌)
To form by stamping, printing, or punching:
strike:medal=mint:coin
冲制:奖牌=铸造:硬币 （动作及其加工对象）
stringent [5strIndVEnt] adj. 迫切的,严厉的,束紧的，银根紧的
marked by rigor, strictness, or severity
especially with regard to rule or standard
stringent<>lax
束紧的<>松弛的
Synonyms: RIGID , draconian, ironhanded, rigorous,
strict, unpermissive
Sample:I think these regulations are too
stringent.
strip [strIp] v.脱衣，剥夺 n.条带
to remove clothing, covering, or
surface matter from
bedeck<>strip
穿衣打扮<>脱衣
Synonyms: denude, disrobe, unclothe, undress
Sample:The king was stripped of his power and
became an ordinary citizen.
strut [strQt] vi. 趾高气扬地走
to walk with a pompous and affected
air
pontificate:speak=strut:walk
傲慢自大地讲:讲=趾高气扬地走:走 （行为及其特征方式）
Sample:His strut as he marched about the
parade ground revealed him for what he was:a pompous buffoon.
strut [strQt] n. 支柱,抗压材
a structural piece designed to resist pressure
in the direction of its length
strut:wing=buttress:wall
支柱:机翼=扶壁:墙壁 （事物及其支持物关系）
Sample:The engineer calculated that the
strut supporting the rafter needed to be reinforced.
stubborn [5stQbEn] adj. 顽固的,不听话的,执拗的,棘手的
unreasonably or perversely
unyielding:MULISH
impudence:brazenness=recalcitrant:stubbornness
厚颜无耻:厚颜无耻=顽固：固执（同义关系）
Synonyms: OBSTINATE, bullheaded, headstrong,
intractable, mulish, refractory, willful, unyielding
Sample:My stubborn little boy would not put his
coat on; he held his arms to his sides and said, "No, no."
studio [5stju:dIEJ] n. 工作室,画室,演播室
the working place of a painter,
sculptor, or photographer
studio:artist=laboratory:scientist
画室:艺术家=实验室:科学家 （人及其活动场所的关系）
stultify [5stQltIfaI] vt.使显得愚蠢;使无效,抑制
to have a dulling or inhibiting
effect on
stultify<>stir/excite
抑制<>搅动/刺激
stultifying<>exciting/stirring
抑制的<>刺激的/搅动的
stultify<>animate
使沉闷<>使活泼
Synonyms: constipate, stagnate, stifle,
trammel
Sample:His long hours in the blacking
factory left young Dickens numb and incurious, as if the menial labor had
stultified his mind.
stun [stQn] vt. 使晕倒,使惊吓,打晕
to make senseless, groggy, or dizzy by or as
if by a blow:DAZE
Synonyms: DAZE , paralyze, petrify, stupefy
Sample:When I hit my head, the bump stunned me
and I fell to the floor.
stunt [stQnt] v.阻碍 n. 特技,绝技,花招,矮小物,发育迟缓,手腕
to hinder the normal growth,
development, or progress of
nurture<>stunt
抚育<>阻碍生长
Sample:These small ears of corn were stunted
because no rain fell for weeks.
sturdy [5st\:dI] adj. 强健的,健全的
marked by or reflecting
physical strength or vigor
decrepit<>sturdy
衰老的<>健壮的
Synonyms:
STRONG , stalwart, stout, tenacious, tough
Sample:Tolkien's hobbits are somewhat
squat, sturdy little creatures, fond of good ale, good music, and good food.
stygian [5stIdVIEn] adj.地狱的,阴暗的,阴黑的,幽暗的
extremely dark, gloomy, or forbidding
stygian:dark=abysmal:low
阴暗的:黑=极深的:低的 （程度类比）
Synonyms: INFERNAL, avernal, cimmerian, hellish, pandemoniac, plutonian, plutonic
Sample:The stygian room reminded him of an empty space.
stylus [5staIlEs] n. 铁笔,尖笔,唱针
an instrument for writing, marking,
or incising
stylus:mark=lamp:illumination
铁笔:刻字=灯:照明 （工具及其用途）
stylus:engraving=shield:protecting
铁笔:雕刻＝盾:保护（工具及其作用）
stymie [5staImI] v. 阻碍
to present an obstacle to:stand in
the way of
stymie<>abet
阻碍<>协助
Sample:The detective was stymied by the
contradictory evidence in the robbery investigation.
subdue [sEb5dju:] vt. 征服,压制,克制,抑制，减弱
to conquer and bring into
subjection:VANQUISH
impervious:damaged=indomitable:subdued
无法伤害的:被损坏的=无法征服的:被征服的 （反义关系）
impenetrable:subdue=??
顽固的:征服=??
subdue<>inflame
压制<>激起
subdued<>unruly
屈服的<>不服管教的
flamboyant<>subdued
艳丽的<>柔和的
burgeon<>subdue
快速发展<>抑制
indomitable<>easly subdued
不屈的<>容易屈服的
Synonyms: CONQUER , crush, defeat, reduce, subjugate,
vanquish
Sample:As soon as the city was
beleaguered, the life became more subdued as the citizens began their long wait
for outside assitance.
subject [sEb5dVekt] n. 臣民，受支配的人 vt.使屈从于...,使隶属
one that is placed under authority
or control
potentate<>subject
统治者<>臣民
subjugate [5sQbdVJ^eIt] vt. 征服,使服从,抑制,克制
to bring under control and
governance as a subject:CONQUER
blur:definition=subjugate:independence
使模糊:清晰度=使屈服:独立（反义关系）
subjugation<>liberation
征服<>解放
enfranchise<>subjugate
解放<>镇压
Synonyms: CONQUER
, crush, defeat, reduce, subdue, vanquish
Sample:It is not our aim to subjugate our
foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations.
sublime [sE5blaIm] adj. 崇高的，庄严的，壮观的,卓越的
lofty, grand, or exalted in
thought, expression, or manner
sublime<>base
崇高的<>卑鄙的
sublime<>ridiculous
庄严的<>可笑的
sublime<>worthless
崇高的<>无宜的
sublime<>furtive
庄严的<>鬼鬼祟祟的
sublime<>worthiless
崇高<>卑微
Synonyms: GRAND , elevated, exalted, lofty,
superb
Sample:Mother
Teresa has been honored for her sublime deeds.
submerge [sEb5m\:dV] vt.浸没 vi.潜入水中
to put under water
bend:rigid=submerge:buoyant=dissolve:insoluble
弯曲:坚硬的=没入水中:上浮的=溶解:不溶的 （不容易实现）
Synonyms: DIP , douse, duck, dunk, immerse,
souse, submerse
Sample:After hitting the submerged
iceberg, the Titanic started taking in water rapidly and soon foundered.
submissive [sEb5mIsIv] adj. 服从的,顺从的,柔顺的
submitting to others
insubordinate:submissive=capricious:deliberate
不顺从的:顺从的=反复无常:深思熟虑的 （反义关系）
Synonyms: TAME, domestic, domesticated,
subdued
Sample:Crushed by his authoritarian
father, Will had no defiance left in him; he was totally submissive in the face
of authority.
subordinate [sE5bC:dInEt] adj. 下级的,次要的,附属的，顺从的 n.下属
placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or
position:INFERIOR
insubordinate:submissive=capricious:deliberate
不顺从的:顺从的=反复无常:深思熟虑的 （反义关系）
principal<>subordinate
首要的<>次要的
Sample:Johnson never scrupled to ignore the
standards of decent conduct mandated by company policy if literal compliance
with instructions from his superiors enabled him to do so, whatever the effects
on his subordinates.
subpoena [sEb5pi:nE] n. （法律）传票，v. 传讯
a writ commanding a person designated in it to
appear in court under a penalty for failure
lien:claim=subpoena:command
抵押权:权利=传票:命令 （法律名词及其种属）
Sample:The prosecutor's office was ready
to serve a subpoena on the reluctant witness.
subside [sEb5saId] vi. （建筑物等）下陷，（天气等）平息，平静
to tend downward:DESCEND; especially :to flatten out so as to
form a depression
subside<>promote
下陷<>升迁
subside<>withhold pressure
下沉<>抵抗压力的
Synonyms: ABATE , die down/away, ebb, lull, moderate,
slacken, wane
Sample:The doctor assured us that the
fever would eventually subside.
subsidiary [sEb`sIdIErI]
adj. 补助的,次要的,津贴的
furnishing aid or
support:AUXILIARY
preponderant<>subsidiary
重要的<>补充的
Sample:This information may be used as
subsidiary evidence but is not sufficient by itself to prove your argument.
subsidy [5sQbsIdI] n. 补助金,津贴
a grant by a government to a private person or
company to assist an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public
sop:conciliatory=subsidy:supportive
表示安抚的礼物:安抚的=补助金:支助的 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: APPROPRIATION, grant, subvention
substantial [sEb5stAnF(E)l]adj. 实质上的,物质的,有内容的，重要的
IMPORTANT, ESSENTIAL
diaphanous<>substantial
无实体的<>物质的
substantive<>trivial
重要的<>琐细的
vaporous<>substantial
空幻的<>实在的
friable<>substantial
易碎的<>坚固的
Synonyms: MATERIAL, corporeal, gross, objective,
phenomenal, physical, sensible, tangible
Sample:In contrast to the substantial
muscular activity required for inhalation, exhalation is usually a passive
process.
substantiate [sEb5stAnFIeIt] vt. 证实；证明...有根据，使实体化
to establish by proof or competent
evidence:VERIFY
substantiate<>disapprove
证实<>反对
unsubstantiated<>verified
未经证实的<>已证实的
controvert<>substantiate
反驳<>证实
inane<>substantiated
空洞的<>实体化的
Synonyms: CONFIRM, authenticate, corroborate, justify,
validate, verify
Sample:The value of Davis’ sociological
research is com-promised by his unscrupulous tendency to use materials
selectively in order to substantiate his own claims, while disregarding
information that points to other possible conclusions.
subterfuge [5sQbtEfju:dV] n. 遁辞,借口,托辞，狡计
deception by artifice or stratagem in order to
conceal, escape, or evade
subterfuge:deceive=decanter:pour
狡计:欺骗=倒酒容器:倾倒 （名词及其用途）
candor:subterfuge=brash:deliberate
直率:托词=仓促:深思熟虑 （反义关系）
Synonyms: DECEPTION, cheat, chicanery, dishonesty,
double-dealing, dupery, fraud, trickery
Sample:As soon as we realized that you had
won our support by a subterfuge we withdrew our endorsement of your candidacy.
subtle [5sQt(E)l] adj.微妙的；精巧的
difficult to understand or
perceive:OBSCURE
subtle:ignore=salient:observe
微妙的:忽略=显著的:注意 （行为及其对象的正面特征）
subtle:overlook=tractable:lead
微妙的:忽略=易于管教的:引导 （行为及其对象的正面特征）
palpable<>subtle
明显的<>微妙的
blatant<>subtle
明显的<>微妙的
Synonyms: FINE, delicate, nice, refined
Sample:Postmodern architecture is not
concerned with the easy goal of returning to the past but with the more subtle
and difficult aim of integrating historical forms into a new and complex whole.
subvert [sEb5v\:t] vt.推翻, 暗中破坏, 搅乱
to
overturn or overthrow from the foundation:RUIN
sabotage:subvertness=bull:intimidation
{ dupe:duplicity }
阴谋破坏:颠覆=暴力强迫:胁迫 （行为及其目标）
Synonyms: SABOTAGE, undermine, wreck
succinct [sEk5sINkt] adj.简明的;简洁的
marked by compact precise
expression without wasted words
loquacious:succinct=adroit:ungainly
罗嗦的:简洁的=敏捷的:笨拙的（两个形容词的反义关系）
babble<>express succinctly
喋喋不休<>简洁地表达
prolixity<>succinctness
冗长<>简洁
verbosity<>succinctness
罗嗦<>简洁
voluble<>taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent
健谈的<>寡言的/简洁的/简洁的/沉默的
succinct<>verbose
简洁的<>罗嗦的
circumlocution<>express succinctly
累赘的话<>简练的表达 【注：词性不符】
diffuse<>succinct
罗嗦的<>简洁的
succinct<>prolix
简洁的<>冗长的
Synonyms: CONCISE, breviloquent, brief, compendiary,
compendious, curt, laconic, short, summary, terse
Sample:His remarks are always succinct and
pointed.
succor [sEk5sINkt] vt. n. 救援,援助
to go to the aid of:RELIEVE
succor:relief=caution:warning
救援:解救=警告:警告 (同义关系)
succor<>aggravate
援助<>使恶化
succor<>deny
aid
援助<>拒绝帮助
Synonyms: HELP, aid, assist, assistance, comfort, hand,
lift, relief, secours, support
Sample:We shall be ever grateful for the
succor our country gave us when we were in need.
suffuse [sE5fju:z] v．（色彩等）弥漫，染遍, 充满
to spread over or through in the manner of
fluid or light:FLUSH, FILL
tint:suffuse=damp:quench
微染:遍染=打湿:熄灭 (程度类比)
Synonyms: INFUSE, imbue, ingrain, inoculate, invest,
leaven, steep
Sample:A blush suffused her cheeks when we
teased her about her love affair.
suite [swi:t] n. 随员,套房,一组
RETINUE;
especially :the personal staff accompanying a ruler, diplomat, or
dignitary on official business
Sample:After her long
flight, Jill just wanted to nap, but the officious bellboy was intent on
showing her all the special features of the deluxe suite.
sulk [sQlk] v.生气, 愠怒
To be sullenly aloof or withdrawn, as in
silent resentment or protest
sulky<>rejoice
生气的<>高兴的
Sample:When his girlfriend will not see him, he sulks for
days.
sullen [5sQlEn] adj.愠怒的, 沉沉不乐的, (天气等)阴沉的
Gloomy or
somber in tone, color, or portent
sullen:levity=??
阴沉的:轻浮=??
Sample:When the group voted against his plan, he
became sullen.
summary [5sQmErI] n. 摘要,概要 adj. 摘要的,简略的
an abstract, abridgment, or compendium
especially of a preceding discourse
compendium:summary=anthology:collection
概略:摘要=文选:文集 (同义关系)
aside:digression=summary:excerpt
偏离:离题=摘要:摘录 （同义关系）
Synonyms: epitome, recapitulation, resume,
sum, summation
Sample:He wrote a summary of his book to send to
a publisher.
summit [5sQmIt] n. 顶点,最高阶层
TOP, APEX; especially :the highest point:PEAK
crest:wave=summit/peak:mountain
波峰:波浪=山顶:山 (顶部与整体的关系)
roof:room=summit:mountain
屋顶:房间=山顶:山 (顶部与整体的关系)
cache:hidden=summit:inaccessible
隐藏处:隐藏的=顶点:难达到的 (事物及其正面特征)
nadir<>summit
最低点<>顶点
Synonyms: TOP, apex, crest, crown, peak,
roof, vertex
Sample:Next year, the summit conference will be
held in Vienna.
summon [5sQmEn] vt. 召集,号召；鼓起(勇气);(法律)传唤出庭
to command by service of a summons
to appear in court
command:request=summon:invite
命令:请求=召集:邀请 (程度类比)
summons:citation=??
传唤:传唤=??
summon<>dismiss
召集<>解散
Synonyms: CONVOKE, assemble, call, convene
Sample:She had to summon up all her courage
before talking to her boss.
sumptuous [5sQmptJEs] adj. 豪华的，奢侈的，华丽的
extremely costly, rich, luxurious,
or magnificent
sumptuous<>sobriety
奢侈<>节制
spartan<>sumptuous
简朴的<>奢华的
ascetic<>sumptuous
苦行的<>奢侈的
frugal<>sumptuous
节俭的<>奢侈的
Synonyms: LUXURIOUS, luscious, lush, luxuriant, opulent,
palatial, plush
Sample:The sumptuous costumes of
Renaissance Italy, with their gold and silver embroidery and figured brocades,
were the antithesis of Spanish sobriety, with its dark muted colors, plain
short capes, and high collars edged with small ruffs.
sunder [5sQndE(r)] v. 分裂，分离
to break apart or in two:separate by or as if
by violence or by intervening time or space
collapse:implode=divide:sunder
坍塌:内爆=分开:分裂 (动词的程度类比)
sunder<>connect
分裂<>连接
sunder<>link
分裂<>连结
sunder<>combine/yoke/bond
分裂<>联合/结合/结合
sunder<>merge
分裂<>连结
asunder<>yoke
分离<>连接
sunder<>conjoin
切开，分离<>使联合
Synonyms: SEPARATE, dichotomize, disjoin, disjoint,
dissever, disunite, divide, divorce, part
Sample:Northern and southern Ireland are
politically and religiously sundered.
supercilious [9sjU:pE`sIlIEs] adj．目中无人的，傲慢的
coolly and patronizingly haughty
supercilious<>obsequious
傲慢的<>奉承的
supercilious<>humble
傲慢的<>谦逊的
superciliousness<>humility
傲慢<>谦逊
supercilious<>groveling
傲慢的<>卑躬屈节的
Synonyms: PROUD, arrogant, disdainful, haughty, insolent,
lordly, overbearing, superior
Sample:I prefer Jill's modesty to Jack's
supercilious and arrogant attitude.
superficial [su:pE5fIF(E)l] adj.表面的；肤浅的
of or relating to a surface
superficial<>central
浅表的<>中央的
Synonyms: SHALLOW, shoal
Sample:Despite the contingencies of time,
space, and history, human societies the world over have confronted the same
existential problems and have come to remarkably similar solutions, differing
only in superficial details.
superfluous
[su:5p\:flJEs] adj. 多余的,过剩的
exceeding what is sufficient or
necessary:EXTRA
pertinent:relevance=redundant:superfluity
中肯的:中肯=多余的:多余 (形容词和名词的同义关系)
terseness:superfluous=parsimonious:expenditure
简洁的:过剩的=吝啬的:浪费的(反义关系)
integral<>superfluous
不可缺少的<>多余的
superfluity<>scarcity
额外<>缺乏
Synonyms: excess, extra, spare, surplus
Sample:Joe spoke of superfluous and vital
matters with exactly the same degree of intensity, as though for him serious
issues mattered neither more nor less than did trivialities .
supine [`sjU:paIn] adj.仰卧的, 掌心向上的, 懒散的, 向后靠的
exhibiting indolent or apathetic inertia or
passivity; especially :mentally or
morally slack
supine<>vigilant
懒散的<>警惕的
Sample:The defeated pugilist lay supine
on the canvas.
supple [5sQp(E)l] adj. 柔软的,逢迎的,顺从的
easy and fluent without stiffness
or awkwardness
numb:sensation=stiff:suppleness
麻木的:感觉=坚硬的:柔软 (缺乏关系)
suppleness<>stiffness/rigidness
柔软<>坚硬
Synonyms: PLASTIC, adaptable, ductile, malleable,
moldable, pliable, pliant
Sample:The angler found a supple limb and
used it as a fishing rod.
supplement [5sQplImEnt] n. 补充物,增刊,补充
something that completes or makes
an addition
Synonyms: APPENDIX, addendum, rider
Sample:Although any destruction of
vitamins caused by food irradiation could be counterbalanced by the use of diet
supplements, there may be no protection from carcinogens that some fear might
be introduced into foods by the process.
supplicate [5sQplIkeIt] v. 恳求，乞求
to make a humble entreaty; especially :to pray to God
protest:dissuade=supplicate:entreat
反对:劝阻=恳求:恳求 (同义关系)
supplicant:beseeching=coquette=flirtatious
恳求者:恳求的=爱卖弄风情的女子:卖弄风情的 (人物及其正面特征)
supplicate<>demand
恳求<>要求
Synonyms: BEG, appeal, beseech, crave, entreat, implore,
importune, invoke, plead, pray
Sample:We supplicate Your Majesty to grant
him amnesty.
suppress [sE5pres] vt. 镇压,使止住,查禁,抑制,禁止
to put down by authority or
force:SUBDUE
suppress<>unrestrain/stimulate
镇压<>无法限制/刺激
Synonyms: CRUSH, annihilate, extinguish, put down,
quash, quell, quench, squash
Sample:No one is neutral about Stephens;
he inspires either uncritical adulation or profound antipathy in those who work
for him.
surfeit [5s\:fIt] n. （食物）过量，过度
an overabundant supply:EXCESS
surfeit<>deficiency
过剩<>短缺
deprivation<>surfeit
匮乏<>过剩
Synonyms: EXCESS, overabundance, overflow, plethora,
superfluity, surplus
Sample:Every Thanksgiving we are surfeited
with an overabundance of holiday treats.
surgeon [5s\:dV(E)n] n. 外科医生,军医,船上的医生
a medical specialist who practices
surgery
scalpel:surgeon=telescope:astronomer
手术刀:外科医生=望远镜:天文学家 (人和其经常使用的工具)
Sample:The surgeon probed the wound for
foreign matter before suturing it.
surrender [sE5rendE(r)]
n./v. 交出,放弃,投降
to yield to the power, control, or possession
of another upon compulsion or demand
inalienable:surrendered=implacable:propitiated
不能让与的:交出的=难和解的:和解的 (两个形容词的反义关系)
appropriate<>surrender
攫取<>交出
Synonyms: RELINQUISH, abandon, cede, resign,
waive, yield
Sample:By forcing our surrender to the
authority of the clock systematic timekeeping has imposed a form of tyranny on
society.
surreptitious [9sQrEp`tIFEs] adj. 偷偷摸摸的，保密的
done, made, or acquired by
stealth:CLANDESTINE
surreptitious<>barefaced/aboveboard
偷偷摸摸的<>公然的/光明正大的
Synonyms: SECRET, clandestine, covert,
furtive, stealthy
Sample:News of
their surreptitious meeting gradually leaked out.
surrogate [5sQrE^Et] n. 代理,代理人,代用品
to put in the place of another:to appoint as
successor, deputy, or substitute for oneself
surrogate:indirect=??
代用品:间接的=??
Synonyms: SUBSTITUTE, alternate, backup,
replacement
Sample:For centuries animals have been
used as surrogates for people in experiments to assess the effects of
therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans.
suspend [sE5spend] vi. 暂停,中止,推辞,悬浮,宣布破产
to cause to stop temporarily
suspend<>erect
悬浮的<>直立的
invoke<>suspend
实行<>中止
Synonyms: EXCLUDE, bar, bate, debar,
eliminate, except
Sample:To avoid annihilation by parasites,
some caterpillars are able to curtail periods of active growth by prematurely
entering a dormant state, which is characterized by the suspension of feeding.
suspicion [sE`spIFEn] n. 怀疑,觉察,嫌疑
a state of mental uneasiness and
uncertainty:DOUBT
enthusiasm:mania=suspicion:paranoia
热心:狂热=怀疑:偏执 (抽象名词的程度比较)
Synonyms: UNCERTAINTY, concern, doubt, dubiety,
dubiosity, incertitude, mistrust, skepticism, uncertitude, wonder
Sample:My suspicions were aroused when I
read sundry items in the newspapers about your behavior.
suture [5su:tFE(r)] n. 缝合,缝合处,缝合用的线 vt. 缝合
to unite, close, or secure
with sutures
suture<>incision
缝合<>切开
avulse<>suture
撕脱<>缝合
Sample:We
will remove the sutures as soon as the wound heals.
svelte [svelt] adj. （女人）体态苗条的,优雅的
SLENDER, LITHE
svelte<>plump
苗条的<>丰满的
svelte<>paunchy and awkward
苗条而优雅的<>大腹便便而笨拙的
swagger [5swA^E(r)] v. 大摇大摆地走,吹牛
to conduct oneself in an arrogant or
superciliously pompous manner;
especially :to walk with an air of overbearing
blustering:speak=swaggering:walk
大吵大闹的:讲=大摇大摆的:走 (形容词及其修饰的动作)
fawn:hauteur=self-depreciate:swagger
奉承:傲慢=自贬:虚夸 （动作体现情感）
imperiousness:fawn:swagger:self-depreciate
傲慢:奉承=虚夸:自贬 （动作体现情感）
pontificate:speak=swagger:walk
装模作样地说:说=大摇大摆地走:走（同一性质的过分动作及其正常动作）
imperious:fawn=self-depreciatory:swagger
傲慢的:奉承=自贬的:虚夸 （动作体现情感）
Synonyms: LORD, cock, peacock, pontificate,
swank, swell
swamp [swRmp] n. 沼泽,湿地；困境 vt.淹没
a wetland often partially or intermittently
covered with water; especially
:one dominated by woody vegetation
Synonyms: bog, marsh, marshland, mire, morass, quag,
quagmire, slough
Sample:The mosquito-ridden swamp was an
insalubrious place, a breeding ground for malarial contagion.
sway [sweI] v.摇摆, 摇动，改变观点或感情等倾向于变化
to fluctuate or veer
between one point, position, or opinion and another
demanding:satisfactory=adulterate:pristine {closed-mind:sway}
苛求的:满意=掺假的:纯净 (形容词与名词的反面关系)
indubitable:questioned=resolute:sway
不容置疑的:被怀疑=坚决的:动摇（事物特征及其正面行为）
Synonyms: AFFECT, carry, get, impress, influence, inspire, move, strike, touch
Sample:The pendulous chandeliers swayed in the breeze as if they were about to fall from the ceiling.
swear [sweE(r)] vi.诅咒
to use profane or obscene
language:CURSE
accolade<>swearword
赞美<>咒骂
Synonyms: bedamn, curse, cuss, damn, execrate, imprecate
Sample:Swearing he had never so much as
looked at another woman, Jack assured Jill he was no philanderer.