list
25 sagacious --- signal
sagacious [sE5^eIFEs] adj．聪明的，睿智的
of keen and farsighted penetration
and judgment:DISCERNING
prudence:daredevil=sagacity:simpleton=turncoat:constancy
谨慎:大胆=聪明:傻子=变化:不变（缺乏关系）
miser:stingy=sage:judicious
吝啬鬼:小气=贤人:明智的 （人物及其正面特征）
sage:judgement=knave:deceive
贤哲:判断=骗子:行骗 （人物及其特征行为）
sensitive:boor=sagacity:simpleton
敏感的:粗野的人=聪明:笨蛋 （人物及其反面特征）
constant:stalwart=judiciousness:sage
不变的事物:坚定的=明智的:贤明的 （人物与正面特征关系）
sagacious<>without wisdom/puerile/folly/fatuous
睿智<>没有机智/幼稚的/愚蠢/笨拙的
Synonyms: WISE, discerning, insighted , perceptive, sophic
Sample:He is much too sagacious to be
fooled by a trick like that.
salient [5seIlIEnt] adj．显著的，突出的
standing out conspicuously:PROMINENT; especially :of notable significance
salient:ignore=incomprehensible:understand
显著的:忽略=不可理解的:理解（行为及其对象的反面特征）
subtle:ignore=salient:observe
细微的:忽略=显著的:发现（行为及其对象的正面特征）
salient<>imconspicuous
显著的<>不明显的
Synonyms: NOTICEABLE, arresting, arrestive, conspicuous,
marked, outstanding, prominent, remarkable, signal, striking
Sample:One of the salient features of that
newspaper is its excellent editorial page.
salmon [5sAmEn] n. 大麻哈鱼,鲜肉色
a large anadromous salmonid fish (Salmo salar)
of the No. Atlantic noted as a game and food fish
salmon:ichthyologist=chameleon:herpetologist
大麻哈鱼:鱼类学者=变色龙:爬虫学者（人及其研究对象）
Sample:Fish ladders had to be built in the
dams to assist the salmon returning to spawn in their native streams.
salubrious [sE5lu:brIEs] adj . 有益健康的
favorable to or promoting health or
well-being
instructive:comprehension=salubrious:health
教育性的:理解=有益健康的:健康
（ 事物特征及其辅助对象）
virulent/insalubrious/deleterious<>salubrious/wholesome
有毒的/不健康的/有害的<>有益健康的
noxious<>salubrious
有毒的<>有益健康的
insalubrious<>wholesome
不健康的<>有益健康的
salubrious<>baneful
有益健康的<>有害的
squalor<>salubrious
肮脏的<>有益健康的
morbid<>salubrious
病态的<> 健康的
Synonyms: HEALTHFUL, good, healthy, hygienic, salutary,
salutiferous, wholesome
Sample:Many people with hay fever move to
more salubrious sections of the country during the months of August and
September.
salutary [5sAljJtErI] adj 的益的，有益健康的
producing a beneficial
effect:REMEDIAL
deleterious<>salutary/salubrious
有害的<>有益健康的
pernicious<>salutary
有害的<>有益的
Synonyms: HEALTHFUL, good, healthy, hygienic, salubrious,
salutiferous, wholesome
Sample:The punishment had a salutary
effect on the boy, as he became a model student.
salutation [sAlju:5teIF(E)n] n.招呼
an expression of greeting, goodwill, or
courtesy by word, gesture, or ceremony
salutation:welcome=approval:applause/applause:praise
招呼:欢迎=赞成:鼓掌 （行为及其所表达的含义）
salutation<>deportation
欢迎<>放逐
Synonyms: GREETING, salute
Sample:The salutation of the letter read "Dear
Mom."
salvage [5sAlvIdV] v. （从灾难中）抢救，海上救助
to rescue or save especially from wreckage
or ruin
salvage<>abandon
救助<>放弃
Sample:Many industries are so beleaguered
by the impact of government sanctions, equipment failure, and foreign
competition that they are beginning to rely on industrial psychologists to
salvage what remains of employee morale.
salve [`sB:lweI] n. 药膏，v. 减轻，缓和
an unctuous adhesive substance for
application to wounds or sores
placebo:innocuous=salve:unctuous
镇定剂:无害的=药膏:滑的（事物及其正面特征）
salve<>irritant
药膏<>刺激物
Synonyms: OINTMENT, balm, cerate, chrism, cream, unction, unguent
Sample:Her
apology was a salve for my anger.
salvo [`sAlvEJ] n. 齐射火器的同时发射
a simultaneous
discharge of two or more guns in military action or as a salute
shot:salvo=??
发射:同时发射:??
sanctify
[5sANktIfaI] vt. 使神圣,奉献给神,使成为神圣之物
to set apart to a sacred purpose or to
religious use:CONSECRATE
desecrate<>sanctify/revere
鄙视<>使神圣/尊敬
Synonyms: BLESS , consecrate, hallow
Sample:The couple sanctified their wedding day by
having a priest marry them in a church.
sanction [5sANkF(E)n] v.批准, 同意, 支持, 鼓励, 认可
to give effective or authoritative
approval or consent to
indict:accuse=sanction:approve
起诉:被告=批准:确认(因果关系)
dismiss<>sanction
解职<>认可
Synonyms: PERMISSION, allowance, authorization, consent, leave, permit, sufferance
Sample:This is so even
though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented
toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for
equal equal work.
sanctimonious
[sANktI5mEJnIEs] adj. 假装神圣的,假装虔诚的,假装诚实的
affecting piousness:hypocritically
devout; also :indicative of
affected piousness
sanctimonious:devoted=unctuous:earnest
假装虔诚的:虔诚的=假殷勤:热心 （ 褒贬程度类比 ）
Synonyms: HYPOCRISY, cant, hypocriticalness,
pecksniffery, pharisaicalness, pharisaism, sanctimoniousness
Sample:You do not have to
be so sanctimonious to prove that you are devout.
sanctuary [5sANktjuEri] n.庇护；庇护所，避难所
a sacred place, such as a church,
in which fugitives formerly were immune to arrest
sanctuary:protection=utopia:perfection
避难所:保护=乌托邦:完美 （事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms： SHELTER , asylum, cover, covert, harbor, harborage, haven,
port, refuge, retreat
sand [sAnd] v. 磨光 n. 沙
to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with
an abrasive (as sandpaper)
varnish:glossy =sand:smooth
涂清漆:有光泽=磨光:光滑（行为及其结果）
sand:dune=word:sentence
{ water:canal}
沙:沙丘=词语:句子
（组成关系）
Sample:When you build a table, you should sand the wood
before you paint it.
sanguine [5sAN^wIn] adj. 充满希望的，乐观的, 血红色的
CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC
sanguine<>despondent/hopeless
充满希望的<>失望的
sanguine<>morose
乐观的<>郁闷的
Synonyms: BLOODY，gory,imbrued；MURDEROUS，bloody; RUDDY, florid
,rubicund
Sample:Let us not be too sanguine about
the outcome; something could go wrong.
sanitation [sAnI5teIF(E)n] n. （公共）卫生
the promotion of hygiene and prevention of
disease by maintenance of sanitary conditions
censorship:information=sanitation:disease
审查制度:消息=卫生:疾病（防止关系）
noxious<>wholesome/sanitary/innocuous
有毒的，有害的<>健康的/卫生的/无毒的
Sample:Strict sanitation is used in businesses
such as barber shops and restaurants.
sap [sAp] vt.使排出体液, 使衰竭, 挖坑道袭击, 逐渐侵蚀
to weaken or exhaust the energy or
vitality of
sap<>invigorate
使衰竭<>鼓舞
Synonyms
WEAKEN,
attenuate, blunt, cripple, debilitate, disable, enfeeble, unbrace, undermine,
unstrengthen
sapient [5seIpIEnt] adj. 装聪明样的,聪明的,伶俐的,有见识的
possessing or expressing great
sagacity
sapient<>foolish
聪明<>愚蠢
Synonyms: WISE , judgmatic, judicious, prudent, sage, sane,
sensible
sapling [5sAplIN] n.树苗, 小树
a young tree; specifically:one not over four inches in
diameter at breast height
sarcastic [sB:5kAztIk] adj. 讽刺的,讥讽的,辛辣的
given to the use of sarcasm:CAUSTIC
sarcasm<>praise
讽刺<>表扬
Synonyms: acerb, acerbic, archilochian, caustic, corrosive
Sample:I am afraid of his trenchant wit
for it is so often sarcastic.
sartorial [sB:5tC:rIEl] adj. 裁缝匠的,缝工的,裁缝的
of or relating to a tailor or tailored
clothes; broadly :of or relating
to clothes
tonsorial:hair=sartorial:apparel
理发的:头发=裁缝的:衣服（职业的形容词及其工作对象）
Sample:He was as famous for
the sartorial splendor of his attire as he was for his acting.
satiated [5seIFIeIt] adj.充分满足的,厌倦的,生腻的
to satisfy (as a need or desire)
fully or to excess
satiated:food=saturated:moisture
饱满的:食物=饱和的:湿度（过分关系）
sate<>starve
饱<>饿
satiate<>tantalize
满足<>挑逗
Synonyms: full, glutted, gorged, jaded, sated, satiate, surfeited
Synonyms: SATE,
SURFEIT, CLOY, PALL, GLUT, GORGE
Sample:The guests, having eaten until they
were satiated, now listened inattentively to the speakers.
satire [5sAtaIE(r)] n．讽剌（作品）
a literary work holding up human vices and
follies to ridicule or scorn
panegyric:eulogize=lampoon:satirize
赞美诗:颂扬=强烈讽刺文:讽刺（事物及其正面特征）
satire:ridicule=elegy:sorrow
讽剌（作品）:嘲笑=挽歌:悲哀（事物及其正面特征）
reportage:journalist=ridicule:satirist
{choreography:dancer}
新闻报道:记者=讽刺的话:讽刺作家 （人物及其工作对象）
satire:lampoon=diligence:effort
讽刺:讽刺=勤奋:努力 （同义关系）
limerick:poem=lampoon:satire
打油诗:诗=讽刺文:讽刺文学 （种属关系）
illustrator:caricaturist=essayist:satirist
插图画家: 漫画家=评论家:讽刺作家（种属关系）
Synonyms: lampoonery, raillery, satiricalness
Sample:Gulliver's Travels, which is
regarded by many as a tale for children, is actually a bitter satire attacking
human folly.
saturated [`sAtFEreItId] adj. 饱和的,渗透的,深颜色的
full of moisture:made thoroughly
wet
satiated:food=saturated:moisture
饱满的:食物=饱和的:湿度（过分关系）
small:minuscule=moist:saturated
小:微小=湿的:饱和的（过分关系）
obliterate:remove=saturated:wet
删除:除去=湿透的:湿 （同义关系）
saturated:wet＝peeved:annoy
湿透的:弄湿=恼怒的:骚挠 (行为及其结果)
Synonyms: WET, drenched,dripping , soaked , soaking ,sodden ,sopping ,
soused , wringing-wet
Sample:Their clothes were saturated by the
rain.
saturnine [5sAtEnaIn] adj. 忧郁的,沉默寡言的,阴沉的,感染铅毒的
of a gloomy or surly disposition
despondent:depressed=saturnine:gloomy/masterful:skilled
意气消沉:沮丧的=忧郁的:忧伤的/熟练的:熟练的 （同义关系）
saturnine<>jovial
郁闷的<>欢乐的
Synonyms: SULLEN, crabbed, dour, gloomy, glum, morose, sulky,
surly, ugly
Sample:Do not be misled by his saturnine
countenance; he is not as gloomy as he looks.
saunter [5sC:ntE(r)] n./v. 闲逛，漫步
to walk about in an idle or
leisurely manner:STROLL
prate:speak=saunter:walk=drawl:speak
闲谈:说=漫步:走=慢慢的说:说 (不正常与正常关系)
lug:carry=saunter:walk
拖拉:携带=闲逛:走（种属关系）
Synonyms: amble, bummel, drift, linger, mope, mosey, muck, stroll
Sample:As we sauntered through the park,
we stopped frequently to admire the spring flowers.
savanna [sE`vAnE] n. 热带大草原热带或亚热带地区的平坦草原
A flat grassland of tropical or subtropical
regions.
savanna<>slope
大草原 <>斜坡
savory [5seIvErI] adj. 风味极佳的,可口的,味香的
pleasing to the sense of taste especially by
reason of effective seasoning
mellifluous:sound=savory:taste
悦耳的:声音=美味的:味道 （形容词及其修饰对象）
savory<>noisome
味好的<>难闻的
acrid<>savory
辣的<>可口的
Synonyms: PALATABLE, aperitive, appetizing, flavorsome,
relishing, sapid, savorous, savorsome, tasty, toothsome
Sample:Julia Child's recipes enable
amateur chefs to create savory delicacies for their guests.
savvy [5sAvI] n./v. 理解能力,机智,悟性
practical
know-how
savvy<>simplicity
机智<>幼稚
savvy<>tactless
机智<>不老练
Sample:That politician has a lot of savvy about
how to talk to TV and newspaper reporters.
scale [skeIl] n.天平,秤盘,秤，音阶
a.an instrument or machine for
weighing
b.an estimate of the amount of sound lumber in
logs or standing timber
gauge:pressure=scale:weight=yardstick:length
量规:压力=天平:重量=码尺:长度:（测量工具及其对象）
color:spectrum=tone:scale
颜色:光谱:音调:音阶 （事物及其度量）
Sample:She played a C-major scale on the piano.
scalpel [5skAlp(E)l] n．外科手术刀，解剖刀
a small straight thin-bladed knife
used especially in surgery
scalpel:surgeon=telescope:astronomer
外科手术刀:外科医生=望远镜:天文学家（人及其主要工具）
Sample:With a scalpel, the doctor cut into the patient's leg.
scan [skAn] vt. 细看,浏览,分析韵律,详细调查,扫描
to read or mark so as to show
metrical structure
scan:metrical=parse:grammatical
分析韵律:(诗的)韵律的=.解析:语法的（动作及其对象）
Synonyms: BROWSE, dip (into), flip (through), glance (at
or over), leaf (through), , riffle
(through), run (through or over), skim (through), thumb (through)
scanty [5skAntI] adj. 缺乏的,仅有的,节省的,狭小的,不够的
limited or less than sufficient in
degree, quantity, or extent
unpleasure:repugnant=scanty:meager
不愉快:不愉快的=不足的:缺乏的 （同义关系）【注：词性不符】
scant:considerable=??
缺乏的:相当多的=??（形容词反面特征）
voluminous<>scanty/scarce
丰满的<>缺乏的
profuse<>scanty
及其丰富的<>缺乏的
myriad<>scanty
无数的<>很少的
plethora<>scanty/shortage
过剩<>不足,缺乏
scant<>abundant
稀少<>丰富
scant<>considerable
少量的<>大量的
scant<>plentiful
缺乏的<>充足的
Synonyms: MEAGER , exiguous, poor, scrimp, scrimpy, skimp, sparse
Sample:Thinking his helping of food was
scanty, Oliver Twist asked for more.
scarce [skeEs] adj.缺乏的, 不足的, 稀有的, 不充足的
deficient in
quantity or number compared with the demand : not plentiful or abundant
superfluity<>scarcity
额外<>缺乏
myriad<>few/scarce
无数的<>很少的/缺乏的
Synonyms: SHORT, deficient, failing, inadequate, insufficient, scant,
scanty, shy, unsufficient, wanting
Sample: When John's mother
found out that he had overthrown his checking account for the third month in a
row, she was so irate that she could scarcely speak to him.
scare [skeE(r)] n. v. 惊吓, 受惊, 威吓
to
frighten especially suddenly:ALARM
scare:terrified=??
威吓:恐惧=??
bully:scare=??
欺负:恐吓=??
Synonyms: FRIGHTEN, affright, alarm, awe, fright, startle,
terrify, terrorize
Sample:The little boy had a scare when his sister
locked him in a closet.
scathing [5skeITIN] adj. 伤害的,损伤的,足致伤害的
bitterly severe
scathing<>politely {cooperative}
伤害<>礼貌的（合作）
Synonyms: CAUSTIC ，mordacious, mordant, salty, trencha
schism [5sIz(E)m] n.(政治组织等的)分裂, 教派
a separation or division into
factions
schism:consensus::interruption:continuity
分裂:一致意见=中断:连续性 （反义关系）
schism<>accord
分裂<>一致
Sample:Unenlightened authoritarian manage
rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of serious conflict among
members of democratically run work groups:a modicum of tolerance for dissent
often prevents schism.
scintillating [5sIntIleIt] adj．才气横溢的,闪闪发光的; 闪烁的
brilliantly
lively, stimulating, or witty
scintillating<>foolly
才气横溢的<>愚蠢的
scintillating<>dull
才气横溢的<>迟钝的
Synonyms: FLASH ,glance, gleam, glimmer, glint, glisten,
glitter, shimmer, sparkle
Sample: The party conversation scintillated as
people told jokes and drank champagne.
scion [5saIEn] n.幼芽, 子孙
DESCENDANT,
CHILD
scion<>ancestor
子孙<>前辈
scoff [skC:f] v.嘲笑，狼吞虎咽
to show contempt by derisive acts
or language
pontificate:pompous=scoff:derisive=drawl:slow=bluster:loud=prate:aimless
武断:高傲的=嘲笑:嘲笑的:慢慢的说:慢=怒号:大声的=闲聊:无目的的（动作及其正面特征）
scoff:contempt=thankful:gratitude
嘲笑:轻蔑=感谢:感谢 (同义关系)
Synonyms: fleer, flout, gibe, gird, jeer, jest, quip (at), scout
(at), sneer
Sample:He scoffed at dentists until he had
his first toothache.
scooter [5sku:tE(r)] n. 滑行车,踏板车
child's foot-operated vehicle consisting of a
narrow footboard mounted between two wheels tandem with an upright steering
handle attached to the front wheel
oscillate:swing=momentum:scooter
振动:秋千=动力:滑行车（事物及其作用对象）
Sample:I like to ride my scooter to work because
I can park in a small space.
scorch [skC:tF] v.烧焦, 枯萎
to
dry or shrivel with or as if with intense heat:PARCH
dampen<>scorch
使潮湿<>烧焦
Synonyms: BURN, bake, broil, cook, melt, roast, swelter
Sample:The fire scorched the walls of the house.
score [skC:(r)] n. 乐谱
the copy of a musical composition
in written or printed notation
director:script=conductor:score
导演:剧本=指挥:乐谱（对象关系）
script:drama=score:music
剧本:戏剧=乐谱:音乐（组成关系）
notes:score=symbols:rebus
音符:乐谱=符号:画谜（组成关系）
scorn [skC:n] vt. 轻蔑,不屑做
to treat with scorn:reject or dismiss as
contemptible or unworthy
deferential:offend=scornful:respect
恭顺的:冒犯=轻蔑的:尊敬（形容词及其动词的反义关系）
redoubtable:regard/awe=despicable:scorn/contempt/disregard
敬畏的:敬畏=鄙视的:鄙视（形容词及其动词的同义关系）
scorn:reject=adulate:flatter=disparage:ignore
鄙视:拒绝=谄媚:奉承=鄙视:忽略（因果关系）
venerable:reverence=despicable:scorn
可敬的:尊敬=可鄙的:鄙视（因果关系）
adulate<>scorn
谄媚<>鄙视
venerate<>despise/scorn
尊敬<>蔑视
Synonyms: DESPITE ，contempt, despisal, despisement, disdain,
disparagement
Sample:Looking askance at her questioner,
she displayed her scorn.
scour [5skaJE(r)] vt. 擦亮,洗涤,冲洗,急速穿过,冲刷成,清洗
to
rub hard especially with a rough material for cleansing
scour:wash=??
擦亮:擦洗=??（动作及其结果）
Synonyms: HURRY ，beeline, bullet, fleet, flit, fly
Sample:We scoured
the woods for a lost child.
scowl [skaJl] vi. 皱眉头,做出不高兴的脸
to contract the brow in an
expression of displeasure
scowl:displeasure=kiss:affection{hurl:disgust}
皱眉头:不悦=亲吻:爱情{扔:反感}（因果关系）
Synonyms: FROWN , gloom, glower, lower
Sample:The child scowled when his father asked
him to share the cookie.
scrap [skrAp] vt.扔弃, 敲碎, 拆毁
to discard as worthless; junk
scrap<>retrieve
扔弃<>找回
Synonyms： DISCARD, cashier, cast, jettison, junk, reject, shed, slough,
throw away, throw out
scrappy [5skrApI] adj. 好斗的，生气勃勃的
scrappy<>timorous
好斗的<>胆小的
synonym:UARRELSOME, battlesome, brawling, brawlsome
Sample:She gets scrappy with people who don't
agree with her politics.
scrawl [skrC:l] vt.乱涂, 潦草地写
to write
or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly
scrawl<>write carefully
潦草地写<>仔细的写
Synonyms:
SCRIBBLE, scrabble,
scratch, squiggle
Sample:He scrawled his ideas on paper and typed
them neatly later.
screw [skru:]
n. 螺旋,螺杆,螺孔,吝啬鬼,螺丝钉
a nail-shaped or rod-shaped piece with a
spiral groove and a slotted or recessed head designed to be inserted into
material by rotating
gear:tooth=screw:thread
齿轮:齿轮的齿=螺旋:螺纹（事物及其特殊部分）
scribble [5skrIb(E)l] vt.vi. 潦草地书写,乱写,滥写
to write hastily or carelessly without regard
to legibility or form
tinker:adjust=scribble:write=mumble:talk
笨拙的修补:调试=乱写:写=喃喃而语:说（非正常与正常关系）
Synonyms: scrabble, scratch, scrawl, squiggle
script [skrIpt] n. 手迹,手稿,副本
the written text of a stage play, screenplay,
or broadcast; specifically :the
one used in production or performance
director:script=conductor:score
导演:剧本=指挥:乐谱（行为及其依据对象）
script:drama=score:music
剧本:戏剧=乐谱:音乐（组成关系）
Sample:After the film editors had bowdlerized
the language in the script, the motion picture's rating was changed from
"R" to "PG."
scrupulous [5skru:pjJlEs] adj. 小心谨慎的,细心的
having moral integrity:acting in strict regard
for what is considered right or proper
probity<>unscrupulousness
正直的<>无法无天的
Synonyms: UPRIGHT
honest, just，true；CAREFUL , conscientious, exact, fussy, heedful,
meticulous, painstaking, punctilious, punctual
Sample:The value of Davis’ sociological
research is com-promised by his unscrupulous tendency to use materials selectively
in order to substantiate his own claims, while disregarding information that
points to other possible conclusions.
scrutable [`skrU:tEbl] adj. 通过细看和细查可以理解的
capable of being
deciphered:COMPREHENSIBLE
mysterious<>scrutable
神秘而不可知的<>可了解的
Sample:Experienced poker players try to
keep their expressions inscrutable, hiding their reactions to the cards behind
a so-called poker face.
scrutiny [5skru:tEnI] n. 细看,仔细检查,监视,选票的复查
a searching study, inquiry, or
inspection:EXAMINATION
observe:scrutinize=question:grill
观察:细查=询问=拷问（程度关系）
scrutinize:gloss=delve:skim
细查:掠过=深入研究:浏览（程度关系）
scrutinize:look=??
细查:看=??
scrutinize<>gloss over
细查<>马虎
Synonyms: check over, check up, con, examine, inspect,
perlustrate, study, survey
Sample:In contrast to the incuriosity with which
the acquisition of language by young children was once regarded, the process by
which such learning occurs has now become the object of scrutiny .
scuff [skQf] n./v. 拖着脚走,磨损
to scratch, gouge, or wear away the
surface of
scuff:abrasion=heat:vaporization
拖着脚走:磨损=加热:蒸发（动作及其结果）
Synonyms: SHUFFLE ， scuffle, shamble, shool, shovel Sample:I scuffed my shoes on the sidewalk.
sculptor [`skQlptE(r)] n. 雕刻家
an artist who makes sculptures
canvas:painter=marble:sculptor
画布:画家=大理石:雕刻家（人物及其工作对象）
statue:sculpture=ode:poem
雕像:雕刻品=颂诗:诗（种属关系）
author:novel=sculptor:marble {chef:banquet}
作家:小说=雕塑家:大理石 （人物及其创作加工对象）[注：此题有较大争议]
Sample:A sculptor carved a statue of his lover in
a piece of stone.
scurrilous [5skQrIlEs] adj.说话粗鄙恶劣的, 使用低级粗俗语言的, 嘴损的, 下流的
using or
given to coarse language
scurrilous:propriety=mercurial:constancy
下流的:适当=易变得:一致
（反面特征）
Synonyms: ABUSIVE, contumelious, invective,
opprobrious, scurrile, truculent, vituperative, vituperatory, vituperous
Sample:Your scurrilous
remarks are especially offensive because they are untrue.
scurvy [5sk\:vI] adj. 下流的,卑鄙的,无礼的
disgustingly mean or
contemptible:DESPICABLE
scurvy<>above reproach
下流的<>不受指责的
Synonyms: CONTEMPTIBLE, beggarly despicable, despisable,
mean, pitiable, scummy, shabby
Sample:Peter Pan sneered at Captain Hook
and his scurvy crew.
scutter [5skQtE] v.疾走,仓促地并发出混乱声响的移动
to move with a clattering,
scurrying sound
vacillate:swing=momentum:scutter
犹豫:动摇=动力:疾走 （因果关系）
scission [5siVEn] n.切断,
分开, 分离, 分裂
The act of cutting or severing;
division or fission.
scission<>unification
分裂 <> 统一
scissor [
5sizE ] n.剪刀
a cutting implement consisting of two blades
joined by a swivel pin that allows the cutting edges to be opened and closed
pestle:grinding=scissor:cutting { spoon: stirring }
乳钵,:磨=剪刀:剪 (工具及其功用) [注：此题有较大争议]
scythe [saIT] n. 长柄的大镰刀,战车镰
an implement used for mowing (as grass) and
composed of a long curving blade fastened at an angle to a long handle
scythe:reaper=axe:woodcutter
镰刀:收割者=斧子:伐木者（人及其工具关系）
Sample:The carpenter uses screws to put the table parts
together.
secluded [sI5klu:dId] adj. 僻静的；隐僻的； 退隐的
Removed or remote from others;
solitary
hermitage:secluded=landmark:conspicuous
隐居处:隐退的=路标:明显的 （建筑物及其正面特征）
Sample:We drove to a secluded spot in the country and had a
lovely picnic.
secrete [sI5kri:t] vt. 隐秘,隐藏,隐匿,分泌
to form and give off (a secretion)
frank:secretiveness=honest:theft
坦白的:秘密=诚实的:偷（名词及其反面特征关系）
secrete<>absorb
分泌<>吸收
secrete<>divulge
秘密<>裸露，公开
Synonyms: HIDE, bury, bush up, cache, conceal, cover, ensconce
Sample:The pack rat secretes odds and ends
in its nest; the pancreas secretes insulin in the islets of Langerhans.
sedate [sI5deIt] adj. 沉着的,镇静的,安静的 vt. 给...服镇静剂
to
dose with sedatives
sedative:pacify=antiseptic:sterlize
镇定剂:使平静=消毒剂:使无菌（作用关系）
sedative:drowsiness=anesthetic:numbness
镇定剂:睡意=麻醉剂:麻木(因果关系)
sedate<>roil
沉着<>激怒
sedate<>flighty
稳定<>轻浮
synonym:SERIOUS ,earnest,grave, sober, sobersided,
solemn, somber, staid, weighty
Sample:The parents were worried because
they felt their son was too quiet and sedate.
sedentary [5sedEnterI] adj. 久坐的，固定不动的
not migratory:SETTLED
migratory<>sedentary
流动的<>静止的
peripatetic<>sedentary
巡游的<>不迁徙的
synonym:calm, placid, serene, tranquil
Sample:Noting the murder
victim's flaccid musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the
unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some sedentary occupation.
seduce [sI5du:s] vt. 怂恿,瞒骗,引诱,诱奸
to persuade to disobedience or
disloyalty
seduce<>discourage
引诱<>使气馁
Synonyms: LURE, allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, inveigle,
lead on, tempt, train
Sample:The National Archives contain information so
seductive that researchers have been known never to publish because they cannot
bear to bring their studies to an end.
sedulous [5sedVJlEs] adj. 聚精会神的、勤勉的
involving or accomplished with
careful perseverance
sedulous<>careless/lack of industriousness
勤勉的<>粗心的
sedulous<>lazy
勤勉的<>怠惰的
Synonyms: ASSIDUOUS, diligent, industrious, operose
Sample:The young woman was so sedulous
that she received a commendation for her hard work.
seemly [5si:mlI] adj. 适当的,恰当的,合适的,好看的
conventionally proper:DECOROUS
ribald:seemly=labyrinthine:direct
下流的:适宜的=迷宫似的:直接的 （反义关系）
seemly<>uncouth/ribald/indecorous
合适的<>笨拙的/粗俗的/不和礼节的
Synonyms: DECOROUS ,becoming, befitting,conforming, decent, nice, proper, right
Sample:Lady Bracknell did not think it was
seemly for Ernest to lack a proper family; no baby abandoned on a doorstep
could grow up to marry her daughter.
seminal [`semInEl] adj. 有创意的,种子的,生殖的
containing or contributing the
seeds of later development
seminal<>hampering further development
种子的<>阻碍进一步发展
seminal<>derivative
有创意的<>派生的
synonym:original
Sample:Although Freud has generally been
regarded as a seminal thinker who shaped the course of psychology, his
psychoanalytic methods have come under attack recently.
seminary [5semInErI] n. 学校,学院,发源地
A school, especially a theological school for
the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis
conservatory:music=seminary:theology=observatory:astronomy
音乐学院:音乐=神学院:神学=气象台:天文学（培养场所）
Sample:Sure of his priestly vocation,
Terrence planned to pursue his theological training at the local Roman Catholic
seminary.
sensation [sen5seIF(E)n] n.感觉，知觉；轰动
a mental process (as seeing, hearing, or
smelling) due to immediate bodily stimulation often as distinguished from
awareness of the
analgesic:pain=anesthetic:sensation
止痛剂:疼痛=麻醉剂:感觉（消除关系）
numb:sensation=stiff:suppleness
麻木:感觉=刚硬:柔软（缺乏关系）
numb:insensible:burnish:lustrous
麻木:无知觉的=光泽:有光泽的（正面特征）
bribe:incorruptible=affect/rouse:insensible
贿赂:清廉的=激起:麻木的
sensation<>anesthesia
知觉<>麻木
sensation<>unnoticed event
轰动<>不知名的小事
numb<>sensation
麻木<>感觉 【注：词性不符】
Synonyms: feeling, sense, sensibility；WONDER, marvel,
miracle, phenomenon, portent
Sample:Human reaction to the realm of
thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life
is based on the fact that material sensations actually present may have a
weaker influence on our action than do ideas of remote facts.
sensitive [5sensItIv] adj. 敏感的,易感的,灵敏的,感光的
highly responsive or susceptible
tactless/insensitive:offend=obstinate:preserve
不机智的/不敏感的:冒犯=顽固的:保守（人物特征及其正面行为）
insensitive:boor=mischievous:imp
感觉迟钝:粗人=调皮:小鬼（人及其正面特征）
sensitization:allergic=habituation:inured
敏感:敏感的:习惯:习惯的（形容词及其名词的同义关系）
quixotic:idealistic=touchy:sensitive
空想的:空想主义的:敏感的:敏感的(同义关系)
sensitive:boor=sagacity:simpleton
敏感的:粗野的人=聪明:笨蛋 （人物及其反面特征）
tactile:touch=sentient:emotion
{corse:surface}
触觉的:触觉=情感的:情感 （形容词与名词的同义关系）
sensitive<>numb
敏感<>麻木
insensitive<>tender
感觉迟钝的<>敏感的
sentimental/sentient<>unconscious
多愁善感的/有感觉的<>无意识的
synonym:impressible, responsive, sensile, susceptible, susceptive
Sample:The successful reconstruction of an
archaeological site requires scientific knowledge as well as cultural sensitivity.
sentinel [`sentInLl] n.哨兵,看守
SENTRY:GUARD, WATCH; especially :a soldier standing guard at a point of passage
(as a gate)
sentinel:watchful=epicure:discriminating
哨兵:警觉的=美食家:辨别（人及其正面特征）
sentient<>unconscious
有意识的<>无意识的
Sample:Though camped in enemy territory,
Bledsoe ignored the elementary precaution of posting sentinels around the
encampment.
sepulchral [sI5pQlkr(E)l] adj. 坟墓的，阴深的
suited to or suggestive of a
sepulchre:FUNEREAL, MORTUARY
sepulchral<>merry
阴深的<>欢快的
Synonyms: mortuary, tumulary；
sequela [
si5kwi:lE ] n.后继者, 后遗症
A
secondary consequence or result
precursor<>sequela
先驱<>后继者
sequester [sI`kwi:lE] vt. 使隐退,使隔绝,扣押,没收
to place (property) in custody
especially in sequestration
sequester:seclusion=endanger:jeopardy
隐退:隔离=危险:危及（动词及其正面特征）
sequester<>permit to mingle
隔绝<>混合
Synonyms: ISOLATE, close off, cut off, insulate, island,
segregate, separate
Sample:Although he had hoped for a long
time to sequester himself in a small community, he never was able to drop his
busy round of activities in the city.
seraph [5serEf] n.[圣经]六翼天使
one of the 6-winged angels standing in the presence of God
diabolical<>seraphic
魔鬼的<>六翼天使的
sere [sIE(r)] adj．干枯的，凋萎的
being dried and withered
sere<>lush/damp
干枯的，凋萎的<>丰富的/湿润的
Synonyms: DRY, arid, bone-dry, droughty, moistureless,
thirsty, waterless
Sample:After the unseasonably dry winter
the Berkeley hills looked dusty and sere.
serendipity [serEn5dIpItI] n. 善于发掘新奇事物的天赋
the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable
or agreeable things not sought for
serendipitous:effort=ineluctable:chance
善于发掘新奇事物的天赋:努力=不可避免:机会（缺乏关系）
Sample:Many scientific discoveries are a
matter of serendipity:Newton was not sitting there thinking about gravity when
the apple dropped on his head.
serenity [sI`renEtI] n. 宁静,沉着,晴朗
the
quality or state of being shining bright and steady
perturb:serenity=reassure:doubt
使担忧:平静=使安心:怀疑（行为及其消除对象）
disturb:serenity=console:grief
扰乱:平静=安慰:悲伤（行为及其消除对象）
perturb:serenity=reassure:doubt
扰乱:平静=使安心:疑虑（行为及其消除对象）
disaffected:contentment=anxious:serenity
不服的:满意=担忧的:平静（形容词与名词的反义关系）
disturb:serenity=intrude:privacy
扰乱:平静=侵入:隐私（行为及其消除对象）
restless:serenity=deferential:insolent
不平静的:平静=恭谨的:无礼(形容词和名词的反义关系)
perturb:serenity=impertinent:propriety
扰乱:平静
= 鲁莽:适当 （缺乏关系）
havoc<>serenity
混乱<>宁静
tumultuous<>serene
骚动的<>平静的
furor<>serenity
激情<>平静
vociferous<>serenity
喧哗的<>安静的
pandemonium<>serene
喧嚣<>宁静
tumult/bedlam/riot<>serenity
骚动/混乱/骚乱<>平静
tempestuous<>serene
暴乱的<>平静的
Synonyms: CALM，composed, easy, placid, poised, self-composed,
self-possessed, tranquil
Sample:As painted by Constable, the scene
is not one of bucolic serenity; rather it shows a striking emotional and
intellectual tension.
serfdom [`s\:fdEm] n.农奴身份, 农奴境遇
a member
of a servile feudal class bound to the soil and subject to the will of his lord
serfdom<>lord
农奴<>地主
sermon [5s\:mEn] n. 说教,训诫,布道
a religious discourse delivered in public
usually by a clergyman as a part of a worship service
nitpicker:criticize=preacher:sermon=quibbler:cavil
吹毛求疵者:批评=布道者:布道=吹毛求疵者:挑剔（人及其正面特征）
homiletics:sermon=logic:argument
说教术:说教=逻辑学:辩论（学科及研究内容）
orator:lecture=preacher:sermon
演讲者:演讲=布道者:布道（人物及特征行为）
preacher:sermon=orator:address
传教士:布道=演讲者:演讲（人物极其正面特征）
Synonyms: preach, preaching, preachment, sermonizing
serpentine [5s\:pEntaIn] adj. 蜿蜒的在形状或移动上象蛇的；弯曲的
Of
or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous
serpentine:directness::??
弯曲的:直接=??
Sample:The
car swerved at every curve in the serpentine road.
serrate [sE`reIt] adj. 锯齿状的
notched or toothed on the edge; specifically having marginal teeth pointing forward or toward the apex
serrated<>without notches/smooth
锯齿形的<>无凹口的/平滑的
synonym:denticulate,
saw-edged, sawtooth, saw-toothed
Sample:The beech tree is one of many
plants that have serrated leaves.
serried [`serId] adj. 密集的,林立的,重重叠叠罗列的
crowded or pressed together:COMPACT
serried<>widely separated
密集的<>稀疏的
Synonyms: SERRATE, denticulate, saw-edged, sawtooth, saw-toothed,
serrated
servile [5servl] adj.奴隶的；卑屈的
meanly or cravenly
submissive:ABJECT
compliant:servile=trusting:gullible
顺从的:卑屈的=信任的:受骗的 （褒贬程度类比）
gullible:chicanery=servile:domination
易受骗的:欺骗=奴隶的:控制（行为及其对象正面特征）
imperious:servile=bellicose:peaceable
高傲的:奴性的:好斗的:和平的（反面特征）
impetuous:hesitate=irrepressible:servile
冲动的:犹豫=无法镇压的:顺从的 （反义关系）
obsequious:servile=belligerent:assertive
谄媚的:卑曲的=好战的:；过分自信的 (同义关系)
Synonyms:
SUBSERVIENT , menial,
obeisant, obsequious, slavish
Sample:The king enjoyed the servile
compliments and attentions of the sycophants in his retinue.
severe [sI5vIE(r)] adj. 严格的,凶猛的,严肃的,朴素的
rigorous in restraint, punishment, or
requirement:STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE
mitigate:severe=qualify:general
减轻:剧烈的=使具有资格:一般的（消除关系）
palmy:prosperity=draconian:severity
繁荣的:繁荣=严重的:剧烈（形容词及其名词）
Synonyms: ascetic, astringent, austere, mortified, stern
Sample:The stern visage of the judge
indicated that she had decided to impose a severe penalty.
shackle [5FAk(E)l] vt. 加桎梏,加枷锁,束缚
to deprive of freedom especially of action by
means of restrictions or handicaps:IMPEDE
shackle<>loose/emancipate
束缚<>放松/解放
Synonyms: bond(s), chains, fetter(s), gyve(s), iron(s)
Sample:Our times seem especially
hospitable to bad ideas, probably because in throwing off the shackles of
tradition, we have ended up being quite vulnerable to untested theories and
untried remedies.
shadow [5FAdEJ] vt. 遮蔽,使朦胧,预示,尾随
to follow especially secretly:TRAIL
follow:shadow=leave:abscond
跟随:尾随=离开:潜逃（正常与秘密）
follow:shadow=scheme:plot
跟随:尾随=计划:密谋（正常与秘密）
hear:eavesdrop=follow:shadow
听:偷听=跟随:尾随 （正常与秘密）
shadowy<>overt
遮蔽<>公开
Synonyms: SHADE, adumbration, penumbra, umbra, umbrage
Sample:We could see the morning sunlight
illuminate the pinnacle while the rest of the mountain lay in shadow.
shale [FeIl] n. 页岩,泥板岩
a fissile rock that is formed by the
consolidation of clay, mud, or silt, has a finely stratified or laminated
structure, and is composed of minerals essentially unaltered since deposition
shale:lode=well:aquifer
页岩:矿脉=井:蓄水层 （事物及其发源）
sham [FAm] v.佯装 n.伪品 adj.虚假的
an
imitation or counterfeit purporting to be genuine
debunk<>perpetuate to sham
揭穿真相<>永远的伪装
sham<>genuine
虚假的<>真正的
Synonyms: IMPOSTURE, cheat, deceit, deception, fake, flimflam,
hoax, put-on, sell, spoof
Sample:He shammed sickness to get out of
going to school.
shard [FB:d] n. (陶瓷器、瓦等的) 破片,碎片
fragments of pottery vessels found on sites
and in refuse deposits where pottery-making peoples have lived
shard:pottery=fragment:bone=crumb: bread
破片:陶瓷=碎骨:骨头=面包屑:面包（整体与碎片）
shard:pottery=morsel:food
破片:陶瓷=少量食物:食物（碎片与整体）
shelter [5FeltE(r)] vt. 庇护,保护,隐匿 n.掩蔽处, 身避处, 掩蔽
to
constitute or provide a shelter for:PROTECT
conspicuous:sheltered=??
显著的:隐秘的（反面特征）=??
arbor:shelter=hedgerow:fence
树荫:掩蔽处=灌木篱墙:围墙 （种属关系）
Synonyms: asylum,cover,covert,harbor,
harborage, haven, port, refuge, retreat, sanctuary
Sample:The archaeologist assigned several
students the task of reassembling earthenware vessels from the shards he had
brought back from the expedition.
shiftless [5FIftlIs] adj. 无计谋的,偷懒的,不中用的,无能的
lacking in ambition or
incentive:LAZY
shiftless:ambition=ingenuous:guile
无能的:雄心=坦白的:诡计（缺乏关系）
Sample:Stop being
so shiftless; get out of bed and go to work.
shirk [F\:k] v．逃避，规避
to evade the performance of an
obligation
duty:shirk=question:parry
责任:逃避=问题:挡开（逃避关系）
parsimonious:skimp=malingering:shirk
吝啬的:小气=装病=逃避（动词及其正面形容词）
hoard:miser=shirk:malinger
秘藏:守财奴=逃避:装病的人 （人物及其特征动作）
recluse:crowd=shirk:duty
隐遁:人群=推卸:责任
（动宾关系）
Synonyms: SNEAK, creep, gumshoe, lurk, pussyfoot, skulk, slink,
slip
Sample:Brian has a strong sense of duty;
he would never shirk any responsibility.
shopworn [5FRpwC:n] adj.在商店中陈列旧了(或坏了)的, 陈旧的, 陈腐的
stale from excessive use or
familiarity
shopworm<>new
陈旧的<>新的
Synonyms: TRITE, cliche, cliched, hackneyed, stale,
sterotypical, timeworn, tired, well-worn, worn-out
shrewd [Fru:d] adj. 精明的,锐利的,厉害的,机灵的
marked by clever discerning
awareness and hardheaded acumen
shrewd<>foolish
精明的<>愚蠢的
shrewd<>naïve
精明的<>天真的
shrewd<>humility
精明的<>谦卑的
Synonyms: argute, astucious, astute, cagey, heady, perspicacious,
sagacious
Sample:Because of its lack of theaters,
the city came, ironically, to be viewed as an unimpressed theater town, and
that reputation led entrepreneurs to believe that it would be shrewd to build
new theaters there.
shrink [FrINk] n. 收缩,萎缩,畏缩
to recoil instinctively
abate:force=shrink:size
减轻:力量=(使)皱缩:尺寸(动宾关系)
Synonyms: CONTRACT, compress, concentrate, condense, constrict
Sample:My wool sweater shrank when I washed it.
shrug [FrQ^] vt.vi. 耸肩
to raise or draw in the shoulders especially
to express aloofness, indifference, or uncertainty
embrace:affection=shrug:indifference
拥抱:亲情=耸肩:漠然（动作及其表现感情）
blush:embarrassment=nod:agreement=bow:respect=shrug:indifference
脸红:困窘=点头:同意=鞠躬:尊敬=耸肩:不关心（动作及其表现感情）
Sample:Cynics believe that people who shrug off
compliments do so in order to be praised twice.
shun [FQn] vt.避开, 避免
to avoid deliberately and
especially habitually
haunt<>shun
常到<>避开
frequent<>shun { avoid }
时常出入<>避开
【注:此题争议较大 shun侧重强调避开一个地方，avoid 侧重强调避开人或事物，防止发生】
Synonyms: ESCAPE, avoid, bilk, double, duck, elude, eschew,
evade, shy
Sample:We thought the
hermit was a miantrope because he shunned our society.
shunt [FQnt] v. 使（火车）转到另一轨道，转移方向
to switch (as a train) from one
track to another
divert:shunt=retard:brake
转向:突然转向=减速:刹车（动作及其目的）
Sample:If the switchman
failed to shunt the Silver Streak onto a side track, the train would plow right
into Union Station.
shuttle [5FQt(E)l] vt.vi.(使)穿梭移动,往返运送
to cause to move or travel back and
forth frequently
Synonyms: shunt
Sample:The shuttles leave the hotel for the airport every
hour.
sidereal [saI5dIErIEl] adj. 恒星的
of, relating to, or expressed in relation to
stars or constellations:ASTRAL
arboreal:trees=sidereal:stars
树的:树=恒星的:恒星（形容及其名词）
fluvial:river=sidereal:star
河流的:河流=恒星的:恒星 （名词及其形容词）
star:sidereal=emotion:affective
恒星:恒星的=感情:感情的
Synonyms: STELLAR , astral, starny, starry, stellular
Sample:Although hampered by optical and
mechanical flaws, the orbiting Hubble space telescope has relayed extraordinary
images of distant sidereal bodies.
signal [5sI^n(E)l] adj. 作为信号的,显著的
distinguished from the ordinary
signal<>unremarkable
显著的<>不明显的
Sample:The Grand Marshal of the parade
raised his mace to signal that it was time for the procession to begin.