list 19 nefarious
--- palatable
nefarious [nI5feErIEs] adj．违法的，邪恶的
flagrantly wicked or impious:EVIL
nefarious:wickedness=generous:liberality
凶恶的；不法的:坏的；令人厌恶的=慷慨的；宽厚的:心胸开阔 （同义关系）
nefarious<>above reproach/virtuous
凶恶的<>无可指责的／品德高尚的，公正的
nefarious<>exemplary
邪恶的<>模范的
nefarious<>beneficial
邪恶的<>仁慈的
Synonyms: VICIOUS, corrupt, degenerate, flagitious, infamous, miscreant, perverse, putrid, rotten, villainous
Sample:Uriah Heep disguised his nefarious actions by unctuous protestations of his "umility".
negotiate [nI5^EJFIeIt] vi. 商议,谈判,交涉
to confer with another so as to arrive at the settlement of some matter
clog:drainage=stalemate:negotiations
堵塞:下水道=胶着状态:谈判，协商 (事物及其特殊状态)
negotiator:aggreement=??
谈判者:协议=??
tenacious<>negotiable
固执的<>可商量的
Sample:Despite an agreement between labor and management to keep the print and electronic media apprised of developments, the details of the negotiations were withheld from all but a few journalists from the major metropolitan newspapers.
neophyte [5ni:EJfaIt] n．初学者，新信徒
a new convert:PROSELYTE
inexperience:neophyte=irresponsibility:wastrel
无经验:新信徒；开始者 =不承担责任的人:浪费者；浪子 (人物及其正面特征)
inexperience:neophyte=ludicrous:buffoon
缺乏经验:新手=可笑的:扮演丑角的人 (人物及其正面特征)
Synonyms: NOVICE, apprentice, beginner, colt, freshman, newcomer, novitiate, rookie, tenderfoot, tyro
Sample:This monuntain slope contains slides that will challenge esperts as well as neophytes.
nepotism [5nepEtIz(E)m] n．裙带关系，偏袒亲属
favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on kinship
nepotism:relative=cronyism:friend
裙带关系:亲戚=任人唯亲:朋友 （动宾关系）
neptism:relative=cronyism:intimate
裙带关系:亲戚=任人唯亲:熟识的朋友 （动宾关系）
nepotism:kinship=jingoist:nationality
偏袒亲戚:亲戚=沙文主义:国家 （动宾关系）
Sample:John left his position with the company because he felt that advancement was based on nepotism rather than ability.
nerve [n\:v] vt. 鼓起勇气 n. 神经，胆量
to give strength or courage to:supply with physical or moral force
appall<>embolden/nerve
使丧胆<>使大胆，使有胆量／神经；勇敢
nervy/nerved<>diffident
勇敢的<>缺乏自信的
Sample:He was aghast at the nerve of the speaker who had insulted his host.
nettle [5net(E)l] n. 荨麻，v. 烦忧，激恼
to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger
imputable:nettle=？？
可归罪的，使负责的，可嫁祸的:激怒=？？
conciliate<>nettle
安抚<>激怒
mollify<>nettle
缓和<> 激怒
Synonyms: IRRITATE, exasperate, get, huff, peeve, pique, provoke, put out, rile, roil
Sample:Do not let him nettle you with his sarcastic remarks.
neutralize [5nju:trElaIz] v.使无效平衡或消除…作用；致使无效
to counteract the activity or effect of:make ineffective
neutralize:effectiveness=??
使无效:效力=?? (行为及其消除对象)
Synonyms: annul, cancel (out), counteract, countercheck, frustrate, negate, negative, redress
Sample:Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world devoid of neutrality.
nibble [5nIb(E)l] v. 一点点地咬，小心谨慎的对待，吹毛求疵
to eat or chew in small bits
quaff:sip=gobble:nibble
痛饮:呷=贪婪地吃:一点点地咬，慢慢啃 (程度类比)
swill:sip=gobble:nibble
大口喝:呷=贪婪地吃:一点点地咬，慢慢啃 (程度类比)
nip [nIp] v. 夹，咬 n. 严寒 ，一小口（酒）
to take liquor in nips:TIPPLE
nip:eat=jot:write
夹，咬:吃=草草的记下:写(程度类比)
Sample:When the plant begins to ramify, it is advisable to nip off most of the new branches.
nitpicking [ 5nitpikIN ]adj. 挑剔的,吹毛求疵的
minute and usually unjustified criticism
fluent:glib=meticulous:nitpick/finicky
流利的:口齿伶俐的=很仔细的:吹毛求疵／苛求的(褒贬程度类比)
nitpick:criticize=cavil:object
吹毛求疵:批评；责备=苛责:反对 (过分的后者导致前者)
nitpicker:criticize=preacher:sermon=quibbler:cavil
吹毛求疵者:责备 =传教士:布道=吹毛求疵的人:吹毛求疵 （人及其正面特征）
Sample:Instead of helping us write the report, he
just kept nitpicking.
nocturnal [nRk5t\:n(E)l] adj. 夜间发生的,夜曲的
of, relating to, or occurring in the night
diurnal<>nocturnal
每日的；昼间的<>夜间的
nocturnal<>happen during daytime
夜间发生的<>白天发生的
Sample:Mr. Jones obtained a watchdog to prevent the nocturnal raids on his chicken coops.
noisome [5nCIsEm] adj. 恶臭的，令人不快的
offensive to the senses and especially to the sense of smell
noisome<>appealing
有恶臭的<>有吸引力的
noisome<>beneficial/pleasant/healthy
令人不快的<>有益的／令人愉快的／健康的；健壮的
Synonyms: UNWHOLESOME, insalubrious, insalutary, noxious, sickly, unhealthful, unhealthy, unsalutary
Sample:I never could stand the noisome atmosphere surrounding the slaughter houses.
nomad [5nEJmAd] n.游牧部落的人, 流浪者, 游牧民
a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory
nomad:domicile=freelancer:employer
游牧民:住所=自由作家:老板 （缺乏关系）
Sample:Several nomadic tribes of Indians would hunt in this area each year.
nominal [5nRmIn(E)l] adj. 名义上的，(指金额)极小的
TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT
nominal:significance=disjunctive:unity
有名无实的:重要性 =分离的:统一 （反义关系词关系）
Sample:He offered to drive her to the airport for only a nominal fee.
nonchalant [5nRnFElEnt] adj. 冷漠的，满不在乎的，无动于衷的
having an air of easy unconcern or indifference
anonymous:identify=nonchalant:excite
匿名的:识别，鉴定=冷漠的:使激动 （事物特征及其反面被动行为）
Sample:Few people could understand how he could listen to the news of the tragedy with such nonchalance; the mahority regarded him as callous and unsympathetic.
nondescript [5nRndIskrIpt] adj. 没有特征的，平凡的，莫可名状的
lacking distinctive or interesting qualities:DULL, DRAB
nondescript<>conspicuous
平凡的<>引人注目的
nondescript<>remarkable/striking
平凡的<>非凡的/惊人的
Sample:The private detective was a short, nondescript fellow with no outstanding features, the sort of person one would never notice in a crowd.
nonentity [nR5nentItI] n. 不存在,非实在,虚无
a person of little consequence or significance
dilettante:commitment=nonentity:consequence
业余的艺术爱好者:承担义务=不存在之物:结果，后果 （事物及其反面特征）
ascendant<>nonentity
优势<>无足轻重
Sample:Don't dismiss John as a nonentity; in his quiet way, he's very important to the firm.
nonflammable [5nCn5flAmEbl] adj. 不燃烧的
not flammable; specifically :not easily ignited and not burning rapidly if ignited
impervious:friable=nonflammable:combustible
不受影响的:易受影响的=不易燃的:易燃的 (反面特征)
Sample:he furniture is covered with nonflammable
material.
nonplus [nRn5plQs] n.迷惑, 困惑, 为难
a state of
bafflement or perplexity:QUANDARY
infuriate:rage=nonplus:perplexity
狂怒:大怒=迷惑:困惑 （同义关系）
Synonyms: beat, buffalo, get, stick, stump
Sample:Jack's uncharacteristic rudeness nonplussed Jill, leaving her uncertain how to react.
nonsense [5nRnsEns] n. 无意义的事,荒谬的言行,荒唐
words or language having no meaning or conveying no intelligible ideas
nonsensical:drivel=pompous:bombast
愚蠢的:胡言乱语=虚夸的:夸大的言词 (事物及其正面特征)
exaggerated:hyperbole=nonsensical:drivel
夸大的:夸张法=无意义的:胡说（事物及其表达的含义）
Sample:That company demands that we pay a bill
that we've already paid. Why do we have to put up with that nonsense?
notch [nRtF] vt. 在......上刻V型痕,用刻痕计算,得分
to cut or make a notch in
serrated<>without notches/smooth
齿状的<>没有刻痕/光滑的
Sample:He cut a notch on the pole to tie a rope
around it.
novelty [5nRvEltI] n. 新奇,新鲜,新奇的事物
something new or unusual
threadbare/timeworn:novelty=labyrinthine:directness
陈腐的/陈旧的:新奇的事物=曲折的:笔直，率直 (事物及其反面特征)
ballad:stanza=novel:chapter
民歌:节，段 =小说:章；回 (组成关系)
banal<>novel
陈腐的<>新颖的
timeworn<>novel
陈旧有，老朽的<>新颖的
Synonyms: CHANGE, innovation, mutation, permutation, sport, vicissitude
Sample:One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomes of
plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural
constitution:specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the
genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants to
be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence，the intensified research on
legumes.
noxious [5nRkFEs] adj.有害的,有毒的;使道德败坏的,讨厌的
physically harmful or destructive to living beings
noxious<>beneficial
有害的；有毒的<>有利的有益的
noxious<>salubrious
有毒的<>有益健康的
noxious<>harmless
有害的<>无害的
Sample:We must trace the source of these noxious gases before they asphyxiate us.
nuance [nju:5B:ns] n.细微的差异
a subtle distinction or variation
nuance:distinction=hint:suggestion
细微差异:差别=暗示:建议 (程度类比)
nuance<>patent difference
细微的差异<>明显的差别
nuance<>lack
of subtlety
细微的差异<>缺乏精妙
nuance<>sharp distinction
细微的差异<>明显的差别
nuanced<>patent
细微差别<>明显的
Sample:The unskilled eye of the layperson has difficulty in dicerning the nuances of color in the paintings.
nucleate [5nju:klIet] v. 使…成核使…集结成核
to form into a nucleus:CLUSTER
nucleate<>disseminate
聚集<>散布
nudge [nQdV] n.v. 用肘轻推,悄悄推,引起注意
to touch or push gently; especially :to seek the attention of by a push of the elbow
doze:sleep=nudge:prod
瞌睡:睡觉=轻推:推动 （程度类比）
nudge:push=??
轻推:推=? ?(轻和正常)
butt:head=nudge:elbow
以头抵撞:头=用肘轻推:肘 （动作及其身体部位）
nurture [5n\:tFE(r)] vt. 抚育,给......营养物,教养 n.营养物，养育，（总称）环境因素
to supply with nourishment EDUCATE
nurture<>withhold sustenance from
给......营养物<>没有营养
nurture<>impede
抚育<>阻止
nurture<>stunt
抚育<>阻碍生长
disregard<>nurture
忽略,漠视<>培育,教育
nurture<>fail to support
给…营养物<>失败的供给
Sample:While nurturing parents can compensate for adversity, cold or inconsistent parents may exacerbate it.
oafish [`EJfIF] adj. 痴呆的，畸形的
a stupid person:BOOB
urbanity<>oafishness
有礼貌<>痴呆的，畸形的
Sample:He called the unfortunate waiter a clumsy oaf.
oasis [EJ5eIsIs] n.(沙漠中)绿洲, (不毛之地中的)沃洲,
舒适的地方
a fertile or
green area in an arid region (as a desert)
glade:wood=oasis:desert{archipelago:ocean}
林间空地:树木=绿洲:沙漠{群岛:海洋}
Sample:When we reached the
oasis, we were able to slake our thirst.
obdurate [5BbdErIt] adj. 固执的，执拗的，冷酷的
resistant to persuasion or softening influences
firmness:obdurate=carefulness:meticulous
坚固，坚定:执迷不悟的 =仔细的:很仔细的，一丝不苟的 (褒贬程度类比)
energetic:frenetic=firm:obdurate
精力旺盛的:狂乱的=牢固的:执迷不悟的 (褒贬程度类比)
penitent:obdurate=skeptic:credulous
悔过者:顽固的=怀疑者:轻信的 (人物及其反面特征)
frugal:penurious=firm:obdurate
节俭的:吝啬的=坚定的:顽固的 （褒贬程度类比）
obdurate:move=irrepressible:quell
冷酷无情的:打动=镇压不住的:镇压（人物特征及其反面被动行为）
toward<>obdurate
幸运得<>冷酷的
obdurate<>pliable
冷酷的<>温顺的
pliant<>obdurate
易受影响的<>倔强的
Synonyms: UNFEELING, callous, coldhearted, hard-boiled, hardhearted, heartless, stonyhearted, uncompassionate, unemotional, unsympathetic
Sample:He was obdurate in his refusal to listen to our complaints.
obeisance [EJ5beIsEns] n. 鞠躬，敬礼，敬意
a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission:BOW
obeisant:esteem=embrace:affection
鞠躬:尊敬=拥抱:爱 （行为及其表达内容）
rebellion:antiestablishment=obeisance:respectful
谋反, 叛乱:反对正流派的=敬礼, 鞠躬:恭敬的（行为及其表达的含义）【注：词性不符】
imperious<>servile/obeisant
专横的<>顺从的
impudent<>obeisant
放肆无礼的<>恭敬的
Synonyms: HONOR, deference, homage, reverence
Sample:She made an obeisance as the king and queen entered the room.
obfuscate [5RbfQskeIt] v. 使困惑，使迷惑
to make obscure
equivocation:truth=euphemism:offense=obfuscation:clarity { metaphor:description }
说模棱两可的话:真理=委婉的说法:攻击，伤感情=使困惑，使模糊:清楚（反面特征）{ 暗喻:描述 } 【注:metaphor:description 争议较大】
headstrong:willfulness=obfuscate:confusing
顽固:任性=使困惑:胡涂的 （同义关系） 【注:词性不符】
rationalization:plausible=obfuscation:indiscernible {equivocation:definite}
推论:似是而非的=困惑:难以识别的 （行为及其特征）
cowardice:intimidate=perplexed:obfuscate
懦弱:胁迫=困惑的:使模糊 （事物个性及其被动特征）【注:词性不符】
obfuscate<>elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly
使迷惑<>阐明；说明／照明，照亮／解释，说明 清楚的
obfuscate<>clarify
使迷惑<>澄清，阐明
obfuscate<>lucid
使迷惑<>清晰的 【注:词性不符】
demystify<>obfuscate
使不神秘<>使模糊
Synonyms: OBSCURE, adumbrate, becloud, befog, darken, dim, gloom, murk, overcast, shadow
Sample:Do not obfuscate the issues by dragging in irrelevant arguments.
obedient [EJ5bi:dIEnt] adj. 服从的,顺从的,孝顺的
submissive to the restraint or command of authority:willing to obey
contumacious<>obedient
不听命令的<>服从的，顺从的
imperial<>obedient
最高权力的<>服从的
Sample:Good children are obedient to their
parents.
obeisance [EJ5beIsEns] n. 敬礼,鞠躬,顿首
a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission:BOW
obeisant<>impertinent
敬意的，尊敬的<>不礼貌的，不客气的
imperious<>servile/obeisant
专横的<>卑曲的/服从的
Synonyms: HONOR, deference, homage, reverence
Sample:She made an obeisance as the king and queen entered the room.
obituary [E5bItFJerI] n.讣告
a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical account
roster:staff=obituary:death
花名册:职员=讣告:死亡 （事物及其记录内容）
Sample:I first learned of her death when I read the obituary in the newspaper.
obligatory [E5blI^EtErI] adj. 强制性的，义务的
binding in law or conscience
elected:obliged=??
选举出的:强迫；迫使=? ? （反义关系）
discretionary<>obligatory
自由选择<>强制性的
selective/elective<>obligatory
有选择力，选择性的/随意选择的<>强制性的
Sample:Today water is more ubiquitous in landscape architecture than ever before, because technological advances have made it easy, in some instances even obligatory to install water features in public places.
oblige [E5blaIdV] vt. 强制,施恩惠于,束缚,使感激
to do a favor for
discommode<>oblige
使为难<>施恩惠
Synonyms: accommodate, convenience, favor
Sample:Having no sense of moral obligation,
Shipler was as little subject to the reproaches of conscience after he acted as
he was motivated by its prompting before he acted.
obliging [E5blaIdVIN] adj. 亲切的,体贴的,殷勤的,有礼貌的
willing to do favors:ACCOMMODATING
visionary:idealistic=officious:obliging
幻想的:唯心主义者的，理想主义者的=好管闲事的:恳切的，热心助人的 （褒贬程度类比）
Synonyms: AMIABLE 1, complaisant, easy, good-humored, good-natured, good-tempered, lenient, mild
Sample:The debonair youth was liked by all who met him, because of his cheerful and obliging manner.
oblique [E5bli:k] adj. 斜的,倾斜的,无诚意的,不坦率的，【数】非直角的，非垂直的，斜面
not straightforward:INDIRECT; also :OBSCURE
oblique<>direct
倾斜的<>笔直的
Synonyms: INCLINED, inclining, leaning, pitched, pitching, sloped, sloping, tilted, tilting, tipped
Sample:I can defend myself against direct accusations; innuendos and oblique attacks on my character are what trouble me.
obliterate [E5blItEreIt] v. 涂掉，擦掉，使被忘却
to remove from existence:destroy utterly all trace, indication, or significance of
inspire:infuse=obliterate:remove
鼓舞:鼓舞:删除:除去 （同义关系）
inter:burial=obliterate:remova=accomodate:supply=convey:condudct
埋葬:埋藏=使消失:除去=供给食宿:提供=运输:传导 （同义关系）
obliterate:remove=saturated:wet
删除:除去=湿透的:湿 （同义关系）
ineffable:description=irradicable:obliterate
不能说的:描述=不能根除的:删除（事物特征及其反面被动行为）
inexpurgate<>obliterate
无法除去<>除去
Synonyms: ERASE, black (out), blot out, cancel, delete, efface, expunge, wipe (out), x (out)
Sample:The tidal wave obliterated several island villages.
oblivious [E5blIvIEs] adj. 易忘的,遗忘的,忘却的,健忘的
lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention
erudite:fathom=oblivious:neglect
博学的:钻研=不注意的:忽略 （ 人物个性及其特征行为）
forget:oblivion=forgo:disuse
忘记:遗忘=放弃:废弃（动词及其名词的同义关系）
oblivious:attentive=??
不在意的:注意的=??
cognizant<>oblivious
认识，认知<>遗忘的
oblivious<>vigilant
不在意的<>警戒,警惕的
oblivious<>mindful
不在意的<>留意的
vigilant<>oblivious
机警的<>不在意的
oblivious<>cognizant
遗忘的 <>认知的
Synonyms: IGNORANT, incognizant, inconversant, unacquainted, unaware, unfamiliar, uninformed, uninstructed, unknowing, unwitting
Sample:In spite of lackluster reviews in the press, the production of her play was rescued from almost certain oblivion by enthusiastic audiences whose acumen was greater than that of the critics.
obloquy [5RblEkwI] n.诽谤诋毁的语言；诽谤
Abusively
detractive language or utterance; calumny
adulation<>obloquy
奉承<>漫骂
Synonyms:
ABUSE, billingsgate, contumely,
invective, scurrility, vituperation
Sample:I resent the obloquy that you are casting upon my reputation.
obscure [Eb5skjJE] adj.暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的 v. 使阴暗,隐藏,使含糊
not clearly seen or easily distinguished:FAINT
comprehend:obscure=??
理解:模糊=??
celebrity<>obscurity
名人，知名人士<>默默无闻
explicit<>obscure
明晰的<>阴暗的;蒙昧的
legendary<>obscure
有名的,传说中的<>无名的
certitude<>obscurity
确实<>含糊
obscure<>elucidate
使含糊<>阐明
Synonyms: ambiguous, amphibological, double-edged, double-faced, dusky, equivocal, murky, nubilous, opaque, sibylline, tenebrous, uncertain, unclear, unexplicit, unintelligible, vague
Sample:In the British theater young people under thirty-five have not had much trouble getting recognition onstage, but offstage-in the ranks of playwrights, directors, designers, administrators -- they have mostly been relegated to relative obscurity.
obsequious [Eb5si:kwIEs] adj. 谄媚的,奉承的,顺从的
marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
condescending:patronize=obsequious:fawn
故意屈尊的:保护，惠顾=顺从的:巴结 （动作体现情感）
libertine:dissolute=sycophant:obsequious =narcissist:self absorbed
淫荡者:放荡的=马屁精:顺从的 =自我陶醉者:自我 吸引（人及其正面特征）
obsequious:fawn=compliant:yield
顺从的:巴结 =依从的，顺从的:屈服的 （褒贬程度类比）
obsequious:servile=belligerent:assertive
谄媚的:卑曲的=好战的:过分自信的 (同义关系) 【注:此题对应不公整】
maudlin:sentimental=obsequious:deferential
感情脆弱的:多愁善感的=谄媚的:尊敬的（褒贬程度类比）
sycophantic:obsequious=rebellious:insurgent
阿谀的:奉承的=反叛的:起义的 （同义关系）
obsequious:attentiveness=parsimonious:frugality
献媚的:关心的=吝啬:节俭 （褒贬程度类比）
supercilious<>obsequious
傲慢的<>顺从的
imperious<>obsequious
专横的<>献媚的
Sample:Helen valued people who behaved as if they respected themselves; nothing irritated her more than an excessively obsequious waiter or a fawning salesclerk.
observatory [Eb5zervEtC:rI] n. 天文台,气象台,了望台
a building or place given over to or equipped for observation of natural phenomena (as in astronomy);
conservatory:music=seminary:theology=observatory:astronomy
音乐学院:音乐=神学院:神学 =天文台:天文学 （研究地点和研究对象）
Sample:The observatory is located on a mountain
top.
obsess [Eb5ses] vt.迷住;使困窘,使烦扰
to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of
agonized:distress=obsessed:concern
使受苦:苦恼，不幸=使困扰，迷住的:影响，关心 (动作及其结果)
firm:intransigent=concerned:obsessed
坚定的:不妥协的=担心的，关切的=关心，挂念 (程度类比 )
obsessed:attracted=rash:adventurous
着迷:吸引=轻率的:喜欢冒险的 (褒贬程度类比)
obsessed:attracted=intimate:close
着迷:吸引=亲密:紧密 (程度类比)
Sample:Because the painter Albert Pinkham Ryder was obsessed with his quest for perfection, he was rarely satisfied with a painting, creating endless variations of a scene on one canvas, one on top of another.
obsolete [5RbsEli:t] adj. 荒废的，成废物的；陈旧的
of a kind or style no
longer current
Synonyms: dead, disused, extinct, outmoded, outworn, superseded
Sample:Doors
were closing on our past, and soon the values we had lived by would become so
obsolete that we would seem to people of the new age as quaint as travelers
from an ancient land.
obstacle [5RbstEk(E)l] n. 障碍
something that impedes
progress or achievement
blandishment:cajole=obstacle:impede
诱骗:哄骗=障碍:阻碍 （动词与名词的同义关系）
Synonyms: bar, Chinese wall, crimp, hamper,
hurdle, impediment, mountain, obstruction, rub, snag, stumbling block, traverse
Sample:The sea
was not an obstacle to the diffusion of the windmill; on the contrary, while
the concept of the new invention passed quickly from seaport to seaport, it
made little headway inland.
obstinate
[5RbstInEt] adj．固执的；倔强的
adj. perversely adhering to an
opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
obstinate:preserve=tactless/insensitive:offend
固执的:坚持=无礼的:冒犯 （人的特点与其正面行为）
unflappable:upset=obstinate:persuade
镇定的:慌乱=倔强的:说服 （人的特点与其反面被动行为）
firmness:obstinacy=supple:spineless/thin:emaciated
坚定:顽固=柔软:没有勇气=瘦:瘦弱的 (程度类比)【注:词性不符】
firm:obstinate=energic:frenetic
坚定的:顽固的=精力充沛的:狂热的（程度类比）
Synonyms: bullheaded, closed-minded, deaf, hardheaded,
headstrong, incompliant, intractable, intransigent, muleheaded, muley, mulish,
pertinacious, perverse, pervicacious, pigheaded, refractory, self-willed,
stiff, stiff-necked, stubborn, tough, unpliable, unpliant, unyielding, willful,
wrongheaded
Sample:We
tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but he was obstinate and refused to
change.
obstreperous [Eb5strepErEs] adj．吵闹的；难管束的
marked by unruly or aggressive
noisiness:CLAMOROUS
resolute:dissuade=obstreperous:control
坚决的:劝阻=任性的:控制（人物特征及其反面被动行为）
Synonyms: VOCIFEROUS, blatant, boisterous, clamorous,
loudmouthed, multivocal, openmouthed, strident, vociferant
Sample:The
crowd became obstreperous and shouted their disapproval of the proposals made
by the speaker.
obstruct [Eb5strQkt] v. 阻塞，截断
to hinder from passage,
action, or operation
obstruct<>facilitate
阻碍<>促进
occluded<>unobstructed
闭塞的<>开放的
obstructed<>unocclude
阻塞的<>开放的
abet<>obstruct
教唆<>阻止
Synonyms: HINDER, bar, block, brake, dam,
impede, overslaugh
Sample:One
political party obstructed the passage of laws proposed by another.
obtuse [Eb5tu:s] adj. 愚笨的；不锐利的
lacking sharpness or quickness
of sensibility or intellect
restive:calmness=keen:obtuse
失控:镇静=敏锐:迟钝 （反义关系类比）
parsimonious:liberal=obtuse:keen
吝啬的:慷慨的=钝的:锋利的（反义关系）
impertinent:propriety=keen :obtuseness
鲁莽的:适当=敏锐的:迟钝 （形容词与名词的反义关系）
obtuse<>insightful
愚笨的<>有深刻见解的
acumen<>obtuse
敏锐的<>愚笨的
Synonyms: DULL, blunt
Sample:Because
he was so obtuse, he could not follow the teacher's reasoning and asked foolish
questions.
obviate [5RbvIeIt] vt. 除去，排除，避免，预防
to anticipate and prevent (as a
situation) or make unnecessary (as an action)
emulate:exemplary=obviate:unnecessary
效仿:可效仿的=避免:不必要的 （动作与其对象特征）
obviate:unnecessary=reduce:smaller
除去:多余的:缩小:更小 （行为及其结果）
Synonyms: PREVENT, avert, deter, forestall, forfend, preclude, rule
out, stave off, ward
Sample:One
virus strain that may help gene therapists cure genetic brain diseases can
enter the peripheral nervous system and travel to the brain, obviating the need
to inject the therapeutic virus directly into the brain.
occlude [E5klu:d] vt. 阻塞，关闭
to close up or block
off:OBSTRUCT
occluded<>unobstructed
闭塞的<>不闭塞的
obstructed<>unocclude
阻碍的<>不阻塞的
Synonyms: FILL, block, choke, clog, close, congest, obstruct,
plug, stop, stopper
Sample:A blood
clot occluded an artery to the heart.
occult [C`kQlt,] adj. 神秘的，不可思议的，超自然的
not easily apprehended
or understood:ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS
occult<>bare/patent/readily
fathomable
神秘的<>赤裸的/明显的/可想见的
occult<>manifest
神秘的<>明白的
Synonyms: RECONDITE, abstruse, acroamatic, deep, esoteric, heavy,
hermetic, orphic, profound, secret
Sample:The
occult rites of the organization were revealed only to members.
occurrence [E`kQrEns] n. 发生,事件,发现
something
that occurs
prodigy:person=miracle:occurrence
非凡的人:人=奇迹:事件 （种属关系）
Synonyms: circumstance, episode, event, go, happening, incident,
occasion, thing
Sample:The
occurrence of crime in this city is on the rise.
ode [EJd] n. 颂诗,赋
a lyric poem usually marked by
exaltation of feeling and style, varying length of line, and complexity of
stanza forms
chord:tone=ode:poem
和音:音调=颂诗:诗 （种属关系）
ode:poetry=spoof:parody
颂诗:诗=轻浮地讽刺模仿品:模仿滑稽作品 （种属关系）【注:spoof:A gentle satirical imitation; a light parody.】
Sample:Many
countries have odes that praise the bravery of their heroes of long ago.
odious [5EJdIEs]
adj. 可憎的，讨厌的
exciting or deserving
hatred or repugnance
blatant:arresting=odious:disgusting
俗丽的:引人注意的=可憎的:令人讨厌的
（形容词的程度类比）
odious:disgust=menacing:fear
讨厌的:令人厌恶=威吓的:害怕 （形容词与动词同义关系）
odious:repugnance=menacing:fear {immovable:stability}
可厌的:反感=威胁的:害怕 {固定的:固定} （形容词与名词同义关系）
hankering<>odium
渴望<>憎恨
odium<>infatuation
憎恨<>迷恋
odium<>esteem
憎恨<>尊重
Synonyms: HATEFUL, abhorrent, abominable, detestable, hateable, horrid
Sample:I find
the task of punishing you most odious.
offbeat [Rf5bi:t] adj. 不平常的，离奇的
eccentric,
unconventional
offbeat<>conventional
反传统的<>传统的
offbeat<>bathetic
离奇的<>平庸的
offbeat<>hackneyed
离奇的<>平庸的
Synonyms: ECCENTRIC, UNCONVENTIONAL
Sample:That
writer has an offbeat style of using very short sentences.
offend [E5fend] v.冒犯，得罪
to cause dislike,
anger, or vexation
deferential:offend=scornful:respect
恭敬的:冒犯=轻蔑的:尊重 （形容词与名词的反义关系）
equivocation:truth=euphemism:offense/obfuscation:clarity
模棱两可的话:事实=委婉的说法:伤感情/困惑:清楚 （形容词与名词的反义关系）
euphemistic:offend=invulnerable:injure
委婉的:冒犯=不易受伤的:伤害 （形容词与动词的反义关系）
euphemism:offensive=aphorism:prolix
委婉的说法:令人不快的=格言:冗长的
（事物及其反面特征）
glitch:flaw=peccadillo:error/sin/offense
误操作:缺陷=小过失:错误/罪孽/犯罪（程度类比）
intransigent:acquiesce=deferential:offend
不妥协的:默认=恭敬的:冒犯（形容词与动词的反义关系）
politic:offend=aloof:associate
精明的:冒犯=疏远的:相处（形容词与动词的反义关系）
obstinate:preserve=tactless/insensitive:offend
倔强的:坚持=无动于衷的:使不愉快（形容词与动词的同义关系）
pliant:influence=ticklish:offend
易冒犯的:改变=易怒的:冒犯 （正面特征与特征动作）
remonstrance:offend=syllogism:disprove
规劝:冒犯=演绎:反驳（反义关系）
peccadillo:offense=cameo:sculpture
小过失:犯罪=镶雕的宝石:雕刻（程度类比）
mishap:accident=peccadillo:offence
不幸:事故=小罪:犯罪 （种属关系）
euphemism:offense=ambiguity:comprehesion{metaphor:description
}
委婉的说法:攻击=含糊:理解 (逃避关系) 【注:metaphor 与 description 无必然关系】
pliable:influence=testy:offend
柔软的:影响＝易怒的:冒犯（人物特征及其正面被动行为）
Synonyms: VIOLATE, breach, break, contravene, infract, infringe,
transgress
Sample:Expecting
to be treated with due propriety by her costs, Great-Aunt Maud was offended by
their offhand manner.
offhand [Rf5hAnd] adj.临时,无准备的;随便,马虎的
without premeditation
or preparation:EXTEMPORE
offhand<>premeditated
即兴的<>有备而来的
Synonyms: EXTEMPORANEOUS, autoschediastic, extemporary,
extempore, impromptu, improvised, spur-of-the-moment, unrehearsed, unstudied
Sample:The
teacher made some offhand remarks after class.
officious [E5fIFEs] adj．爱发命令的，好忠告人的
volunteering one's services where
they are neither asked nor needed:MEDDLESOME
attentive:officious=refined:snobbish {absorbed:engrossed }
留意的:多管闲事的=雅致的:俗不可耐的 {全神贯注的:着迷的} （褒贬程度类比）
officious:meddle=disaffected:rebel
多管闲事的:干涉=有背叛趋向的:背叛（形容词与动词的同义关系）
visionary:idealistic=officious:obliging
空想的:唯心的=多管闲事的:殷勤的
（同义关系）
officious:attentive=parsimony:frugal
多管闲事的:干涉=吝啬:节俭（褒贬程度类比）
politic<>injudicious {officious}
慎重的<>不明智的
Synonyms: IMPERTINENT, busy, intrusive,
meddlesome, obtrusive, polypragmatic
Sample:After
her long flight, Jill just wanted to nap, but the officious bellboy was intent
on showing her all the special features of the deluxe suite.
offish [5C:fIF] adj. 冷淡的
somewhat cold and
reserved:STANDOFFISH
offish<>sociable
冷漠的<>友善的
Synonyms: UNSOCIABLE, aloof, distant, insociable, reserved, solitary,
standoffish, unapproachable, unbending, withdrawn
ominous [5RmInEs] adj.预兆的, 恶兆的, 不吉利的
being or exhibiting an omen :
PORTENTOUS; especially : foreboding or foreshowing evil
: INAUSPICIOUS
auspicious<>ominous
吉兆的<>不吉利的
Synonyms: apocalyptic, baleful, baneful, dire, direful,
doomful, fateful, ill-boding, ill-omened, inauspicious, threatening, unlucky,
unpropitious
omniscient [Cm`nIsIEnt] adj.全知的, 无所不知的
having infinite awareness,
understanding, and insight
vacuous<>omniscient
空的,空虚的<>全知的,
无所不知的
Sample:I do not pretend to
be omniscient, but I am positive about this fact.
opaque [EJ5peIk] adj. 不透明的，难懂的
exhibiting opacity:blocking the
passage of radiant energy and especially light
slack:tension=opaque:translucence
松弛的:拉紧=不透明的:半透明 （形容词与名词同义关系）
opacity:light=impermeability:fluid
不透明:光线=不可渗透:流体 （事物及其作用对象的反面特征）
opacity<>transparency
不透明<>透明
diaphanous<>opaque
透明的<>不透明的
clarity<>opaque
清晰<>不透明
translucence<>opacity
半透明<>不透
Synonyms: OBSCURE, ambiguous,
amphibological, equivocal, nubilous, tenebrous, uncertain, unclear,
unintelligible, vague
Sample:The
opaque window kept the sunlight out of the room.
opera [5RpErE] n.歌剧
a drama
set to music and made up of vocal pieces with orchestral accompaniment and
orchestral overtures and interludes;
specifically :GRAND OPERA
libretto:opera=lyrics:song
剧本:歌剧=歌词:歌曲 【 注:libretto:the text of a work (as an opera) for the musical theater 】
opera:singer=ballet:dancer
歌剧:歌手=芭蕾:舞者 （人物及其表演内容）
Sample:Tristan and Lsolde
drink a love potion in the first act of the opera.
opine [EJ5paIn] vt.vi. 想,以为
to express opinions
augur:predict=pundit:opine
占卜师:预言=权威:发表观点 （人物及其特征行为）
recidivism:relapse=pundit:opine
重犯:再发=博学者:发表意见 （人物及其特征行为）
opportune [5RpEtju:n] adj. 合适的，适当的
suitable or convenient
for a particular occurrence
opportune:convenience=impermanent:transience
适当的:方便=短暂的:顷刻 （形容词与名词的同义关系）
opportune<>inconvenient
适当的<>不便的
opportune<>inappropriate
适宜的<>不适当的
opportune<>untimely
恰好的，适宜的<>不合时宜的
Synonyms: TIMELY, auspicious, favorable,
propitious, prosperous, seasonable, timeous, well-timed
Sample:The
diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience and skill in conducting such
delicate negotiations, declined to make a decision during the talks because any
sudden commitment at that time would have been inopportune .
oppose [E5pEJz] vt.反对；反抗
to place over against something so
as to provide resistance, counterbalance, or contrast
oppose:thwart=treat:cure
反对:阻碍=治疗:治愈 （动作及其结果）
capitulate<>oppose
屈服<>抗争
Synonyms: counter, match, pit, play (off), vie
Sample:He was
a practical man, opposed to theory
oppression [E5preF(E)n] n. 压抑,沉闷,压迫手段
unjust or cruel
exercise of authority or power
oppression:disagreement=??
压抑:不一致=??
Sample:When an
oppressed group revolts against a society, one must look for the underlying
forces that led to the group's alienation from that society.
opprobrious [E5prEJbrIEs] adj. 嘴不干净的,无礼的,粗野的
expressive of
opprobrium:SCURRILOUS
opprobrious:blameless=??
粗野的:无可指摘的=?? （形容词正反对比）
opprobrious<>irreproachable
无礼的<>无过失的
Synonyms: ABUSIVE, contumelious, invective, scurrile, scurrilous,
truculent, vituperative, vituperatory, vituperous
Sample:He
refused to defend himself against the slander and opprobrium hurled against him
by the newspapers; he preferred to rely on his record.
optimization [9CptImaI`zeIFLn] n. 最优化
an act, process, or methodology of
making something (as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional,
or effective as possible;
optimization:improve=??
最优化:改善=?? （名词与其特征动作）
opulent [5RpjJlEnt] adj．富裕的，充足的
amply or plentifully provided or
fashioned often to the point of ostentation
spartan<>opulent
简朴的、节约的<>丰富的，富裕的
Synonyms: LUXURIOUS, Capuan, deluxe,
luscious, lush, luxuriant, palatial, plush, sumptuous, upholstered
Sample:The king
of France lived in opulence in his palace.
oracle [5C:rEkl] n.[宗](古希腊)神谕, 预言, 神谕处, 神使, 哲人, 圣贤
a person (as a priestess of ancient Greece) through whom a deity is believed to speak
mentor:guidance=oracle:prophecy
导师:指导=神谕:预言 (人物及其职能)
Synonyms: REVELATION, apocalypse, prophecy, vision
Sample:The
ancient Greeks tried to learn the future from oracles.
oration [E5reIF(E)n] n. 演说,致辞,叙述法
an elaborate discourse delivered in
a formal and dignified manner
Sample:The priest
gave an oration on the value of not drinking alcohol.
orchestra [5C:kIstrE] n.管弦乐队
a group of musicians including
especially string players organized to perform ensemble music
orchestra:musician=pack:wolf
管弦乐队:音乐家=狼群:狼（个体与群体）
pilot:ship=conductor:orchestra
领航员:船=指挥:管弦乐队（领导与组织）
Synonyms: band, philharmonic, symphony
Sample:Although
the young violinist's steady performance, with the orchestra demonstrated his
technical competence. his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity
labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly accomplished performer.
orient [5C:riEnt] vt.使朝东, 使适应, 确定方向
to set or arrange in any
determinate position especially in relation to the points of the compass
adhesive:bind=compass:orient
粘合剂:连接=指南针:指向（事物极其功用）
Sample:
Freshman orientation provides the incoming students with an opportunity to
learn about their new environment and their place in it.
original [E5rIdVIn(E)l] adj. 最初的,原始的,有创意的
not secondary,
derivative, or imitative
babble:sense=parrot:originality
唠叨:理性=学舌:创新（缺乏关系）
banality<>original
陈腐<>新颖 【注:词性不符】
commonplace<>original
普通的<>有创意的
pastiche<>original work
模仿<>原创
trite<>fresh/original
陈腐的<>创新的
Synonyms: INVENTIVE, creative, demiurgic,
deviceful, ingenious, innovational, innovative, innovatory, originative
Sample:Although
the mental process that creates a fresh and original poem or drama is doubtless
analogous to that which originates and elaborates scientific discoveries, there
is clearly a discernible difference between the creators.
ornithology [C:nI5WRlEdVI] n.鸟类学, 鸟学论文
a branch of zoology dealing with
birds
ornithology:eagle=astronomy:planet
鸟类学:鹰=天文学:行星 （学科及其研究对象）
orthodoxy [5C:WEdRksI] n. 正统说法,正教,信奉正教
the quality or state of being
conforming to established doctrine especially in religion
religion:devoutness=canon:orthodoxy
信仰:朝拜=教会法则:正统说法（同义关系）
dissenter:orthodox=maverick:group
持异义者:正统=离经叛道者:团体（人物及其反对对象）
Sample:Although
some of her fellow scientists decried the unorthodox laboratory methodology
that others found innovative, unanimous praise greeted her experimental
results:at once pioneering and unexceptionable.
oscillate [5RsIleIt] vt. 使振动,使动摇
to swing backward and
forward like a pendulum
oscillate:swing=momentum:scooter
振荡:秋千=驱动:小机车（行为及其对象）
Synonyms: SWING, pendulate, sway
Sample:On an
oscilloscope, you can see an electrical current oscillate up and down.
ossify [5RsIfaI] v．硬化，骨化, 变得泥古不化
to become hardened or
conventional and opposed to change
depreciation:value=ossification:flexibility
贬值:重要=僵化:灵活 （反义关系）
ossified<>make pliant
骨化的<>变柔顺
Sample:Inspired
interim responses to hitherto unknown problems, New Deal economic stratagems
became ossified as a result of bureaucratization, their flexibility and
adaptability destroyed by their transformation into rigid policies.
ostentatious [Rsten5teIFEs] adj. 装饰表面的,夸示的,华美的
marked by or fond of conspicuous or
vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display
ostentatious<>modest
夸耀<>谦让的
ostentation<>artlessness
卖弄<>朴实
ostentation<>modesty
卖弄<>谦逊
Synonyms: SHOWY, chichi, flamboyant, orchidaceous,
peacockish, peacocky, pretentious, splashy, swank
Sample:Trump's
latest casino in Atlantic City is the most ostentatious gambling place in the
East:it easily outglitters its competitors.
ostracism [ `CstrEsIzLm ] n. 贝壳流放,放逐,排斥
exclusion by general consent from
common privileges or social acceptance
pariah:ostracize=prisoner:confine
被驱逐者:驱逐=囚犯:囚禁（动作及其对象）
ostracize<>take in
驱逐<>接纳
ostracize<>welcome
驱赶<>欢迎
ostracize<>include/embrace
排斥<>包容/包含
ostracism<>invite to join
驱逐、排斥<>邀请参加
Synonyms: EXILE, banishment, deportation, displacement,
expulsion, relegation
Sample:As soon
as the newspapers carried the story of his connection with the criminals, his
friends began to ostracize him.
oust [aJst] vt.剥夺, 取代, 驱逐
to remove from or dispossess of
property or position by legal action, by force, or by the compulsion of
necessity
instate<>oust
任命<>剥夺
Synonyms: DEPRIVE, bereave, disinherit, dispossess, divest, lose,
rob
Sample:The world wondered
if Aquino would be able to oust Marcos from office.
outgoing [5aJt^EJIN] adj. 友善的，即将离去的
openly friendly and
responsive:EXTROVERTED
extrovert:outgoing=perfectionist:exacting
好社交者:爱社交的=完美主义者:苛求的（人物及其正面特点）
Synonyms: DEMONSTRATIVE, expansive, unconstrained, unreserved,
unrestrained
Sample:Rebuffed
by his colleagues, the initially outgoing young researcher became increasingly
withdrawn.
outmaneuver [aJtmE5nu:vE(r)] v. 以策略制胜, 以机动性胜过
to maneuver with better
effect than; outwit
outmaneuver<>yield
智取<>服输
Synonyms: OUTWIT, outfox, outgeneral,
outjockey, outreach, outslick, outsmart, outthink, overreach, undo
Sample:The soccer
player outmaneuvered her opponents and scored a goal.
outmoded [aJt5mEJdId] adj. 过时的
no longer acceptable,
current, or usable
Synonyms: OBSOLETE, dead, disused, extinct,
outworn, superseded
Sample:Unconcerned
about keeping in style, Lenore was perfectly happy to wear outmoded clothes as
long as they were clean and unfrayed.
outwit [aJt5wIt] vt.瞒骗, 以智取胜
to get
the better of by superior cleverness:OUTSMART
taunt:provoke=plot:outwit
嘲弄:挑拨=密谋:以智取胜 (同义关系)
Synonyms: have, outfox, outgeneral, outjockey, outmaneuver,
outreach, outslick, outsmart, outthink, overreach, undo
Sample:By disguising
himself as an old woman, Holmes was able to outwit his pursuers and escape
capture.
overbearing [EJvE5beErIN] adj. 傲慢的,骄傲自大的,蛮横的
harshly and haughtily
arrogant
unassuming<>overbearing
谦逊的<>傲慢的
overbearing<>meek
傲慢的<>谦逊的
Synonyms: PROUD, arrogant, cavalier,
disdainful, haughty, high-and-mighty, insolent, lordly, supercilious, superior
Sample:Certain
of her own importance and of the unimportance of everyone else, Lady Bracknell
was intolerably overbearing in manner.
overdose [5EJvEdEJs] n. 配药量过多
too great a dose (as of
a therapeutic agent)
overdose:prescription=indiscretion:convention
过量:处方=不慎重:惯例（事物及其过分的方式）
Sample:He took an
overdose and was in the hospital for weeks.
overexposure [5EuvEriks5pEuVE] adj. 过度暴露
to expose excessively;
especially:to expose (as film) to excessive radiation (as light)
overexposure:jaded=vaccination:immune
感光过度:厌倦的=接种疫苗:免疫的(因果关系)
overlap [EJvE5lAp] vt. 重叠,重复
to occupy the same area
in part:lap over
infinite:exhaust=discrete:overlap
无限的:穷尽=离散的:重叠 （形容词与动词间的反义关系）
inconsonant:concord=scatter:overlap
不协调的:一致的=分散的:重叠的 （反义关系）
Synonyms: imbricate, lap, overlie, override, ride, shingle
Sample:Many
welfare reformers would substitute a single, federally financed income support
system for the existing welter of overlapping programs.
oversee [EJvE5si:] v.俯瞰, 监视, 检查, 视察
INSPECT,
EXAMINE
dexterous:manipulate=prescient:predict
{ clairvoyant:oversee }
灵巧的:熟练的操作=预见性的:预言 { 有洞察力的:监视
} (行为及其正面特征)
Synonyms: SUPERVISE, boss, chaperon, overlook, quarterback,
superintend, survey
Sample:She
oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments.
overt [EJ5v\:t] adj．公开的、非秘密的
open to view:MANIFEST
clandestine:secretly=overt:openly
秘密的:秘密地=公然的:公然地 （形容词与副词）
shadowy<>overt
朦胧的<>明显的
Sample:According
to the United States Constitution, a person must commit an overt act before he
may be tried for treason.
overture [5EJvEtjJE(r)] n. 前奏曲、序曲,提议,提案,初步交涉
something
introductory:PRELUDE
veto:prohibitive=overture:introductory
否决:禁止的=序曲:开端的 （名词与形容词的正面类比）
overture/ preamble:introduction=caveat:warning/cautionary
序曲:介绍=警戒:警告 （个体与一般）
overture:symphony=preface:book
序曲:交响乐=前言:书 （事物及其开始部分）
coda<>overture
乐章结尾<>前奏
Synonyms: INTRODUCTION, exordium, foreword, preamble, preface,
prelude, prelusion, proem, prolegomenon, prologue
Sample:Tchaikovsky's
1812 Overture concludes with a thunderous fusilade of cannon fire.
overwhelm [EJvE5welm] vt. 淹没,受打击,制服,压倒
to make helpless, as with greater force or deep emotion; overcome; crush;
overpower
usurp:take=trespass:enter {overwhelm:defeat}
霸占:获得=侵入:进入 { 制服:击败 }（非法与正常）
Synonyms: DELUGE, drown, engulf, flood, inundate, overflow, submerge,
swamp, whelm
Sample:The
notion that cultural and biological influences equally determine cross-cultural
diversity is discredited by the fact that, in countless aspects of human existence,
it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population
variance.
overwrought [EJvE5rC:t] adj. 过度紧张【兴奋】的
extremely
excited:AGITATED
Sample:When
Kate heard the news of the sudden tragedy, she became too overwrought to work and
had to leave the office early.
oxymoron [RksI5mC:rRn] n. 矛盾修饰法
a combination of
contradictory or incongruous words
apophasis:claim=oxymoron:paradox
委婉表述:表述=矛盾修饰法:矛盾 （特殊与一般）
equivocation:ambiguous=oxymoron:incongruous
模棱两可的话:暧昧的=矛盾修饰法:不调和的 （事物及其正面特征）
oxymoron:contradictory=mishap:catastrophic
矛盾修饰法:矛盾的=不幸:灾难的（正面特征）
pachyderm [5pAkId\:m] n.厚皮类动物, 迟钝的人
any of various nonruminant hoofed
mammals (as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a pig) most of which have a thick
skin
pachyderm:animal=ant:insect
厚皮类动物:动物=蚂蚁:昆虫 （种属）
Sample:The
elephant is probably the best-known pachyderm.
pacify [5pAsIfaI] vt. 使平静,安慰,绥靖
to allay the anger or
agitation of:SOOTHE
solace:grief=pacification:anger
安慰:痛楚=平定:愤怒 （消除关系）
rankle<>pacify
激怒<>安慰
tantrum<>pacify
发怒<>使平静
vex<>pacify/appease/soothe
恼怒<>安慰
discompose<>pacificate
使不安<>使镇静
pacific<>truculent
和平的<>好战的
incite<>pacify
煽动<>抚慰
Synonyms: SOOTHE, pacify, appease, ease,
mollify
Sample:Dentists
criticize the practice of giving fussy children sweets to pacify them.
pack [pAk] n. 包裹,一群,包装,背包,一副
a group of often
predatory animals of the same kind
orchestra:musician=pack:wolf
管弦乐队:音乐家=狼群:狼 （团体与个体）
Synonyms: MUCH, barrel, great deal, heap, lot, lump, multiplicity,
peck, pile
Sample:I
thought I was talking to a mature audience; instead, I find myself addressing a
pack of dolts.
pact [pAkt] n. 契约,协定,条约
COMPACT; especially:an
international treaty
Synonyms: CONTRACT, agreement, bargain,
bond, compact, convention, covenant, transaction
Sample:The consensus
indicates that we are opposed to entering into this pact.
padding [5pAdIN] n. 垫充,垫塞,填料
material with which
something is padded
padding:damage=disguise:recognition
填塞物:损伤=假面目:认识 （防止关系）
padding:damage=levee:flooding
填塞物:损伤=防洪堤坝:洪水 （防止关系）
Synonyms: EMBROIDER, embellish, exaggerate,
fudge, magnify, overcharge, overdraw, overpaint, overstate, stretch
Sample:Thick
padding in that chair makes it very comfortable.
paean [5pi:En] n. 欢乐歌,赞美歌
a joyous song or hymn of praise,
tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph;
broadly
paean:song=elegy:poem
赞美歌:歌=挽诗:诗 （种属）
paean<>harshly lampoon
赞歌<>讽刺文章
Synonyms: ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE
Sample:paeans
celebrating the victory filled the air.
painstaking [5peInzteIkIN] adj. 辛苦的,勤勉的,小心的
taking pains:expending, showing, or
involving diligent care and effort
cursory<>painstakingly
thorough
草率的<>十分彻底的
slipshod<>painstaking
漫不经心的<>艰苦的
remiss<>painstaking
不留心的<>下苦功的
Synonyms: CAREFUL, conscientious, conscionable, exact, fussy,
heedful, meticulous, punctilious, punctual, scrupulous
Sample:The new
high-frequency word list is the result of painstaking efforts on the part of
our research staff.
palatable [5pAlEtEb(E)l] adj．美味的，愉快的
agreeable to the palate
or taste
palatable:savory=discernible:manifest
美味的:可口的=可分辨的:明显的
Synonyms: aperitive, appetizing, flavorsome, good-tasting,
mouth-watering, relishing, sapid, saporous, savorous, savorsome, savory,
tasteful, tasty, toothsome, toothy
Sample:Animals that have tasted
unpalatable plants tend to recognize them afterward on the basis of their most conspicuous
features, such as their flowers.