list 2 alphabetical --- arresting
alphabetical [AlfE5betIk(E)l] adj.字母(表)的，ABC的
arranged
in the order of the letters of the alphabet
dictionary:alphabetical=annals:chronological
字典:按字母顺序的=编年史；按时间顺序的（排列关系）
Sample:He put the words in the list
in alphabetical order.
altruism [5AltrJIz(E)m] n. 利他主义，不自私
unselfish
regard for or devotion to the welfare of others
altruist:selflessness=connoisseur:expertise
利他主义者:无私=鉴赏家:专家意见(人或事物及其正面特征)
altruism<>egocentric
利他主义<>利己主义
Synonyms: CHARITABLE, benevolent,
eleemosynary, good, humane, humanitarian, philanthropic
Sample:That rich woman is altruistic; she pays the expenses for poor students to
go to college.
amalgamate [E5mAl^EmeIt] v. 合并，混合
to
merge into a single body
amalgamate<>separate
混合<>分开
amalgamate<>isolate
结合<>分隔开
amalgamate<>disintegration
混合<>瓦解【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: MIX , admix, compound,
fuse, interfuse, intermingle, intermix, meld, merge, mingle
Sample:The unions will attempt to amalgamate their
groups into one national body.
amass [E5mAs] v. 积聚，收集
to
collect for oneself:ACCUMULATE
amass<>dissipate
积聚<>浪费
Synonyms: ACCUMULATE, cumulate,
garner, hive, lay up, roll up, stockpile, store (up), uplay
Sample:The miser's aim is to amass and hoard as much
gold as possible.
ambiguous [Am5bI^jJEs] adj. 含糊的，不明确的
doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or
indistinctness
equivocation:ambiguous=platitude:banal
模棱两可的话:暧昧不明确的=陈词滥调:陈腐的(事物及其正面征)
ambiguous:understand=blatant:ignore
不明确的:理解=明显的:忽视(事物特征及其反面被动行为)
ambiguous:clarity=mendacious:truth
模棱两可:清楚=说谎:事实（反义关系）
equivocation:ambiguous=oxymoron:incongruous
模棱两可的话:暧昧的=矛盾修饰法:不调和的 （事物及其正面特征）
ambiguous:understand=equivocal:meaning
模糊的:理解=摸棱两可的:含义（事物及其修饰）
watershed<>routine { ambiguity }
重要转折点<>日常生活
Synonyms: OBSCURE,amphibological,equivocal,opaque,uncertain, unclear,
unexplicit, unintelligible
Sample:His ambiguous instructions misled us; we did
not know which road to take.
ambivalent [Am5bIvElEnt] adj. 有矛盾看法的，正反感情并存的
continual fluctuation (as between one thing
and its opposite)
Sample:The senator’s remark that she is ambivalent
about running for a second term is persuasive given the extremely apathetic
fund-raising activities of her campaign committee.
amble [5Amb(E)l] vi. 漫步,溜蹄
to
walk slowly or leisurely; stroll
amble:walk=chat:talk
溜达:步行=闲聊:谈话(非正式和正式关系)
tint:suffuse=amble:wander
轻微着色:弥漫充满=缓行溜达:漫游徘徊(程度关系)
walk:amble=draw:doodle
步行:溜达=画:乱画 （正常与非正常）
amble<>step
quickly
漫步<>快走
amble<>match
quickly
漫步<>快速追上
Synonyms: SAUNTER, bummel, drift, linger, mope, mosey, muck, stroll
Sample:When she first mounted the horse, she was
afraid to urge the animal to go faster than a gentle amble.
ambrosial [Am`brEJzjEl] adj. 芬香的, 特别美味的
suggestive
of ambrosia; fragrant or delicious
mellifluous:music=ambrosial:food
悦耳的:音乐=天上美味的:食物（形容词及其修饰对象）
Synonyms: luscious, yummy ,aromal,
aromatic, balmy, fragrant, perfumed
Sample:ambrosia was supposed to give immortality to
any human who ate it.
ameliorate [E5mi:lIEreIt]vt. 改善,改良,变好
to make better or more tolerable
ameliorate:improve=admonish:caution
改善:提高=劝诫:警告 （同义关系）
ameliorate<>aggravate
改善<>使恶化
demoralize <>invigorate{ameliorate}
士气受挫<>鼓舞 【此题有争议】
damper<>ameliorate
抑制因素<>改进 【注；词性不符】
ameliorate<>exacerbate
改善<>使恶化
Synonyms: IMPROVE, amend, better, help, meliorate
Sample:Many social workers have attempted to ameliorate the conditions of people living in the slums.
amenable [E5mi:nEbl] adj.应服从的, 有服从义务的, 有责任的
responsive to advice, authority, or suggestion; tractable
amenable<>intransigent
服从的<>不妥协的
amenable<>inimical
服从的<>敌意的
Synonyms: OBEDIENT,
biddable, docile, tractable
Sample: He was amenable to any suggestions that came from those he looked up to; he resented advice from his inferiors.
amenity [E5mi:nItI]
n. 适意,温和,礼仪
something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment
amenity:comfortable=honorarium:grateful
适意:舒服的=报酬,谢礼:感谢的 (事物及其正面特征)
Synonyms: agreeability, agreeableness, amiability, cordiality, enjoyableness, geniality, gratefulness, pleasance, pleasantness, sweetness and light
Sample:The host of the party began with the usual amenities of introducing himself and his guests.
amiable [5eImIEb(E)l] adj. 亲切的,和蔼可亲的
being friendly, sociable, and congenial
inimical<>friendly/amiable/amicable
有敌意的<>友好的/亲切的/友善的
Synonyms: complaisant, easy, good-humored, good-natured, good-tempered, lenient, mild, obliging
Sample:His amiable disposition pleased all who had
dealings with him.
amicable [5AmIkEb(E)l] adj. 友善的,和平的
characterized by friendly goodwill:PEACEABLE
inimical<>friendly/amiable/amicable
有敌意的<>友好的/亲切的/友善的
asperity<>amicable
粗暴<>友善的 【注：词性不符】
Synonyms: HARMONIOUS , amical, congenial, friendly
Sample:The dispute was settled in an amicable manner
with no harsh words.
amiss [E5mIs] adj. 有毛病的,出差错的
in a faulty way:IMPERFECTLY
Synonyms: faultily, incorrectly, wrongly
Sample:Seeing her frown, he wondered if anything were amiss.
amorphous [E5mC:fEs] adj. 无定形的，散漫的
having no definite form:SHAPELESS
amorphous:shape=errant:course
无定形的:形状=周游的:路线 (缺乏关系)
amorphous:shape=wandering:course
无定形的:形状=漫游的:路线 (缺乏关系)
amorphous:shape=equivocal:meaning
无定形的:形状=模棱两可的:意义（缺乏关系）
Synonyms: FORMLESS, inchoate, shapeless, unformed, unshaped
Sample:John was subject to panic attacks that left
him prey to vague, amorphous fears:he knew he was terrified, but could neither
define nor explain the cause of his terror.
amphibian [Am5fIbIEn] n. 两栖动物,水陆两用飞机,水陆两用车
any of a class (Amphibia) of cold-blooded vertebrates (as frogs, toads, or salamanders) intermediate in many characters between fishes and reptiles and having gilled aquatic larvae and air-breathing adults
eaglet:bird=fawn:mammal {frog:amphibian}
小鹰:鸟=小羊:哺乳动物 {青蛙=两栖动物}（种属 强调小的特征）
Sample:Frogs are classified as amphibian.
amplify [5AmplIfaI] vt. 扩大,详述,使增幅
to make larger or greater (as in amount, importance, or intensity):INCREASE
mute<>amplify
减弱...的声音<>使增幅
Synonyms: EXPAND , dilate, distend, inflate, swell
Sample:Her attempts to amplify her remarks were drowned out by the jeers of the
audience.
amplitude [5AmplItud] n.广大；充足；振幅
the quality or state of being ample:FULLNESS
amplitude<>meagerness
充足<>贫乏
Synonyms: BREADTH , comprehensiveness, fullness, scope, wideness
Sample:The football stadium has seating space of
great amplitude.
amulet [5AmjJlIt] n.护身符
a charm (as an
ornament) often inscribed with a magic incantation or symbol to protect the
wearer against evil (as disease or witchcraft) or to aid him
amulet:evil=helmet:injury
护身符:邪恶=头盔:伤害
Synonyms: CHARM, fetish, juju, luck, mascot, periapt, phylactery,
talisman, zemi
Sample:Around her neck she wore the amulet that the
witch doctor had given her.
anaerobic [AneE5rEJbIk] adj.厌氧的. anaerobe n.厌氧微生物
living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen
anaerobic<>living in oxygen
厌氧性的<>生活在氧气里的
anaerobic<>{respiration}
厌氧性的<>呼吸 【词性不符】
anaerobic<>require oxygen
厌氧性的<>需要氧气的
analgesic [AnAl5dVi:sIk] n.镇痛剂, adj.止痛的
insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness
analgesic:pain=anesthetic:sensation
止痛剂:疼痛=麻醉剂:感觉 （消除关系）
pain:analgesic=sensation:anesthetic
疼痛:止痛剂=感觉:麻醉剂 （消除关系）
pain:analgesic=symptom:palliative
疼痛:止痛的=症状:缓和的 （形容词及其消除关系）
analgesia:pain=simplify:complexity
痛觉丧失:疼痛=简单化:复杂性 （消除关系）【词性不符】
tonic:invigorate=analgesic:deaden
补药:使健壮=止痛剂:使麻木 （药品及其作用）
soporific:alert=analgesic:pain
安眠药:警醒=止痛药:疼痛 （药物及其消除对象）
Synonyms: ANODYNE , anesthetic, pain-killer
Sample:The analgesic qualities of his lotion will provide temporary relief.
analogy [E5nAlEdVI]
n. 类似，相似，类比，类推
a:resemblance in some particulars between things otherwise unlike:SIMILARITY
b:comparison based on such resemblance
disparate<>analogous
不同的<>类似的
Synonyms: LIKENESS, affinity, alikeness, comparison, resemblance, semblance, similarity, simile, similitude
Sample:Your analogy is not a good one because the two situations are not similar.
analysis [E5nAlEsIs] n. 分析
separation of a whole into its component parts
measure:dimension=analyze:nature
测量:尺寸=分析:自如状态 （动宾关系）
synthesis<>analysis
综合<>分析
Synonyms: breakdown, breakup, dissection, resolution
Sample:Though it would be unrealistic to expect Barnard to have worked out all of the limitations of his experiment, he must be criticized for his neglect of quantitative analysis.
anarchist [5AnEkIst] n. 无政府主义者
one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power
anarchist:government=abolitionist:slavery
无政府主义者:政府=废奴主义者:奴隶制度 (人物及其反对目标)
anarchist:rebel=apologist:defend
无政府主义者:谋反=辩护者:辩护 （人物及其特征行为）
apologist:defend =anarchist:rebel
辩护者:辩护=无政府主义者:反叛 （人物及其特征行为）
anarchy<>order
无政府状态,混乱<>次序,规则
Synonyms: REBEL, anarch, insurgent, insurrectionist, malcontent, mutineer, revolter
Sample:Only the total overthrow of all governmental regulations would satisfy the
anarchist.
anathema [E5nAWEmE] n. 诅咒, 咒逐, [宗]革出教门, 被咒逐的人(物)
the denunciation of something as accursed
panegyric<>anathema
赞扬<>咒逐
anathema<>blessing
诅咒<>祝福
Synonyms: CURSE , commination, imprecation, malediction, malison
Sample:He heaped anathema upon his foe.
ancestor [5AnsEstE(r)] n. 祖先,祖宗
one from whom a person is descended and who is usually more remote in the line of descent than a grandparent
heirloom:ancestor=bequest:testator
传家宝:祖宗=遗产:立遗嘱之人 （人物及其遗留物）
scion<>ancestor
子孙<>祖宗
Synonyms: antecedent(s), ascendant, forebear, forefather, primogenitor, progenitor
Sample: He was proud of his genealogy and constantly referred to the achievements of his ancestors..
ancillary [An5silEri] adj.补助的, 副的
SUBORDINATE, SUBSIDIARY
ancillary<>paramount
辅助的，次要的<>最主要的
Synonyms： AUXILIARY, accessory, adjuvant, appurtenant, collateral, contributory, subservient, subsidiary
Sample: In an ancillary capacity Doctor Watson was helpful; however, Holmes could not trust the good doctor to solve a perplexing case on his own.
anecdote [5AnIkdEJt] n. 有趣的短故事，生平轶事
a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident
anecdote:amusement=lecture:instruction={caption:illustration}
有趣的小故事:娱乐=演讲:教导={说明,字幕:例证,插图 } ( 事物及其功用)
skit:play=anecdote:narrative
滑稽短剧:戏剧=小故事:记叙文 (名词短与正常)
Synonyms: narration, narrative, tale, yarn
Sample:The anecdote was in execrable taste and shocked the audience.
anemic [E5ni:mIk] adj.贫血的, 患贫血症的
lacking force, vitality, or spirit
anemic<>strong/hale
贫血的<>强壮的/健康的
Synonyms: PALE,
bloodless, pallid, waterish, watery
anesthetic [AnEs5WetIk] n. 麻醉剂,麻药
lacking awareness or sensitivity
analgesic:pain=anesthetic:sensation
止痛剂:疼痛=麻醉剂:感觉 （消除关系）
aseptic:disinfections=anesthetic:numbs
防腐剂:消毒=麻醉剂:麻木 （药品及其作用）
pain:analgesic=sensation:anesthetic
疼痛:止痛剂=感觉:麻醉剂 （消除关系）
sensation<>anesthesia
感觉<>麻痹
Synonyms: ANODYNE, analgesic, pain-killer
Sample:His monotonous voice acted like an anesthetic; his audience was soon asleep.
anhydrous [An5haIdrEs] adj. 无水的
free from water and especially water of crystallization
anhydrous<>wet
无水的<>潮湿的
animation [AnI5meIF(E)n] n. 活泼,生气,卡通制作
possessing or characterized by life:ALIVE
lassitude<>vim/animation
疲倦,疲乏<>精力/生气
stultify<>animate
使沉闷<>使活泼
Sample:Her animated expression indicated a keenness of intellect.
animus [5AnImEs] n.敌意, 意图
a usually prejudiced and often spiteful or malevolent ill will
animus<>friendly
敌意<>友好的 【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: ENMITY, animosity, antagonism, antipathy, hostility, rancor
Sample:The animus of the speaker became obvious to all when he began to indulge in sarcastic and insulting remarks.
annals [5An(E)lz] n. 纪年表,年鉴,年报
a record of events arranged in yearly sequence
dictionary:alphabetical=annals:chronological
字典:依字母顺序的=鉴:按年代顺序的 （事物及其编排方式）
Synonyms: chronicle
Sample:In the annals of this period, we find no mention of democratic movements.
annotate [5AnEuteit] v.注释, 评注
to make or furnish critical or
explanatory notes or comment
annotate:commentary=gloss:definition
注释:注释=作注释:解说 (动词与其名词的同义关系)
annotate:commentary=prowl:prey
注释:注释=四处觅食:捕食(动词与其名词的同义关系)
Synonyms: gloss
Sample: In the appendix to the novel, the critic sought to annotate many of the more esoteric references.
annoy [E5nCI] vt. 使苦恼,骚扰
to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts
testy:annoy=tractable:control
易怒的:骚扰=易于管教的:控制,管理 （人物个性及其特征行为（被动））
mawkish:sentimental=peeve:annoy
让人厌恶的:多愁善感=使怒:使苦恼 （褒贬程度类比）
hidebound:conservative=peeved:annoyed
死板的:保守的=气恼的:苦恼的 （褒贬程度类比）
maudlin:sentimental=peeved:annoyed
感情脆弱的:多愁善感的=气恼的:苦恼的 （褒贬程度类比）
patronizing:condescending=peeved:annoyed
资助的:使领情的=气恼的:恼怒的 （程度类比）
Synonyms: abrade, bother, chafe, exercise, fret, gall, irk, provoke, ruffle, vex
Sample:Although Tom was aware that it would be impolitic to display annoyance publicly at the sales conference, he could not hide his irritation with the client's unreasonable demands.
annul [E5nQl] v. 宣告无效，取消
to declare or make legally invalid or void
annul<>make legal
宣告无效<>使合法
annul<>reaffirm
宣告无效<>重新确认
Synonyms: ABOLISH, abate, abrogate, annihilate, invalidate, negate, nullify, quash, undo, vitiate
Sample:The parents of the eloped couple tried to annul the marriage.
anodyne [5AnEJdaIn] n. 止痛药
something that soothes, calms, or comforts
Synonyms: analgesic, anesthetic, pain-killer
Sample:His pain was so great that no anodyne could relieve it.
anomalous [E5nRmElEs] adj. 不规则的,反常的
inconsistent with or deviating from what is usual, normal, or expected:IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL
anomaly:paradigmatic=blemish:flawless
异常的人:模范的=缺点:无缺点的 （事物及其反面特征）
anomalous<>typical/conformity to norms
反常的<>典型的/符合规范的
anomalous<>normal
反常的<>正常的
Synonyms: ABNORMAL, aberrant, atypical, deviant, deviative, heteroclite, preternatural, unrepresentative, untypical
Sample:He was placed in the anomalous position of seeming to approve procedures that he despised.
anonymous [E5nRnImEs] adj.匿名的
not named or identified
anonymous:identify=nonchalant:excite
佚名的,无名的:识别=冷淡的:使兴奋 （人物个性及其反面特征行为）
Synonyms: innominate, nameless, undesignated, unnamed
Sample:The donor of the gift asked the college not to mention him by name; the dean
readily agreed to respect his anonymity.
antagonize [An5tA^EnaIz] vt. 使成敌人,敌对,反对
to incur or provoke the hostility of
cowardice:intimidate=choler:antagonize
懦弱:胁迫=愤怒:使敌对 （事物个性及其被动特征）
placate<>antagonize
抚慰<>引起反抗
synergic<>antagonistic
协作的,合作的<>敌对的
propitiate<>antagonize
安抚<>引起反抗
mollify<>antagonize/{ire}
平息,缓和<>引起反抗/{忿怒} 【词性不符】
Sample:Marshall's confrontational style could alienate almost anyone:he even antagonized a board of directors that included a number of his supporters and that had a reputation for not being easily provoked.
antediluvian [AntIdI5lu:vIEn] adj.(《圣经》中所说的)大洪水前的, 上古的,
古风的
made, evolved, or developed a long
time ago
antediluvian:age=colossal:size
古老的:年龄=巨大的:尺寸
（事物及其修饰）
Synonyms: ANCIENT, aged, age-old, antique, hoary, Noachian, old, timeworn, venerable
Sample: The antediluvian customs had apparently not changed for thousands of years.
anterior [5AntIErIE(r)] adj. 前面的,在前的
coming before in time or development
anterior<>ensuing
前面的<>后来的
Synonyms: PRECEDING, antecedent, foregoing, former, past, precedent, previous, prior
Sample:The head of an insect is located on the anterior part of its body.
anthology [An5WRlEdVI] n.诗集,文选
a collection of selected literary pieces or
passages or works of art or music
compendium:summary=anthology:collection
概略:概要=文选:文集 （ 同义关系）
Synonyms: album, ana, analects, florilegium, garland, miscellany, omnibus, posy
Sample:She received an anthology of the works of 20th century American poets as a gift for her birthday.
antic [5AntIk] adj 古怪的，笨拙的 ，奇特的, 滑稽可笑的
characterized by clownish extravagance or absurdity
facetious:speech=antic:behavior
爱开玩笑的:谈话=滑稽的:行为 (种属关系)
Synonyms: PRANK, caper, dido(es), frolic, lark, monkeyshine(s), shenanigan, shine(s), tomfoolery, trick
Sample:I can watch the Marx brothers' zany antics for hours.
anticipatory [An5tIsIpeItErI] adj.预想,预期的
to give advance thought, discussion, or treatment to
retrospective<>anticipatory
回顾的<>预期的
Synonyms: EXPECTANT, anticipant, anticipative, atiptoe, expecting
Sample:The skeleton of a primitive. bird that was recently discovered indicated that this ancient creature anticipated today’s birds in that, unlike earlier birds and unlike reptilian ancestors, it had not a tooth in its head.
antidote [5AntIdEJt] n. 解毒剂,解药
a remedy to counteract the effects of poison
antidote:poisoning=balm:irritation
解毒剂:中毒=药膏:刺激 (药物及其对应症)
remedy:disease=antidote:poisoning
治疗法:疾病=解毒剂:中毒 （事物及其作用对象）
Synonyms: REMEDY, corrective, counteractant, counteractive, counteragent, countermeasure, counterstep, cure
Sample:We must seek an antidote for whatever toxic substance he has eaten.
antipathy [An5tIpEWI] n. 憎恶,反感
settled aversion or dislike:DISTASTE
antipathy<>affection
反感<>爱
affinity<>antipathy
吸引力<>厌恶
proclivity<>antipathy
倾向<>反感
Synonyms: ENMITY, animosity, animus, antagonism, hostility, rancor
Sample:No one is neutral about Stephens; he inspires either uncritical adulation or profound antipathy in those who work for him.
antiquated [5AntIkweItId] adj.陈旧的, 旧式的,过时的
existing since or belonging to earlier times:ANCIENT
Synonyms: ANCIENT , aged, age-old, antediluvian, hoary, Noachian, old, timeworn, venerable
Sample:Contrary to the antiquated idea that the eighteenth century was a tranquil island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.
antiseptic [AntI5septIk]n. 杀菌剂,防腐剂
opposing sepsis, putrefaction, or decay;
oil:lubricate=antiseptic:disinfect
油:润滑=杀菌剂:消毒 （事物及其功用）
Sample:It is advisable to apply an antiseptic to any wound, no matter how slight or insignificant.
anvil [5AnvIl] n. 铁砧
a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shaped
hammer:anvil=pestle:mortar
锤:铁砧=杵:臼 （工具及其配合用具）
Sample:After heating the iron horseshoe in the forge, the blacksmith picked it up with his tongs and set it on the anvil.
apathy [5ApEWI] n. 漠然，冷淡
lack of feeling or emotion:IMPASSIVENESS
ennui:enthusiastic=fervor:apathetic
倦怠:热心的=热情:缺乏感情的 （人物个性及其反面特征）
vehement<>apathetic
激烈的<>缺乏感情的
Synonyms: impassivity, insensibility, phlegm, stoicism, stolidity, unresponsiveness
Sample:The senator’s remark that she is ambivalent about running for a second term is persuasive given the extremely apathetic fund-raising activities of her campaign committee.
apex [`eIpeks] n. 顶点，最高点
the highest or culminating point
apex<>nadir
最高点＜＞最低点
Synonyms: TOP, crest, crown, fastigium, peak, roof, summit, vertex
Sample:He was at the apex of his career.
aphorism [5AfErIz(E)m] n. 格言
a terse formulation of a truth or sentiment:ADAGE
brevity:aphorism=distortion:caricature
简短:格言=曲解:漫画 （事物及其正面特征）
euphemism:offensive=aphorism:diffusive
委婉的说法:令人不快的=格言:冗长的 （事物及其反面特征）
pithiness:aphorism=exaggeration:caricature
简洁:警语=夸张:漫画 (事物及其正面特征)
conciseness:aphorism=exaggeration:caricature
简明:格言=夸张:漫画（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: MAXIM, apothegm, axiom, brocard, dictum, gnome, moral, rule, truism
Sample:In response to the follies of today's commercial and political worlds, the author does not express inflamed indignation, but rather affects the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.
apiary [5epIErI] n.养蜂场, 蜂房
a place where bees are kept; especially :a collection of hives or colonies of bees kept for their honey
apiary:bee=cage:pet
蜂房:蜜蜂=笼子:宠物
Sample:Although he spent many hours daily in the apiary, he was very seldom stung by a bee.
aplomb [5AplC:N] n.沉着, 泰然, 垂直
Self-confident assurance; poise
trepidation<>aplomb
颤抖<>镇定
Synonyms： CONFIDENCE , assurance, self-assurance, self-assuredness, self-confidence, self-trust
Sample: Wellington's nonchalance and aplomb in the heat of battle always heartened
his followers.
apocalyptic [EpRkE5lIptIk] adj. 预示灾祸的，启示的
forecasting the ultimate destiny of the world:PROPHETIC
apocalyptic:prophetic=inconsequential:illogical
启示录的:预言的=不符合逻辑的:不符合逻辑的 （同义关系）
apocalyptic<>inconsequential
天启的<>不重要的
Synonyms: PROPHETIC, Delphian, fatidic, mantic, oracular, prophetical, sibylline, vatic, vaticinal
Sample:His apocalyptic remarks were dismissed by his audience as wild surmises.
apocrypha [E5pRkrIfE] n. 伪经，伪书,真实性(或权威性)可疑的著作
writings or statements of dubious authenticity
apocryphal:authentic=??
假冒的:可信的=?? （反义关系）
Sample:To impress his friends, Tom invented apocryphal tales of his adventures in the big city.
apologist [E5pRlEdVIst] n.辩护士(尤指卫护基督教教义的辩护者)
one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something
saboteur:disrupt=apologist:defend
从事破坏活动者:使分裂=辩护者:辩护 （人物及其特征行为）
apologist:defend=anarchist:rebel
辩护者:辩护=无政府主义者:反叛 （人物及其特征行为）
disciple:follow=apologist:defend
信徒:追随=辩护者:辩护 （人物及其特征行为）
heretic:unconformity=apologist:defend
异教徒:不顺从=辩护者:辩护 （人物及其正面特征）【注:词性不符】
patron: support=apologist: defend
赞助人:支援=辩护者:辩护 （人物及其特征动作）
apologist<>critic/detractor
辩护者<>批评家/诽谤者
Sample:The woman accepted his apology for spilling coffee on her dress.
apophasis [E`pCfEsIs] n. 『修』故抑其词,以求婉达,表面否认要说或正说的话
Allusion to something by denying that it will be
mentioned, as in I will not bring
up my opponent's questionable financial dealings
apophasis:claim=oxymoron:paradox
故抑其词,以求婉达:表述=矛盾修饰法:自相矛盾的话 （种属）
apophasis:claim={caprice:deliberate}
故抑其词,以求婉达:表述={善变:仔细考虑}
apoplectic [ApE5plektIk] adj.中风的，易怒的，狂怒的，大怒的
greatly agitated
apoplectic:angry=emaciated:thin
狂怒的:发怒=消瘦的:瘦 （程度类比）
apoplectic:calmness=callow:mature
狂怒的:平静的=幼稚:成熟 （反义关系）
apoplectic<>calm
易怒的<>冷静的
Sample:When he heard the bad news, he became apoplectic.
apostasy [E5pRstEsI] n. 背教,变节,脱党
renunciation of a religious faith
apostasy:faith=recantation:heresy
变节:忠实=改变(错误)论调:异端 (行为及其反面特征)
apostasy<>fidelity
变节<>忠诚
Synonyms: DEFECTION, desertion, falseness, recreancy, tergiversation
Sample:Because he switched from one party to another, his former friends shunned him as an apostate.
apostrophe [E5pRstrEfI] n书写中撇号（’）（表示省略或所有格）
a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures
apostrophes:word=ellipsis:sentence
表示省略的撇号:词=省略号:句子 (符号及其表示意义)
Sample:An apostrophe is used in contractions ("isn't," "doesn't") and in possessives ("that man's wife").
apothecary [E5pBWEkerI] n.<古><英方>药剂师,药商,药房
one who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes
apothecary:medicine=butcher:meat {librarian:book }
药剂师:药=屠夫:肉 { 图书管理员:书籍} （人物及其工作对象）【注:强调“制备与出售”】
Sample:In Holland, apothecaries still sell spices as well as ointments and pills.
appall [E5pC:l] vt. 使胆寒,使惊骇
to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay
astound:wonder=appall:horror
使……吃惊：奇迹=使……惊骇：恐怖 （事物及其正面特征）
appall<>embolden/nerve
使胆寒<>使大胆/鼓起勇气
encourage<>appall
激励<>使胆寒
Synonyms: DISMAY , consternate, daunt, horrify, shake
Sample:We were appalled by the horrifying conditions in the city's jails.
apparel [E5pAr(E)l] vt. 使穿衣,装饰
to put clothes on:DRESS
gaudy:apparel=grandiloquent:speak
俗丽的:装饰=浮夸的:说话 (行为及其特征化方式)
tonsorial:hair=sartorial:apparel
理发师的:头发=裁缝匠的:衣服 （职业及其加工对象）
Synonyms: CLOTHE, array, attire, clad, dress, enclothe, garb, garment, raiment
Sample:XYZ Company is a manufacturer of ladies' apparel.
appeal [E5pi:l] vi. 请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求
to make an earnest request
remonstrator:dissuade=applicant:appeal
提出异议的人:劝阻=申请者:诉请 （人物及其特征动作）
Synonyms: BEG, beseech, brace, crave, entreat, implore, importune, plead, pray, supplicate
Sample:This poetry is not provincial; it is more likely to appeal to an international audience than is poetry with strictly regional themes.
appealing [E5pi:lIN] adj. 引起兴趣的,动人的,恳求的
having appeal:PLEASING
noisome<>appealing
令人不快的<>引起兴趣的
Synonyms: ATTRACTIVE , alluring, attracting, bewitching, captivating, charming, enchanting, fascinating, seductive, siren
appease [E5pi:z] vt. 安抚,缓和,平息,满足
to bring to a state of peace or quiet:CALM
roil<>appease
使焦急<>安抚
vex<>pacify/appease/soothe
使烦恼<>使平静/安抚/安慰
appease<>rile
平息<>搅浑浊,惹怒
gall<>appease
使焦躁<>平息
Synonyms: PACIFY, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate, sweeten
Sample:We have discovered that, when we try to appease our enemies, we encourage them to make additional demands.
appellation [ApE5leIF(E)n] n.名称, 称呼，命名，命名的行为
A name, title, or designation.
foreword:introductory=appellation:designate
前言:介绍性的=命名:命名的 （行为及其正面特征）
Synonyms: NAME ,appellative, cognomen, compellation, denomination,
designation, nomen, style, title
Sample:He was amazed when the witches hailed him
with his correct appellation.
appetite [5ApItaIt] n. 食欲,欲望,爱好
an inherent craving
appetite:indulge=??
欲望:放纵=??
voracity<>lack of appetite
贪食<>没有食欲
Synonyms: DESIRE , appetition, craving, itch, lust, passion, urge
Sample:A lack of appetite may be indicative of a major mental or physical disorder.
applause [E5plC:z] n. 鼓掌,喝彩,赞许
approval publicly expressed
mirth:laughter=approval:applause
欢乐:笑=赞成:鼓掌 （行为及其所表达的含义）
salutation:welcome=approval:applause/applause:praise
招呼:欢迎=赞成:鼓掌 （行为及其所表达的含义）
approve:applause=?:?
赞成:鼓掌:?:? （行为及其所表达的含义）
Synonyms: acclaim, acclamation, plaudit(s)
Sample:The speaker was shocked at the lack of applause from the audience.
applicant [5AplIkEnt] n. 申请者,请求者
one who applies
remonstrator:dissuade=applicant:appeal
提出异议的人:劝阻=申请者:诉请 （人物及其特征动作）
Synonyms: CANDIDATE, aspirant, hopeful, seeker
Sample:We have 10 applicants for the position of secretary..
appoint [E5pCInt] vt. 任命,指定,命令
to name officially
appoint:official=cast:actor
任命:官员=分配戏剧角色:演员 （动宾关系）
Synonyms: DESIGNATE, finger, make, name, nominate, tap
Sample:After his appointment to this emiment position, he seldom had time for his former friends.
apposite [5ApEzIt] adj. 适当的，恰切的.
highly pertinent or appropriate:APT
apposite<>extraneous
合适的<>无关的
Synonyms: RELEVANT, ad rem, applicable, applicative, applicatory, apropos, germane, material, pertinent, pointful
Sample:He was always able to find the apposite phrase, the correct expression for every occasion.
appreciable [E5pri:FEb(E)l] adj. 可感知的,可评估的
capable of being perceived or measured
appreciable<>imperceptible
可感知的<>不能感知的
ponderable<>inappreciable
有价值的<>微不足道的
Synonyms: PERCEPTIBLE, detectable, discernible, observable, palpable, sensible, tangible
Sample:I can find no appreciable differences in the witnesses' descriptions of the accident; they seem the same.
apprehension [AprI5henF(E)n] n. 理解,忧惧,逮捕
suspicion or fear especially of future evil:FOREBODING
apprehension:terror=affection:adoration
忧惧:恐怖=爱:爱慕 （ 程度类比）
Synonyms: apprehensiveness, foreboding, misgiving, premonition, prenotion, presage, presentiment
Sample:The parents were filled with apprehension about letting their 19-year-old daughter drive across country alone.
apprentice [E5prentIs] n. 学徒,生手
an inexperienced person:NOVICE
Synonyms: NOVICE, beginner, colt, freshman, neophyte, newcomer, novitiate, rookie, tenderfoot, tyro
Sample:It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separation of secretarial work，previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thenceforth considered "women’s work."
approbation [7AprE5beiFEn] n. 认可,嘉许
COMMENDATION, PRAISE
praise:approbation=demur:objection
称赞:嘉许=提出异议:反对 （行为及其表示的含义）
censure:blameless=approbation:reprehensible
指责:无可责难的=嘉许:应该谴责的 （行为及其对象的反面特征）
endorse:approbation=??
确认:许可=??
execration<>approbation
咒骂<>嘉许
Synonyms: approval, benediction, blessing, favor, OK (or okay)
Sample:A number of writers who once greatly disparaged the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting approbation for their former criticism.
appropriate [E5prEJprIeIt] adj. 适当的
especially suitable or compatible:FITTING
meet<>inappropriate/unsuitable
合适的<>不适当的/不适合的
apt<>extremely inappropriate
恰当的<>非常的不适当
measured<>inappropriate
整齐的<>不适当的
opportune<>inappropriate
适宜的<>不适当的
Synonyms: FIT , applicable, apt, befitting, felicitous, fitting, just, meet, proper, suitable
Sample:The demise of the rigorous academic curriculum in high school resulted, in part, from the progressive rhetoric that sanctioned the study of subjects previously thought inappropriate as part of school learning.
appropriate [E5prEupriit] v. 盗用, 挪用，窃用为自己独自占有或使用，常未经许可:
to take or make use of without authority or right
lurk:wait=abscond:depart/{purloin:appropriate}
埋伏:等候=潜逃:离开/{盗取:盗用} (普通行为及其特征化方式（隐秘地）)
lurk:concealment=purloin:appropriation
潜伏:潜藏=偷窃:盗取 （种属）
Synonyms: STEAL , annex, filch, lift,
pilfer, pinch, purloin, snitch, swipe
Sample:The ranch owners appropriated
the lands that had originally been set aside for the Indians' use.
approve [E5pru:v] vt. 赞同,核准,证实
to have or express a favorable opinion of
mirth:laughter=approval:applause
欢乐:笑=赞成:鼓掌 （行为及其所表达的含义）
salutation:welcome=approval:applause/applause:praise
招呼:欢迎=赞成:鼓掌 （行为及其所表达的含义）
substantiate<>disapprove
证实<>证伪
Synonyms: accept, approbate, countenance, favor, go (for), hold (with)
Sample:The public approved the condign punishment for the crime.
approximate [E5prRksImeIt] adj. 大约的,近似的
nearly correct or exact
paraphrase:verbatim=approximate:precise
转释的:照字面的=近似:精确的 （ 行为及其反面特征）
stickler:approximation/imprecision=purist:adulteration
一丝不苟的人:近似/不精确=纯化论者:掺假的东西 (特征人物及其反对对象)
Sample:Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects；and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.
apropos [5AprEpEJ, AprE5pEJ] adj. 适当的,恰好的
being both relevant and opportune
apropos<>irrelevant { straight, uniform, symmetrical }
恰好的<>不切题的 {直的 , 统一的 , 对称的 }
Synonyms: RELEVANT, ad rem, applicable, applicative, applicatory, apposite, germane, material, pertinent, pointful
Sample:I find your remarks apropos of the present situation timely and pertinent.
apt [Apt] adj.易于...
unusually fitted or qualified:READY
apt<>extremely inappropriate
恰当的<>非常不适当的
apt<>unlikely
易于的<>不太可能的
aptness<>unsuitability
恰当的<>不适合的
Synonyms: given, inclined, liable, likely, prone
Synonyms: FIT , appropriate, befitting, felicitous, fitting, happy, just, meet, proper, suitable
Sample:Aptly enough, this work so imbued with the notion of changing times and styles has been constantly revised over the years, thereby reflecting its own mutability.
aquatic [E5kwAtIk] adj. 水生的,水中的,水上的
growing or living in or frequenting water
aerial:air=aquatic:water
生活在空气中的:空气=水生的:水 （名词及其形容词化）
Sample:We have been able to explore the terrestrial regions much more thoroughly than the aquatic or celestial regions.
aqueduct n. 高架渠，渡槽
a conduit for water
aqueduct:water=pipeline:gas=vessel:blood
水渠:水=导气管:气体=脉管:血 （ 物质及其传输方式）
Synonyms: CHANNEL , canal, conduit, course, duct, watercourse
Sample:Many aqueducts from ancient Roman times still stand today near the Mediterranean Sea.
aquifer [`AkwIfE(r)] n. 含水土层((含水量足以成为井水或泉水))
a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel
shale:lode=well:aquifer
页岩:矿脉=源泉:含水土层 (事物及其发源地)
arachnid [E5rAknId] n.属于蜘蛛类的节肢动物
any of a class
(Arachnida) of arthropods comprising chiefly terrestrial invertebrates,
including the spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks, and having a segmented body
divided into two regions of which the anterior bears four pairs of legs but no
antennae
spider:arachnid=orange:fruit
蜘蛛:节肢动物=橘子:水果 （种属）
arbor [5B:bE(r)] n.树阴处, (树枝等形成的)藤架, 凉亭, 【植】树, 乔木
a shelter of vines or branches or of latticework covered with climbing shrubs or vines
arbor:shelter=hedgerow:fence
树荫:掩蔽处=灌木篱墙:围墙 （种属关系）
Sample:The rose arbor was beautiful when the
roses were in bloom.
arboreal [B:5bC:rIEl] adj. 树木的
of, relating to, or resembling a tree
arboreal:trees=sidereal:stars
树的:树=星的:星星 （形容词及其名词）
finch:bird=arboretum:tree
雀类:鸟=植物园:树木 （个体与群体）【对应不工整】
Sample:Note how well the somewhat greenish coat of the sloth enables it to blend in with its arboreal surroundings.
archaic [B:5keIIk] adj.古老的
of, relating to, or characteristic of an earlier or more primitive time:ANTIQUATED
evanescent:permanence=archaic:currency
转瞬即逝的:永久:已废的:流通 （事物特性及其反面特征）
meteoric:constancy=archaic:currency
昙花一现的:恒久不变=古老的:流通 （形容词与名词的反面特征）
archaic<>current
古老的<>最近的
archaism<>modern diction {recent dictation}
古语<>新语
Synonyms: OLD-FASHIONED, antiquated, antique, bygone, dated, old, old-timey, outdated, out-of-date
Sample:"Methinks," "thee," and "thou" are archaic words that are no longer part of our normal vocabulary.
archetype [5B:kItaIp] n. 原型
the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies:PROTOTYPE; also :a perfect example
harbinger:presage=archetype:exemplify
预兆:预示=原型:例示 （事物及其功用）
Synonyms: MODEL , beau ideal, ensample, example, exemplar, ideal, mirror, paradigm, pattern, standard
Sample:The Brooklyn Bridge was the archetype of the many spans that now connect Manhattan with Long Island and New Jersey.
archipelago [9B:kI`pelE^EJ] n. 群岛,多岛海
an expanse of water with many scattered islands
range:mountain=chain:link{archipelago:island }
山脉:山=链:环 { 群岛:岛屿 } (单个事物及其链状排列)
glade:wood=oasis:desert{archipelago:ocean}
林间空地:树木=绿洲:沙漠{群岛:海洋}
grove:trees=archipelago:islands
小树林:树木=群岛:岛屿 （组成关系）
galaxy:stars=archipelago:islands
星系:恒星=群岛:岛屿 （组成关系）
Sample:When he looked at
the map and saw the archipelagoes in the South Seas, he longed to visit them.
architect [5B:kItekt] n.建筑师
a person who
designs buildings and advises in their construction
choreographer:movement=architect:building
{sculptor:statue}
舞蹈指导:舞蹈动作=建筑师:建筑 {雕塑家:雕像}（人物及其工作对象） 【注:强调设计、安排、指导 ，而不是建造】【choreographer:To plan out or oversee the movement, development, or details of; orchestrate】
wood:carpenter=blueprint:architect
木头:木匠=蓝图:建筑师 （人物及其工作对象）
Sample:Though one cannot say that Michelangelo was an impractical designer, he was, of all nonprofessional architects known, the most adventurous in that he was the least constrained by tradition or precedent. (9510)
archive [`B:kaIv] n. 档案文件，文件储存室
a place in which public records or historical documents are preserved
archive:manuscript=arsenal:weapon
文件储存室:手稿=军械库:兵器 （事物及其储存地）
archive:records=museum:artifacts
文件储存室:记录=博物馆:史前古器物
book:library=file:archive {performance:theatre}
书籍:图书馆=文件:档案馆 （ 事物及其储存地）
document:archives=art:museum
文件:档案馆＝艺术品:博物馆 （事物及其储存地）
Synonyms: LIBRARY, athenaeum
Sample:The National Archives contain information so seductive that researchers have been known never to publish because they cannot bear to bring their studies to an end.
arctic [5B:ktIk] adj. 北极的,极寒的
bitter cold:FRIGID
torrid<>arctic
酷热的<>极寒的
Synonyms: COLD , chill, chilly, cool, freezing, frosty, gelid, glacial, icy, nippy
Sample:In part of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so imperceptibly that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.
ardor [5B:dEr(r)] n. 热心,热情
extreme vigor or energy:INTENSITY
assuage:sorrow=dampen:ardor
减轻:悲伤=使丧气:热情 （行为及其消除对象）
alleviate:strength=dampen:ardor
减轻:强度=使沮丧:热情 （行为及其消除对象）
torpor<>ardor
不活泼<>热情
Synonyms: PASSION , calenture, enthusiasm, fervor, fire, hurrah, zeal
Sample:He is full of ardor for her.
arduous [5BrdVJEs] adj.费劲的, 辛勤的, 险峻的
hard to accomplish or
achieve:DIFFICULT
arduous<>facile
费劲的<>易做到的
Synonyms:
HARD, difficult, effortful,
labored, laborious, operose, rough, strenuous, toilsome, uphill
Sample:There is something incongruous about the way the building of monasteries proliferated in eighteenth-century Bavaria, while in the rest of the Western world religious ardor was diminishing and church building was consequently declining.
argot [5B:^EJ] n. 隐语,暗语,暗号
an often more or less secret vocabulary and idiom peculiar to a particular group
argot<>standard language/common verbalism
隐语,暗语<>规则地语言/普通地言语
Synonyms: DIALECT , cant, jargon, lingo, patois, patter, slang, vernacular
Sample:In the argot of the underworld, she "was taken for a ride."
arid [5ArId] adj. 干燥的,不毛的, 无趣的, 沉闷的
excessively dry
marsh:sodden=desert:arid
沼泽,湿地:湿透的=沙漠:干燥的 (事物及其正面特征)
arid<>damp
干燥的<>潮湿的
Synonyms: DRY , bone-dry, droughty, moistureless, sere, thirsty, unwatered, waterless
Sample:The cactus had adapted to survive in an arid environment.
armory [5B:mErI] n. 纹章,纹章学,军械库,兵工厂
a place where arms and military equipment are stored
pantry:food=armory:weapons
食品储存室:食物=军械库:武器 （事物及其储存地）
Synonyms: arsenal, depot, dump, magazine
Sample:An armory often serves as a military headquarters.
arrest [E5rest] vt. 拘捕,妨碍,吸引,阻止，使懒惰
to make inactive
arrest<>vitalize
使懒惰<>使有生气
Synonyms: check, halt, interrupt, stall, stay
Sample:medicine brought an arrest to the spread of his cancer.
arresting [E`restIN] adj. 引人注意的; 醒目的; 有趣的
catching the attention:STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE
blatant:arresting=odious:disgusting
炫耀的:引人注意的=可厌的:令人厌恶的 （事物特征及其对人的影响）
arresting<>banal
有趣的<>陈腐的
Synonyms: NOTICEABLE, arrestive, conspicuous, marked, outstanding, pointed, prominent, remarkable, salient, signal
Sample:It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativity that these Chicano writers，whose English language works are sometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language that characterized their Spanish-language works.