list
26 simpleton --- stagnant
simpleton [5sI^n(E)l] n. 笨蛋,傻子
a person lacking in common sense
prudence:daredevil=sagacity:simpleton
谨慎:大胆=聪明:傻子（反义关系）
turncoat:constancy=simpleton:sagacity
背叛:坚定=傻子:聪明 （反义关系）
sensitive:boor=sagacity:simpleton
敏感的:粗野的人=聪明:笨蛋 （人物及其反面特征）
Synonyms: FOOL , ament, cretin, feeb,
half-wit, idiot, imbecile, moron, natural, zany
simulate [5sImjJleIt] vt. 模拟,假装,模仿
to give or assume the appearance or effect of
often with the intent to deceive:IMITATE
simulation<>authentic
article
模仿品<>真品
Synonyms: ASSUME , act, affect, bluff,
counterfeit, fake, feign, pretend,
sham
Sample:He simulated insanity in order to
avoid punishment for his crime.
sin [sIn] n. 罪,犯罪,失礼,过失,犯法
an offense against religious or
moral law
peccadillo:sin=admonishment:castigation
小错:犯罪=警告:惩罚（程度关系）
Synonyms: EVIL , crime, diablerie, iniquity,
tort, wrong
Sample:It is a sin to waste food when others do
not have enough to eat.
sincere [sIn5sIE(r)] adj. 诚实的,正直的,真挚的,纯净的
free of dissimulation:HONEST
authenticity:fraudulent=sincerity:hypocritical
真实性:欺诈的=真实:伪善的（事物及其反面特征）
poseur:sincerity=recluse:gregariousness
装模作样的人:真实=隐居者:群居（缺乏关系）
disingenuous:sincere=??
无诚意的:真诚的=??
poseur<>sincere person
装模作样的人<>真诚的人
badinage<>sincere conversation
打趣<>真诚的对话
Synonyms: heartfelt, hearty, unfeigned,
wholehearted，honest, real, true
Sample:Although he attempted repeatedly to
disabuse her of her conviction of his insincerity, he was not successful; she
remained adamant in her judgment.
sinecure [5saInIkjJE(r)] n.挂名职务，闲职
an
office or position that requires little or no work and
that usually provides an income
sinecure<>arduous employment
闲职<>艰苦的工作
Sample:My job is no sinecure; I work long
hours and have much responsibility.
sinew [5sInju:] n. 肌肉,精力,腱,原动力,体力
solid resilient strength:POWER
tendinous:sinewy=
腱的:腱（形容词及其对应的名词，同义关系）
sinew<>weakness
强健<>虚弱
sinew<>frailty
强健<>脆弱
Synonyms: POWER , arm, beef, energy, force, might, muscle,
potency, strength, strong
Sample:The steak was too sinewy to chew
singe [sIndV] v.烧焦, 烤焦
to burn
superficially or lightly:SCORCH;
especially :to remove the hair, down, or fuzz from usually by passing
rapidly over a flame
singe:incinerate=erode:destruction
烧焦:烧成灰烬=腐蚀:毁灭
（程度类比）
Sample:I singed
some hair when I blew out the candle.
singular
[5sIN^jJlE(r)] adj. 异常的,单一的
distinguished
by superiority:EXCEPTIONAL
worldly<>singular
世俗的<>独特的
Synonyms: SEVERAL , individual,
particular, respective；ONLY
Sample:Though the young man tried to
understand Father William's singular behavior, he still found it odd that the
old man incessantly stood on his head.
sinister [5sInIstE(r)] adj. 不吉祥的，险恶的
singularly evil or productive of
evil
Synonyms: baleful, malefic, maleficent, malign; compare
Sample:We must defeat the
sinister forces that seek our downfall.
sinuous
[5sInjJEs] adj. 弯弯曲曲的,迂回的,乖僻的
of a serpentine or wavy
form:WINDING
Synonyms: WINDING, anfractuous, convoluted, flexuous, meandering,
meandrous, serpentine, snaky, tortuous
Sample:The snake moved in a sinuous
manner.
sip [sIp] vi. 啜饮
to drink in small quantities
sip:drink=mince:walk
啜饮:喝酒=碎步走:行走（动作小与正常）
swill:sip=gobble:nibble
痛饮:啜饮=狼吞虎咽:一点一点地咬（动作小与大）
quaff:sip=stride:mince
痛饮:啜饮=迈大步走:碎步走（动作大与小）
quaff:sip=gobble:nibble
痛饮:啜饮=狼吞虎咽:一点一点地咬（动作大与小）
swill<>sip
痛饮<>啜饮
Synonyms:
DRINK, imbibe, quaff, sup (off or up), swallow, toss
siren [5saIErEn] n.塞壬一群女海妖之一，用她们美妙的歌声诱惑船只上的海员，从而使船只在岛屿周围触礁沉没
One of a group of
sea nymphs who by their sweet singing lured mariners to destruction on the
rocks surrounding their island.
siren:unresist=juggernaut:unstop
海妖:无法抗拒的=印度神克利须那:无法阻止的
（人物及其正面特征）
siren:sound=beacon:light
汽笛:声音=灯塔:光亮
（种属,航海相关）
siren:heard=light:seen
警报:被听见=光:被看见 （事物及其感知方式）
Sample:allured by the song of the sirens, the
helmsman steered the ship toward the reef.
skeptic [5skeptIk] n. 怀疑者,怀疑论者,无神论者
a person disposed
to skepticism especially regarding religion or religious principles
penitent:obdurate=skeptic:credulous
悔过者:顽固的=怀疑者:轻信的 (人物及其反面特征)
votary<>skeptic
信徒<>怀疑者
credence<>skeptic/doubt
信任<>怀疑
Synonyms: doubter,
doubting Thomas, headshaker, Pyrrhonian, Pyrrhonist, unbeliever, zetetic
Sample:The popularity of pseudoscience and quack
medicines in the nineteenth century suggests that people were very credulous
but the gullibility of the public today makes citizens of yesterday look like
hard-nosed skeptics.
sketchy [5sketFI] adj. 写生的,写生风格的,概略的
wanting in completeness, clearness,
or substance:SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL
fawn:imperiousness=elaborate:sketchy
奉承:傲慢=详细地说明:概略的(动词与形容词的反义关系)
doggerel:poem=sketch:draw
打油诗:诗=草图:图 （种属关系）
Synonyms: SUPERFICIAL, cursory,
depthless, shallow, uncritical
Sample:Although the records of colonial New
England are sketchy in comparison with those available in France or England,
the records of other English colonies in America are even more fragmentary.
skimpy [skimpi] adj.吝啬的;太少的
deficient in supply or execution especially through
skimping:SCANTY
parsimonious:skimp=malingering:shirk
吝啬的:吝啬=装病以逃避义务的:逃避 (形容词与动词的同义关系)
Synonyms: MEAGER, exiguous, poor, scant, scanty, scrimp, scrimpy,
skimp, spare, sparse
skirt [sk\:t] vt. 位于...边缘,装边于,回避
to avoid
especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy
skirt<>seek
回避<>寻求(动词反义关系)
skirt<>face
回避<>面对(动词反义关系)
skirt<>pass the center directly
回避<>穿过中央
Synonyms: DODGE, eschew, shun
Sample:We took a road that skirted the city to avoid
traffic.
skit [skIt] n.滑稽短剧
a brief burlesque
or comic sketch included in a dramatic performance (as a revue)
skit:play=anecdote:narrative
滑稽短剧:戏剧=小故事:记叙文 (名词短与正常)
vignette:scene=skit:drama
短的场景:场景=滑稽短剧:戏剧(名词短与正常)
Sample:At the picnic, the cousins put on a short
skit about their grandparents.
skittish [5skItIF] adj. <马等>容易受惊的,容易惊恐的
easily frightened:RESTIVE
Synonyms: EXCITABLE,
agitable, alarmable, combustible, edgy, skittery, startlish, volatile
Sample:She is as skittish as a kitten playing with a
piece of string.
slake [sleIk] vt. 消除,平息,熄灭
SATISFY,
QUENCH
gratify:desire=slake:thirst
使满足:欲望=平息:口渴(行为及其消除对象)
insatiate:slake=??
不知足的:消除=??
Synonyms:
QUENCH
Sample:When we reached the oasis, we were able to
slake our thirst.
slant [slAnt] v.(使)倾斜, 歪向，倾向性
to present so as to conform to a particular bias or appeal to a certain audience
slant<>assert without bias
偏袒<>没有偏见的断言
Synonyms: ASIDE,
aslant, aslope, obliquely, sideways, sidewise, slantingly, slantways, slantwise
slate [sleIt] n. 石板,候选人（提名）名单
a list of candidates for nomination or
election
roster:personnel=slate:candidate
花名册:职员=候选人（提名）名单:候选人(事物及其记录对象)
Sample:Please act as my proxy and vote for this
slate of candidates in my absence.
slew [slu:] v. （使）旋转n. 大量，许多
a large number
paucity<>slew
缺乏<>大量(名词反义关系)
Synonyms: SPATE, abundance, raft, mort
Sample:A slew of ants crawled over the candy bar.
slight [slaIt] adj.细长的；轻微的
small of its kind or in amount:SCANTY,
MEAGER
grievous<>slight
严重的<>轻微的
prodigious<>slight
巨大的<>轻微的
slight<>ponderous
轻微的<>笨重的
massive<>slight
厚重的<>轻微的
Synonyms: THIN, attenuate, reedy, slender, slim, squinny, stalky,
tenuous, twiggy
Sample:The remark was only slightly humorous,
inviting a chuckle, perhaps, but certainly not a guffaw.
slight [slaIt] n. 轻蔑,怠慢
to treat with disdain or indifference
celebration:lament=slight:show respect
庆祝:悲叹=轻蔑:表示敬意(反义关系)
cosset<>slight
宠爱<>怠慢
slight<>show respect to
轻蔑<>表示敬意
Synonyms: NEGLECT,
blink (at or away), discount, disregard, fail, forget, ignore, omit, overlook,
overpass
Sample:Hypersensitive and ready to take offense at
any discourtesy, Bertha was always on the lookout for real or imaginary
slights.
slink [slINk] v. 偷偷走动
to go or move stealthily or furtively (as in fear or
shame):STEAL
slink<>walk openly
偷偷走动<>公开地走
Synonyms: SNEAK, creep, gumshoe, lurk, pussyfoot, shirk, skulk,
slide, steal
Sample:He slinks around the house as though he
shouldn't be there.
slippery [5slIpErI] adj.滑的，使人滑跤的
causing or tending to cause something to
slide or fall
dingy:glisten=slippery:adhere
暗黑的:闪亮=滑的:粘着(形容词与动词的反义关系)
splint:mobility=ballast:instability
=purchase:slippery
夹板:可动性=压载物:不稳定=紧握:光滑(动作与消除对象)
Synonyms: SLICK,
greasy, lubricious, slippy, slithery
Sample:The mountaineer struggled to get a proper
purchase on the slippery rock.
slipshod [5slIpFRd] adj. 粗心的，邋遢的
wearing loose shoes or slippers
assiduous<>slipshod
勤勉的<>草率的
slipshod<>painstaking
漫不经心的<>艰苦的
Synonyms: SHABBY, bedraggled, down-at-heel, scrubby, scruffy,
shoddy, tacky, tagrag, tattered, threadbare
Sample:This paper shows slipshod work; you need
to learn to write better.
sloppy [5slRpI] adj．邋遢的，不整洁的
wet so as to spatter
easily:SLUSHY
Synonyms:
SLIPSHOD, botchy, careless, messy, slapdash, slovenly,
unthorough, untidy
Sample:The living room was sloppy, with magazines
all over the floor.
sloth [slEJW] n. 怠惰,懒惰
disinclination to action or
labor:INDOLENCE
rakish: restraint=slothful:
assiduity
放荡的:抑制=偷懒的:刻苦 （名词与形容词的反义关系）
Sample:Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of
the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surroundings.
slouch [slaJtF] v. 没精打采地走,站着，耷拉着
to walk, stand, or sit with a gait or posture
characterized by an ungainly stooping of the head and shoulders or excessive
relaxation of body muscles:DROOP
slouch<>stand erect
没精打采地站着<>笔直地站着
sloven [5slQv(E)n] adj. 不修边幅的,邋遢的,懒散的
untidy especially in personal
appearance:slovenly
indulge:adherent=slovenly:dapper
放纵:信徒=不修边幅的:衣冠楚楚的 （反义关系）【注:对应不工整，词性不符】
slovenly<>tidy
邋遢的<>整洁的
slovenly<>natty
邋遢的<>整洁的
slovenly<>dapper
邋遢的<>整齐的
Synonyms: SLOVENLY, careless, disheveled, ill-kempt, messy,
slipshod, sloppy, uncombed, unkempt, untidy
Sample:Such slovenly work habits will never produce
good products.
sluggard [5slQ^Ed] n.偷懒者, 懒鬼, 游手好闲的人
an
habitually lazy person
rapscallion:mischievous=sluggard:lazy
{cavalier:arrogant}
流氓:为害的=懒鬼:懒惰 (人物及其正面特征) 【注:cavalier 作为名词是没有贬义的】
Synonyms: bum,
dolittle, do-nothing, faineant, idler, lazybones, loafer, slouch, slug,
slugabed
Sample:"You are a sluggard, a drone, a
parasite," the angry father shouted at his lazy son.
sluggish
[5slQ^IF]
adj.行动迟缓的，缓慢的，迟缓的表现出很少的活动或活力的
averse to activity or exertion:INDOLENT; also :TORPID
alacrity<>sluggish
敏捷<>迟缓 【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: LETHARGIC,
comatose, dopey, heavy, hebetudinous, slumberous, stupid, torpid
Sample:Species with relatively sluggish metabolic
rates, including hibernators, generally live longer than those whose metabolic
rates are more rapid.
slumber [5slQmbE(r)] n.v. 睡眠,沉睡状态
to be in a torpid, slothful, or negligent
state
slumber<>awake
睡眠<>醒
Synonyms: LETHARGY,
coma, dullness, hebetude, languor, lassitude, sleep, stupor, torpidity, torpor
Sample:I went into a deep slumber that lasted all
night.
slur [sl\:(r)] n. 连音符,诽谤,耻辱,印刷模糊
an insulting or disparaging remark or
innuendo:ASPERSION
Synonyms: ANIMADVERSION, aspersion, obloquy, reflection, slam,
stricture
Sample:Polls revealed that the front-runner's
standing had been damaged by the slurs and innuendoes circulated by his
opponent's staff.
sly [slaI] adj. 狡猾的,诡密的,淘气的,偷偷摸摸的
lacking in straightforwardness and
candor:DISSEMBLING
sly<>artless
狡猾的<>朴实的
sly<>ingenuous
狡猾的<>诚实的
Synonyms: CLEVER, adroit, canny, cunning, dexterous, ingenious,
slim
Sample: His sly remark made her turn red and giggle.
smarmy [5smB:mI] adj.令人厌烦的, 爱说奉承话的, 虚情假意的
Hypocritically,
complacently, or effusively earnest; unctuous
smarmy<>earnest
虚情假意的<>真挚的
smart [smB:t] vi.刺痛, 懊恼
a smarting pain; especially :a stinging local pain
smart:pain=grieve:sorrow
刺痛:痛苦=伤心:悲伤（动词与名词的同义关系）
smart<>soothe
刺痛<>抚慰
Sample:The country smarted under the ignominious
defeat and dreamed of the day when it would be victorious.
smart [smB:t]adj.
聪明的,漂亮的,敏捷的,潇洒的,伶俐的
stylish or elegant in dress or
appearance
tatty<>smart
衣衫褴褛的<>漂亮的
Synonyms: STYLISH, chic, dashing, exclusive, fashionable, modish
Sample:He wore a smart suit with new shoes.
smattering [5smAtErIN] n.
一知半解,浅薄的知识
superficial piecemeal knowledge
erudite<>smattering of
knowledge/ignorant/unlettered
博学的<>一知半解,浅薄的知识/无知的/未受教育,无学问的
Synonyms:
Being sophomoric, being
half-baked
Sample:I don't know whether it is better to be
ignorant of a subject or to have a mere smattering of information about it.
smirk [sm\:k] v．假笑，得意地笑
to smile in an affected or smug
manner:SIMPER
smirk:smugness=sneer:derision
得意地笑:自满=冷笑:嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
Synonyms:
simper
Sample:Wipe that smirk off your face!
smother [5smQTE(r)] vt.
使窒息，扼杀，抑制，忍住，覆盖，笼罩
to be overcome or killed through or as if
through lack of air
smother:choke=??
使窒息:窒息=??（动词名词同义关系）
Synonyms: SUFFOCATE,
asphyxiate, choke, stifle
Sample:The killer smothered the man by putting a pillow over
his face.
smug [smQ^] adj. 自满的,沾沾自喜的
highly self-satisfied
smirk:smugness=sneer:derision
得意地笑:自满=冷笑:嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
primp:vain=gloat:smug
打扮:虚荣的=幸灾乐祸:自满的(动作与表达的心理)
Synonyms: COMPLACENT, priggish, self-complacent, self-contented,
self-pleased, self-satisfied
Sample:The action and charades in a melodrama can
be so immediately classified that all observers can hiss the villain with an
air of smug but enjoyable condescension.
smuggle [5smQ^(E)l] v.
走私，私运
to convey or introduce surreptitiously
collude:cooperate=smuggle:convey
共谋:合作=走私:运输(动作秘密与正常)
smuggle<>transport openly
走私<>公开运输
Synonyms: bootleg, contraband, run
Sample:Dealers in cocaine smuggle the drug into
the USA.
snare [sneE(r)] v.诱捕 n.陷井
to capture by or as if by use of a snare
snare<>boo
诱捕<>轰赶
Synonyms: CATCH, benet, catch up, ensnare, entangle, entrap,
tangle, trap
snarl [snB:l] vi. 缠结, 混乱, 吠, 咆哮, 怒骂
to cause to become knotted and intertwined:TANGLE ，also to growl
viciously while baring the teeth
exoneration:blame=disentangle:snarl
免除责任:责备=松开:纠缠 （反义关系）
disentangle<>snarl
解开纠结<>纠缠
Snarler<>coo
狂吠<>咕咕声
Synonyms: COMPLICATE, entangle, muddle, perplex, ravel, tangle
Sample:As docile as he seems today, that old lion
was once a ferocious, snarling beast.
sneer [snIE(r)] n.冷笑，嘲笑
vt.轻蔑
to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express
scorn or contempt
smirk:smugness=sneer:derision
得意地笑:自满=冷笑:嘲笑(动作与表达的心理)
wince:pain=smile:pleasure=pout:displeasure=sneer:contempt
畏缩:痛苦=微笑:愉快=撅嘴:不愉快=冷笑:轻蔑( 动作与反映的心理)
Synonyms: SCOFF,
fleer, flout, gibe, gird, jeer, jest, quip (at), scout (at)
Sample:That ingrate Bob sneered at the tie I gave
him.
snob [snRb] n.
势利的人,假内行
one who has an offensive air of superiority in matters
of knowledge or taste
attentive:officious=refined:snobbish={absorbed:engrossed}
留意的:多管闲事的=优雅的:过于讲究的={全神贯注的:热衷的} (形容词程度的比较)
Sample:They are snobs who drink only expensive
French wine and won't listen to rock 'n' roll.
snub [snQb] v.
冷落，不理睬
to treat with contempt or neglect
dissemble:honesty=snub:politeness
掩饰:诚实=冷落:礼貌（动词与名词反义关系）
ingenuous:dissemble=raffish:preen=polite:snub
坦白的:掩饰=艳俗的:打扮漂亮=礼貌的:冷落(形容词与动词反义关系)
snub:disdain=double cross:disloyalty
冷落:蔑视=欺骗出卖:不忠实（动词与名词同义关系）
court<>snub
追求<>冷落
Synonyms: CUT, cold-shoulder, ostracize, snob
Sample:She rebuffed his invitation so smoothly that
he did not realize he had been snubbed.
soak [sEJk] v.
浸泡，渗透
to lie immersed in liquid (as water):become saturated by
or as if by immersion
soaking:wet=exuberant:happy=frigid:cool
湿透的:湿=非常高兴:高兴=严寒:冷
（程度类比）
castigation:reproof=soaking:damp
强烈责背:谴责=湿透的:潮湿的 （程度类比）
soaking:damp=frigid:cool
湿透的:潮湿的=严寒:冷（程度类比）
Synonyms: drench, impregnate, insteep, saturate, seethe, sodden,
souse, steep, waterlog
Sample:The strawberries had been soaking in the champagn
for so long that they had begun to macerate:they literally fell apart at the
touch of a spoon.
sober [5sEJbE(r)] adj.
清醒的,稳重的,节制的,严肃的,朴素的,合理的,不夸大的
marked by sedate
or gravely or earnestly thoughtful character or demeanor
puckish<>sober
爱恶作剧的<>稳重的
sumptuousness<>sobriety
奢华<>朴素
frivolous<>sober
轻佻的<>冷静的
flippancy<>sobriety
轻率<>严肃
trepidation<>sober
颤抖<>镇定
Synonyms:
GRAVE, earnest, staid
Sample:His sober demeanor quieted the noisy
revelers.
sodden [5sEJbE(r)] adj.
浑身湿透的,不成样子的,浸过酒的
heavy with or as if with moisture or
water
marsh:sodden=desert:arid
沼泽:湿透的=沙漠:干燥的(事物与正面属性)
Synonyms:
SATURATED, soggy, soppy,
logged
Sample:He set his sodden overcoat near the radiator
to dry.
solace [5sRlEs] n./v. 安慰. 慰藉
alleviation of grief or anxiety
solace:grief=pacification:anger
安慰:忧愁=平息:忿怒（行为及其消除对象）
Synonyms:
PLACATE, propitiate, console
Sample:I hope you will find solace in the thought
that all of us share your loss.
solder [5sRdEr] v.
焊接，焊合
to
unite or make whole by solder
breach<>solder
弄出裂口<>焊合
solder<>breach
焊合<>弄出裂口
Synonyms: WELD
Sample:The plumber fixed the leak in the pipes by
soldering a couple of joints from which water had been oozing.
solemn [5sRlEm] adj. 庄严的, 隆重的, 严肃的
marked
by grave sedateness and earnest sobriety
jest<>solemnity
玩笑<>严肃
florid<>solemn
鲜艳的<>严肃的
Synonyms: SERIOUS, earnest, grave, no-nonsense, sedate, sober,
sobersided, somber, staid, weighty
Sample:The minister was concerned that nothing
should disturb the solemnity of the marriage service.
solicitous [sE5lIsItEs] adj. 热切的，挂念的
full of concern or fears:APPREHENSIVE
solicitous<>unconcerned
挂念的<>不关心的
Synonyms: EAGER, anxious, appetent, ardent, athirst, avid,
impatient, keen, raring, thirsty
Sample:The employer was very solicitous about the
health of her employees as replacements were difficult to get.
solidify [sE5lIdIfaI]
v.(使)凝固, (使)团结, 巩固
to make solid, compact, or hard
pulverize<>solidify
粉碎<>巩固
Synonyms: HARDEN, cake, concrete, congeal, dry, indurate, set
Sample:The cold water solidified into ice.
solitude [5sRlItju:d] n.孤独, 偏僻处，隐居处
the quality or state of being alone or remote from
society : SECLUSION
recluse:solitude=toady:favor
隐遁者:孤单=献媚者:好感 （正面特征）
Synonyms:
aloneness, isolation, loneness, solitariness
Sample: Cherishing his solitude, the recluse shunned
the company of other human beings.
solvent [5sRlvEnt] adj.
有偿付能力的,有溶解力的 n. 溶剂
able to pay all legal debts
coagulant:thicken=solvent:dissolve
凝结剂:使变厚=溶剂:溶解(事物与功能)
profligate:solvent=mercurial:committed
浪费的:有偿付能力的=活泼多变的:持明确态度的(形容词反义关系)
caustic:burn=solvent:dissolve
过化学反应可被灼烧的:灼烧=可溶解的:溶解 （因果关系）
regimen:health=budget:solvency
养生法:健康=预算:偿付能力(前者是保证后者的手段)
Sample:By dint of very frugal living, he was finally
able to become solvent and avoid bankruptcy proceedings.
somber [5sRmbE(r)]
adj. 昏暗的,阴天的,阴森的,忧郁的
of a dismal or depressing
character:MELANCHOLY
cherubic<>somber
活泼可爱的<>忧郁的
adulation<>somber affection
热烈的赞扬<>低沉的感情
droll<>somber
好笑的<>忧郁的
Synonyms: DARK,
caliginous, dim, dusk, dusky, gloomy, lightless, murky, obscure, tenebrous
Sample:From the doctor's
grim expression, I could tell he had somber news.
somnolence [`sCmnElEns] n.
想睡; 瞌睡; 嗜睡
the quality or state of being
drowsy:SLEEPINESS
ennui:enthusiastic=somnolence:alert
倦怠:热心的=困倦的状态:警惕的 （名词和形容词的反义关系）
Sample:The heavy meal and the overheated room made
us all somnolent and indifferent to the speaker.
sonata [sE5nB:tE] n. 奏鸣曲
an instrumental musical composition typically of three
or four movements in contrasting forms and keys
dessert:meal=epilogue:play=coda:sonata
餐后甜点:一餐=尾声:表演=终结句:奏鸣曲(前者是后者结束部分)
Sample:Unlike many recent interpretations of
Beethoven’s piano sonatas, the recitalist’s performance was a delightfully free
and introspective one; nevertheless, it was also, seemingly paradoxically,
quite controlled.
sonnet [5sRnIt] n. 十四行诗
a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of
fourteen lines that are typically five-foot iambics rhyming according to a
prescribed scheme; also :a poem in
this pattern
sonnet:poet=symphony:composer
十四行诗:诗人=交响乐:作曲家(作者与创作对象)
sonnet:verse monger=??
十四行诗:拙劣诗人（人物与反面属性，可对painting:daubster）
sonnet:poem=denim:fabric
14行诗:诗=粗斜纹棉布:材料（种属关系）
soothe [su:T] vt. 缓和,使安静,安慰,奉承
to please by or as if by attention or
concern:PLACATE,RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE
vex<>pacify/appease/soothe
使烦恼<>使平静/平息/安慰
smart<>soothe
刺痛<>抚慰
Synonyms:
PLACATE, relieve, alleviate
Sample:After his vacation in this placid section, he
felt soothed and rested.
sop [sRp] n.有安慰作用的东西， 面包片,湿透的东西,懦夫
a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe, gift,
or gesture
sop:conciliatory=subsidy:supportive
有安慰作用的东西:安抚的=津贴:有支持作用的(事物与正面特征)
sopping:dampen=frigid:cool
浑身湿透的:使潮湿=寒冷的:使冷 （行为及其结果）
Sample:They did not make him president of the
company, but they gave him a new title as a sop.
sophism [5sRfIz(E)m] n．诡辩
an argument apparently correct in form but actually
invalid; especially :such an
argument used to deceive
sophism:reasoning=counterfeit:money
诡辩:推理=赝品假钱:钱（名词假与正常形式）
Synonyms: CASUISTRY
sophistication
[sE9fIstI`keIFEn] n.
诡辩,强词夺理,久经世故，精明
the process or result of becoming cultured,
knowledgeable, or disillusioned;
especially :CULTIVATION, URBANITY
ingenue:sophistication=cynic:trustfulness
天真无邪的少女:世故=愤世嫉俗者:信赖(人物与反面 属性)
callow<>behaving
with adult sophistication
年轻而无经验的:举止世故的
politic<>unsophisticated
圆滑的<>不世故的
bucolic<>sophisticated
质朴的<>精明的
Sample:Sophistication is an acquired
characteristic, found more frequently among city dwellers than among residents
of rural areas.
sophomoric [9sCfE`mR:rIk] adj.大学二年级学生的，
一知半解的,傲慢的
conceited and
overconfident of knowledge but poorly informed and immature
Sample:Your sophomoric remarks are a sign of your
youth and indicate that you have not given much thought to the problem.
soporific [sRpE5rIfIk] adj.
催眠的，n. 安眠药
tending to dull awareness or alertness
soporific:sleep=vaccinating:immunity
安眠药:睡眠=预防接种:免疫性(前者导致后者，可理解为 因果关系)
soporific:alertment=analgesic:pain
安眠药:警醒=止痛药:疼痛 （药物及其消除对象）
soporific<>stimulant
安眠药<>兴奋剂
soporific<>provocative
催眠的<>刺激的
vitality<>soporific
活力<>使人昏昏沉沉的东西
soporific<>exhilarating
昏昏欲睡的<>令人兴奋的
soporific<>bracing
催眠的<>令人鼓舞的
soporific<>invigorating
催眠的<>令人鼓舞的
Synonyms:
MESMERIZING, hypnotic
Sample:I do not need a sedative when I listen to one
of his soporific speeches.
sordid [5sC:dId] adj. 肮脏的,不干净的,卑鄙的,暗淡的
marked by baseness or grossness:VILE
sordid<>wholesome
肮脏的<>卫生的
sordid<>honor
肮脏<>荣誉
sordid<>noble
肮脏的<>高贵的
Synonyms: DIRTY, black, filthy, foul, grubby, impure, nasty, squalid,
unclean, uncleanly
Sample:The social worker was angered by the sordid
housing provided for the homeless.
sound [saJnd] adj.
稳固的, 健全的,可靠的,合理的,有效的,彻底的
SOLID, FIRM; also :STABLE
ramshackle:soundness=garbled:clarity
象要倒的:完全坚固=混乱不清楚的:清楚 (形容词与动词的反义关系)
decrepit<>sound
衰老的<>健康的
tenable<>unjustified/unsound
(主张)站的住脚的<>不合理的/不合理的
Synonyms: VALID,
cogent, convincing, satisfactory, satisfying, solid, telling
Sample:At first glance, the notion that Styrofoam
cups may actually be more ecologically sound than paper cups strikes most
environmentalists as subversive.
sparse [spB:s] adj. 稀疏的,稀稀落落的,薄的
of few and scattered elements; especially :not thickly grown or settled
copious<>sparse
丰富的<>稀疏的
sparse<>rife
稀疏的<>非常多的
Synonyms: MEAGER, exiguous, poor, scant, scanty, scrimp, scrimpy,
skimp, skimpy, spare
Sample:Although it seems axiomatic that there
would be a greater risk of serious automobile accidents in densely populated
areas, such accidents are more likely to occur in sparsely populated regions.
spartan [5spB:t(E)n] adj.
简朴的，刻苦的
marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury
and comfort
imperial:significant=spartan:austere
{grotesque:fascinate}
至尊的：重要的=简朴的：简朴的 {怪诞的：着迷} （程度类比）
spartan<>sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious
简朴的<>沉于奢侈逸乐的/放纵的/奢侈逸乐的/奢华的
voluptuous<>spartan
奢侈逸乐的<>简朴的
spartan<>sumptuous
简朴的<>奢华的
luxuriant<>spartan
奢华的<>简朴的
spartan<>opulent
简朴的、节约的<>丰富的，富裕的
spartan<>sybaritic
节俭<>放纵的
Synonyms:
ASCETIC, austere
Sample:Looking over the bare, unheated room with its
hard cot, he wondered what he was doing in such spartan quarters. Only his
spartan sense of duty kept him at his post.
spat [spAt] n. 小争吵
a brief petty quarrel or angry outburst
cabal:association=spat:quarrel
阴谋小集团:协会=小争吵:吵架 (种属关系,强调小的特征)
Synonyms: QUARREL, altercation, beef, bickering, dispute,
falling-out, fight, hassle, miff, tiff
Sample:What had started out as a mere spat escalated
into a full-blown argument.
spate [speIt] n. 泛滥,洪水,一阵,大量
a large number or amount
spate<>dearth
大量<>缺乏
Synonyms:
SLEW, raft
Sample:I am worried about the possibility of a spate
if the rains do not diminish soon.
specialize [5speFElaIz] vi.专攻, 专门研究, 使适应特殊目的, 使专用于
to pursue a special activity, occupation, or field of
study
dabbler<>specialist
业余爱好者<>专家
dabble<>specialize
涉猎<>专门研究
Synonyms: ITEMIZE,
enumerate, inventory, list, particularize, specify
Sample:The failure of many psychotherapists to
utilize the results of pioneering research could be due in part to the
specialized nature of such findings:even momentous findings may not be useful.
specious [5spi:FEs] adj．似是而非的，华而不实的
having a false look of truth or
genuineness:SOPHISTIC
specious:authenticity=??
华而不实:真实性=??（反义关系）
specious<>valid
似是而非的<>真实有效的
Synonyms: FALSE,
counterfactual, erroneous, inaccurate, incorrect, unsound, untrue, wrong
Sample:Let us not be misled by such
specious arguments.
speck [spek] n. 小点，斑点，少量
a very small amount:BIT
mite:creature=speck:amount
螨虫类小动物:动物=少量:数量(物体小或少与正常)
Synonyms:
MODICUM, whit, smattering
Sample:The airplane looks like a speck in the clouds.
spectator [5spekteItEr] n. 观众,目击者,旁观者
one who looks on or watches
epicure:discriminating=spectator:watching
美食家:有识别力的=观众:观看的(人及其正面特征)
Synonyms: BEHOLDER, bleacherite,
onlooker
Sample:The spectators in the amphitheater cheered
the gladiators.
spectrum [5spektrEm] n.光, 光谱, 型谱
a continuum of color formed
when a beam of white light is dispersed (as by passage through a prism) so that
its component wavelengths are arranged in order
color:spectrum=tone:scale
颜色:光谱=音调:音阶 （事物及其组合体）
Sample:The visible portion of the spectrum includes
red at one end and violet at the other.
speculate [5spekjJleIt] vi. 深思,推测,投机
to meditate on or ponder a
subject:REFLECT
conjecture<>restrain from the speculation
猜测<>不采取猜测
Synonyms:
MEDITATE, ponder, ruminate,
mull over
Sample:Future generations will probably consider
current speculations about humanity's place in the universe to be marred by
omissions and errors; even rigorous scientific views change, sometimes
overnight.
spendthrift
[5spendWrIft] n. 浪费的人
a person who spends improvidently or
wastefully
craven:hero=parsimonious:spendthrift
懦夫:英雄=吝啬的=挥霍无度的（反义关系）
miser:parsimonious=spendthrift:prodigal
吝啬鬼:吝啬的=浪费的人:挥霍的（人物与正面属性）
spendthrift<>miser
浪费的人:吝啬鬼
Synonyms: high roller, prodigal, profligate, scattergood, spender,
squanderer, unthrift, waster, wastethrift, wastrel
Sample:Easy access to credit encourages people to
turn into spendthrifts who shop till they drop.
spent [spent] adj.用尽的,精疲力竭的,失去效用的
drained of energy or
effectiveness:EXHAUSTED
precarious:stability=spent:efficacy
不稳定的:稳定性=失去效用的:功效 （缺乏关系）
Synonyms: EFFETE, all in, bleary, depleted, drained, exhausted, far-gone, used up,
washed-out, worn-out
Sample:She was spent after running seven miles.
spindly [5spIndlI] adj．细长的，纤弱的
of a disproportionately tall or long and thin appearance
that often suggests physical weakness
limber:flexibility=spindly:frailty
柔软的:弹性=纤弱的:脆弱 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: GANGLING,
gangly, lanky, rangy, spindling
spineless [5spainlis] adj.无脊骨的, 没有骨气的, 没有勇气的
lacking courage or
willpower
flexibility:spinelessness=courage:daredevilry
适应性:没骨气=勇气:冒失（正常与过分）
Synonyms： WEAK , boneless, emasculate, forceless,
impotent, inadequate, ineffective, ineffectual, invertebrate, slack-spined
Sample: A virtue carried to
extremes can turn into something resembling vice; humility, for example, can
degenerate into servility and spinelessness.
spiny [5spaInI] adj. 多针的,尽是尖刺的,棘手的,麻烦的,尖刺状的
abounding with difficulties, obstacles, or
annoyances:THORNY
Synonyms: THORNY,
nettlesome, prickly
Sample:She is facing a a spiny problem
spire [5spaIE(r)] n. 尖塔,尖顶,旋涡,螺旋
a tapering roof or analogous pyramidal construction
surmounting a tower
spire:church=minaret:mosque
尖顶:教堂=尖塔(叫拜楼):清真寺（前者是后者顶部的建筑）
Sample:He could see the church spire above the trees.
spleen [spli:n] n.脾;脾气,怒气,怨恨
feelings of anger or ill will often
suppressed
spleen<>good will
怨恨<>善意
Synonyms: MALICE,
despite, despitefulness, grudge, ill will, malevolence, maliciousness,
malignancy, spite, spitefulness
splint [splInt] n. （固定断骨的）夹板，托板 ，碎木片
material or a device used to protect and immobilize a
body part (as a broken arm)
splint:mobility=ballast:instability=purchase:slippery
夹板:可动性=压舱物:不稳定=紧握:光滑
(事物及其消除对象)
splint:immobilize=duct:convey
夹板:使不能移动=输送管:输送（事物及其功用）
buttress:edifice=splint:limb
扶壁:大厦=夹板:四肢 （事物及其作用对象）
crumb:bread=splint:wood
面包屑:面包=碎木片：木头 （事物及其特殊状态）
Sample:The doctor put a splint on the boy's
broken arm to hold it in place.
spoil [spCIl] vt. 损坏,破坏,溺爱
to pamper excessively:CODDLE
cosseted<>unspoiled
溺爱<>未宠坏的
Synonyms:
DOTE, cosset, cocker
Sample:Exposure to low-intensity gamma radiation
slows the rate of growth of the spoilage microorganisms in food in much the
same way that the low heat used in pasteurization inhibits the spoilage action
of the microorganisms in milk.
spoke [spEJk] n．（车轮上）幅条，阻碍物
any of the small radiating bars inserted in the hub of a
wheel to support the rim
spoke:hub=radius:center
幅条:毂,中心=半径:中心 (后者是中心，前者从后者辐射出去)
spontaneous
[spRn5teInIEs] adj.自发的；本能的,一时冲动的
arising from a momentary impulse
juggernaut:unstoppable=extemporization:spontaneous {boast:dishonest}
摧毁一切的强大力量:无法阻止的=即席演说:自发的（正面特征）
spontaneous<>premeditated
一时冲动的<>预先考虑的
ingenious<>prosaic { spontaneous}
有独创性的<>平凡的
Sample:Although Simpson was ingenious at contriving
to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired
and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.
spoof [spu:f] n. 嘲讽诗文轻浮地讽刺模仿品；轻浮地改编诗文
A
gentle satirical imitation; a light parody.
ode:poetry=spoof:parody
颂诗:诗=轻浮地讽刺模仿品:模仿滑稽作品 （种属关系）
nicety:distinction=spoof:parody
细微差别:差别=轻浮得改编:拙劣得模仿 （种属关系）
Synonyms: IMPOSTURE, cheat, deceit, deception, fake, flimflam,
phony, put-on, sell, sham
Sample:The comedian did a spoof of the situation in the
White House.
sporadic [spE5rAdIk] adj. 偶尔发生的,零星发生的,分散的
occurring occasionally, singly, or in
scattered instances
chronic<>sporadic
习惯性的<>零星发生的
sporadic<>regular
偶发性的<>有规则的
sporadic <>frequent
零星的<>频繁的
Synonyms: INFREQUENT, few, occasional, rare, scarce, seldom,
semioccasional, uncommon, unfrequent
Sample:The prevailing union of passionate interest
in detailed facts with equal devotion to abstract generalization is a hallmark
of our present society; in the past this union appeared, at best, sporadically
and as if by chance.
sprain [spreIn] n. 扭伤,扭筋
a sudden or
violent twist or wrench of a joint with stretching or tearing of ligaments
sprain:injure=cold:contagion
扭伤:伤害=感冒:传染病（种属关系）
Synonyms: turn, twist, wrench
Sample:I lifted a heavy box and have a sprain in my arm.
sprightly [5spraItlI] adj. 愉快的，活泼的
marked by a gay lightness and
vivacity:SPIRITED
dodder:unsteady=cavort:sprightly
蹒跚:不稳的=腾跃:活泼地 （行为及其正面特征）
hangdog<>sprightly
沮丧的<>愉快的
Synonyms: LIVELY, alert, animate, animated, gay, keen, spirited,
unpedantic, vivacious
spur [sp\:(r)] vt. 刺激,激励,用马刺刺
to incite to action or accelerated growth or
development:STIMULATE
deter<>spur
制止<>激励
Synonyms:
URGE, egg (on), exhort, goad, prick, prod, prompt
Sample:The dark clouds spurred us to work faster
before the rain started.
spurious [5spjJErIEs] adj. 假的，伪造的
outwardly similar or corresponding to something without
having its genuine qualities:FALSE
spurious<>genuine
假的<>真实的
spurious<>authentic
假的<>真实的
Synonyms: ARTIFICIAL, dummy, ersatz, false, imitation, mock, sham,
simulated, substitute
Sample:The hero of Jonathan Gash's mystery novels is
an antique dealer who gives the reader advice on how to tell spurious antiques
from the real things.
spurn [sp\:n] v. 拒绝，摈弃
to reject with disdain or contempt:SCORN
spurn<>welcome willingly
摈弃<>欣然欢迎
spurn<>court/crave/embrace
摈弃<>追求, 渴望, 拥抱
spurned<>beloved
摈弃的<>心爱的
Synonyms: DECLINE , disapprove, dismiss, refuse, reject, reprobate,
repudiate, turn down
Sample:The heroine spurned the villain's advances.
squabble [5skwRb(E)l] n. 争吵，口角
a noisy altercation or quarrel usually over
trifles
squabble:dispute=foible:failing
小争吵:争论=小缺点:缺点 （小和正常的关系）
tiff:squabble=foible:failing
小争吵:争吵=小缺点:缺点 （小和正常的关系）
squabble:quarrel=foible:failing
小争吵:争吵=小缺点:缺点（小和正常的关系）
Synonyms: QUARREL, altercation, beef, bickering, controversy,
dispute, fight, hassle, row, tiff
Sample:Children invariably get involved in petty
squabbles; wise parents know when to interfere and when to let the children
work things out on their own.
squalid [5skwRlId] adj. 污秽的，肮脏的
marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or poverty
squalid<>pristine
污秽的<>未遭毁坏的
splendor<>squalor
壮丽<>肮脏
squalor<>salubrious
肮脏的<>有益健康的
squalor<>immaculate
肮脏的<>纯净的
Synonyms: SHABBY, broken-down, dilapidated, dingy, disreputable,
run-down, scrubby, seedy, shoddy, sleazy
Sample:It is easy to see how crime can breed in such
a squalid neighborhood.
squall [skwC:l] n.小骚乱 狂风,暴风雪,哇哇叫声
a short-lived commotion
squall:commotion=flash:illumination
短时骚乱:骚动=闪现,一瞬间:照明(名词短与正常关系)
Synonyms: QUARREL,
altercation, beef, bickering, brawl, dispute, falling-out, feud, fight, hassle
squander [5skwRndE(r)] vt. 浪费,使分散
to spend extravagantly or
foolishly:DISSIPATE
squander:expend=coercion:intimidate
浪费:花费=威压:胁迫（过分与正常）
husband<>squander
节俭<>浪费
conserve<>waste/squander/exhaust
保留<>浪费/浪费/耗尽
squander<>hoard
挥霍<>贮存
Synonyms: WASTE, blow, consume, dissipate, fool (away), fritter,
frivol away, prodigalize, throw away, trifle (away)
Sample:Ever prey to vagrant impulses that impelled him to squander his talents on a host of unworthy projects, his very dissipation nonetheless enhanced his reputation, for the sheer energy of his extravagance dazzled observers.
squint [skwInt] v.斜视
looking or tending to look obliquely or askance (as with
envy or disdain)
squint:eye=pout:mouth
斜视:眼=噘嘴:嘴巴 （人物器官及其特殊形态）
Synonyms: squinch, squinny
squelch [skweltF] n./v. 压制，镇压
to
completely suppress:QUELL
squelch<>foment
压制<>煽动
kindle<>squelch
激发<>压制
Synonyms:
QUELL, quash, subjugate,
subdue, squash, tramp down
区别:belch(打嗝)
Sample:The speaker squelched her listener's
argument with several examples and facts.
stagnant [5stA^nEnt] adj. 不流动的,停滞的,不景气的
not advancing or developing
stagnant<>flowing
停滞的<>流动的
Synonyms:
STATIC, immobile, stationary, unmoving
Sample:The stagnant water was a breeding ground for
disease.