list 17 leer --- mediate
leer [lIE(r)] vi.送秋波, 斜视
to cast a sidelong
glance
stare:leer=peruse:smattering
凝视:斜视=精读:略知 （反义关系）
leery [`lIErI] adj.机敏的, 送秋波的, 狡猾的，猜疑的；警惕的
Suspicious or
distrustful; wary
leery<>showing
no doubt
猜疑的<>毫不怀疑的
Sample:Don't eat sushi at this restaurant; I'm a bit
leery about how fresh it is.
legacy [5le^EsI] n．遗产，遗留之物
something transmitted by or received from an
ancestor or predecessor or from the past
legacy:predecessor=gift:donor
遗产:前辈=礼品:捐赠者（物品及物主关系）
legacy:predecessor=endowment:patron
遗产:前辈=捐赠:捐赠者（物品及物主关系）
Sample:The methods that a community devises to
perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy
that that community perceives as essential.
legend [5ledVEnd] n. 传说,传奇文学,图例
an explanatory list of the symbols on a map
or chart
glossary:text=legend:map
生词表:教科书=地图说明文字:地图 （图文材料及其附注）
legendary<>obscure
有名的,传说中的<>无名的
Sample:The legend at the bottom of the map made it
clear which symbols stood for rest areas along the highway and which stood for
public camp sites.
legible [5ledVIb(E)l] adj. 清晰的,易读的
capable of being read or deciphered:PLAIN
legible:decipher=??
易读的:解释，译码=？？
Sample:The photocopy is faint but legible.
legion [5li:dV(E)n] n.古罗马军团，<书>众多, 大批
MANY, NUMEROUS
legion<>lack
in number
众多<>数量少
Synonyms: MANY, multifarious, multitudinal, multitudinous,
numerous, populous, sundry, various, voluminous
Sample:Legions of people filled
the streets to celebrate independence.
lenient [5li:nIEnt] adj.
宽大的，仁慈的
exerting a soothing or easing
influence:relieving pain or stress
martinet:leniency=dabbler:dedication
严格的人:宽大=业余学者:奉献 （人物及其反面特征）
raffish:decorum=merciless:leniency
无赖卑鄙的:礼貌=无怜悯心的:宽大的 （反义关系）
draconian<>lenient
严峻的，苛刻的<>宽大的，仁慈的
Synonyms: GENTLE, balmy, bland, faint, mild, smooth, soft
Sample:Considering the gravity of the offense, we
were surprised by the leniency of the sentence.
lethal [5li:W(E)l] adj. 致命的
gravely damaging or destructive:DEVASTATING
disagreeable:hateful=harmful:lethal
不满的:憎恨的=有害的:致命的
(形容词程度类比)
Synonyms: DEADLY, deathly, fatal,
mortal, mortiferous, pestilent, pestilential
Sample:It is unwise to leave lethal weapons where
children may find them.
lethargy [5leWEdVI] n.无生气 ，无精打采，呆滞懒散，无生气，冷漠的状态
the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish,
or indifferent
lethargic:energy=??
无生气的:能量=??（缺乏关系）
lethargy<>animative
无生气的<>有生气的
Synonyms: coma, dullness, hebetude, languor,
lassitude, sleep, slumber, stupor, torpidity, torpidness, torpor
Sample:The stuffy room made her lethargic; she felt as
if she was about to nod off.
levee [5levi.] n.防洪堤, 码头, 大堤
an embankment for preventing flooding
levee:river=cordon:crowd
防波堤:河流=警界线:人群
（阻止关系）
rampart:invasion=levee:flood
堡垒:入侵=防洪堤:洪水（阻止关系）
padding:damage=levee:flooding
填塞物:损伤=防洪堤坝:洪水 （避免关系）
Synonyms:
WHARF, berth, dock,
jetty, pier, quay, slip
Sample:As the river rose and threatened to overflow
the levee, emergency workers rushed to reinforce the walls with sandbags.
levelheaded [`levEl`hedId] adj.头脑冷静的,清醒的
having sound judgment:SENSIBLE
levelheaded<>foolish
明智的<>愚蠢的
Sample:She is a levelheaded girl and won't do
anything foolish.
leverage [5levErIdV] n. 优势，力量位置上的优势；有效的行动
positional
advantage; power to act effectively:
leverage:advantage=??
力量位置上的优势:优势=??（种属关系）
Sample:Unions have the leverage of a strike in
negotiations with management.
levity [5levItI] n.轻率, 轻浮, 不稳定, 多变
excessive or unseemly frivolity
sullen:levity=??
阴沉的:轻浮=??
Synonyms: LIGHTNESS, flightiness, flippancy, frivolity,
light-mindedness, volatility
Sample:Stop giggling abd wriggling
around in the pew; such levity is improper in church.
lexicographer [leksI5kR^rEfE(r)] n. 辞典编纂者
an author or editor of a dictionary
cartographer:map=weaver:cloth=lexicographer:dictionary
制图家:地图=织布者:布=编辞典者:辞典 （人及其工作成品）
Sample:Although the meanings of words may
necessarily be liable to change, it does not follow that the lexicographer is
therefore unable to render spelling, in a great measure, constant . (9510)
liability [laIE5bIlItI] n. 责任,债务,倾向
something for which one is liable; especially :pecuniary obligation
exempt:liability=pardon:penalty
免除:债务=原谅:过错 （消除关系）
asset<>liability
资产<>债务
Synonyms: DEBT, arrear(s), arrearage, due,
indebtedness
Sample:Her lack of an extensive vocabulary was a
liability that she was able to overcome.
liaison [5lIEzRn] n. 联络
a close bond or
connection:INTERRELATIONSHIP
Synonyms: AMOUR, affair, intrigue
Sample:As the liason, he had to avoid offending the
leaders of the two armies.
liberal [5lIbEr(E)l] adj.心胸宽大的；慷慨的
marked by generosity:OPENHANDED
heretic:unconformity=generous:liberality { authority:superiority }
异端:不服从=慷慨的:大方 {
权威:优越性 }（人物及其正面特征）
nefarious:wickedness=generous:liberality
极恶的:邪恶=宽大的:宽大 （形容词同义关系）
parsimonious:liberal=obtuse:keen
吝啬的:慷慨的=钝的:锋利的 （反义关系）
liberal<>parsimonious
慷慨的<>小气的
liberalist<>enfetterist
自由主义者<>被束缚的人
liberal<>meager
慷慨的<>贫乏的
Synonyms:
bounteous,
bountiful, free, freehanded, generous, handsome, munificent, openhanded,
unsparing
Sample:Despite claims that his philosophy can be
traced to a single source, the philosophy in fact draws liberally on several
traditions and methodologies and so could justifiably be termed eclectic.
libertine [5lIbEti:n] n. 性行为放纵者，浪荡子
a person who is unrestrained by convention or
morality; specifically :one
leading a dissolute life
caviler:carping=libertine:licentious
吹毛求疵者:吹毛求疵的=放荡者:放荡的（人物及其正面特征）
libertine:dissolute=sycophant:obsequious
放荡者:放荡的=奉承者:卑屈的（人物及其正面特征）
ludicrous:buffoon=dissolute:libertine=humorous:wag
可笑的:小丑=放荡的:放荡:幽默的:诙谐（同义关系）
emotion:effusive=liberty:licentious{
manner:grandious}
感情:感情奔放的=自由:放肆的
(程度类比)
Synonyms: LICENTIOUS, fast, incontinent, lascivious, lecherous, lewd,
libidinous, lustful, salacious, satyric
Sample:Although she was aware of his reputation as a
libertine, she felt she could reform him and help him break his dissolute way
of life.
liberty [5lIbEtI] n. 自由,特权,随意,冒失
an action going beyond normal limits:as a:a breach of etiquette or
propriety:FAMILIARITY
emotion:effusive=liberty:licentious{
manner:grandious}
感情:感情奔放的=自由:放肆的(程度类比)
management<>unfettered liberty
管理<>没有约束的自由
Synonyms: FREEDOM,
license
Sample:Eternal
vigilance is the price of liberty.
libretto [lI5bretEJ] n.(歌剧、音乐剧等的)歌词（或剧本）
the text of a work (as an opera) for the
musical theater
libretto:opera=lyrics:song
剧本:歌剧=歌词:歌曲 【 注:lyrics:the words of a song 】
Sample:The composer of an opera's music is remembered more frequently than the author of its libretto.
licentious [laI5senFEs]
adj. 纵欲的，放肆的
lacking legal or moral restraints; especially :disregarding sexual
restraints
caviler:carping=libertine:licentious
吹毛求疵者:吹毛求疵的=放荡者:放荡的（人物及其正面特征）
voluble:verbosity=licentious:dissoluteness
健谈的,流利的:说话=放荡的:放纵 （名词及其同义关系形容词）
licentiousness<>moral restrain
纵欲的<>坚持道德的
licentiousness<>restraint
person
放荡者<>有节制者
Synonyms: ABANDONED, dissolute, profligate, reprobate,
self-abandoned, unprincipled
Sample:The licentious monarch helped bring about his
country's downfall.
lien
[li:En] n．扣押权，留置权
a charge upon real or personal property for the
satisfaction of some debt or duty ordinarily arising by operation of law
lien:claim=subpoena:command
法律上的声明:声明=法律命令:命令（法律正式名词和一般名词）
Sample:There was a delay before Ralph could take
possession of his late uncle's home; apparently, another claimant had a lien
upon the estate.
liken
[5laIkEn] vt.把....比做;把....比拟(to)
liken:similarity=discriminate:difference
比喻:相似=分辨:差异
(因果关系)
liken<>controvert
比拟<>反驳
Sample:She admired her father so much that she likened him
to a saint.
limber [5lImbE(r)] adj. （肌肉）松软的，柔软的
capable of being shaped:FLEXIBLE
limber:flexibility=spindly:frailty
柔软的:可锻性=细长的:脆弱 （形容词和名词的正面特征）
Synonyms: SUPPLE, lissome, lithe, lithesome
Sample:Hours of ballet classes kept him
limber.
limerick [5lImErIk] n. 五行打油诗
a light or humorous verse form of 5 chiefly
anapestic verses of which lines 1, 2, and 5 are of 3 feet and lines 3 and 4 are
of 2 feet with a rhyme scheme of aabba
farce:performance=limerick:poem
笑闹剧:表演=打油诗:诗
（种属关系）
limerick:poem=lampoon:satire
打油诗:诗=讽刺文:讽刺文学 （种属关系）
Sample:He writes and recites limericks for fun.
limousine [lImJ5zi:n] n. 轿车
a large luxurious often chauffeur-driven
sedan that sometimes has a glass partition separating the driver's seat from
the passenger compartment
mansion:residence=limousine:automobile
公馆，大厦:居所=豪华小轿车:汽车（种属关系）
Sample:The movie star arrived at the theater in a
chauffeured limousine.
limp
[lImp] v. 跛行adj. 无力的，松软的
lacking firm texture, substance, or
structure
limp<>firm
柔软的<>坚硬的
Synonyms:
STUMBLE, muddle, shuffle
Sample:The flowers are limp from lack of water.
limpid [5lImpId] adj. 清澈的，透明的
marked by transparency:PELLUCID
limpid<>murky
清澈的<>朦胧不清的
limpid<>unclear
清澈的<>朦胧不清的
murky<>clear/pellucid/limpid
朦胧不清的<>清澈的
nebulous<>limpid
模糊的<>清楚的，明显的
Synonyms: TRANSPARENT, clear,
pellucid, see-through, translucent
Sample:A limpid stream ran through his property.
linen
[5lInIn]
n. 亚麻布，亚麻制品
cloth made of flax and noted for its
strength, coolness, and luster
clay:porcelain=flax:linen
陶土:陶器=麻纱:麻布（原料和成品的关系）
flannel:cloth=linen:fabric
法兰绒:布=亚麻布:纺织品
（种属关系）
Sample:You can buy towels in the linen department of this
store.
linger [5liN^E] v.逗留, 闲荡, 拖延, 游移
to move slowly :
SAUNTER
lingering<>fleeting
散步的<>飞速的
Synonyms： SAUNTER, amble, bummel, drift,
mope, mosey
linoleum [lI5nEJlIEm] n. 油布,油毯
a floor covering made by laying on a burlap
or canvas backing a mixture of solidified linseed oil with
gums, cork dust or wood flour or both, and usually pigments
varnish:wood=wax:linoleum
上漆:木头=上蜡:油毡
（加工物品）
linoleum:covering=tarpaulin:garment
油布:覆盖物=防水油布:外衣（种属关系）
Sample:We have linoleum on our kitchen floor.
lint [lInt]n. 绷带用麻布,皮棉
fuzz consisting
especially of fine ravelings and short fibers of yarn and fabric
lint:covering=tarpaulin:garment
皮棉:覆盖物=油布雨衣:衣服
（种属关系）
Sample:She tried to brush the lint from her jacket.
lissome [lIsem] adj. 柔软的,敏捷的
NIMBLE
lissome:lithe=??
柔软的:柔软的=??
(同义关系)
lissome<>ungainly
敏捷的<>不象样的
lissome<>solid
柔软的<>坚硬的
Synonyms: SUPPLE, limber, lithe, lithesome
list [lIst] n. 倾斜
a deviation from the vertical:TILT; also :the extent of such a deviation
list<>upright
倾斜<>竖式的
【词性不符】
Synonyms: SLANT, cant, heel, incline, lean, recline, slope, tilt,
tip
Sample:The ship listed during the storm.
listless [5lIstlIs] adj. 倦怠的,无精打采的,冷漠的
characterized by lack of interest, energy, or
spirit:LANGUID
Synonyms: LANGUID, die-away, enervated, lackadaisical,
languishing, languorous, limp, spiritless
Sample:We had expected him to be full of
enthusiasm and were surprised by his listless attitude.
lithe [laIT] adj. 柔软的，易弯曲的
characterized by easy flexibility
and grace
lissome:lithe=??
柔软的:柔软的=?? (同义关系)
lithe<>awkward
柔软的<>笨拙的
lithe<>inelastic
柔软的<>无弹性的
Synonyms: SUPPLE, limber, lissome,
lithesome
Sample:Her
figure was lithe and willowy.
livid [5livid] adj.铅色的, （被打得）青紫色的，怒气冲冲的
very
angry : ENRAGED
livid:anger=despondent:discourage
{insightful:meditate}
怒气冲冲的:使生气=沮丧的:使气馁 （因果关系）
Sample: His
face was so livid with rage that we were afraid that he might have an
attack of apoplexy.
loath [lEJW] adj. 不情愿的,勉强的
unwilling to do something contrary to one's
ways of thinking:RELUCTANT
castigation:reproof=loathing:dislike
苛责:谴责=讨厌:不喜欢 （程度类比）
loath<>eager
不情愿的<>渴望的
loathsome<>delectable
讨厌的<>使人愉快的
Synonyms: DISINCLINED, afraid, averse, backward, hesitant,
indisposed, reluctant, uneager, unwilling, unwishful
Sample:They
were both loath for him to go.
loathe [lEJT] vt.厌恶, 憎恶
To
dislike (someone or something) greatly; abhor.
dislike:loathing=pleasure:bliss
嫌恶:非常讨厌=快乐=天赐的福 （程度类比）
loathe<>amusing
讨厌<>有趣的 【注:词性不符】
Sample:We
loathed the wicked villain.
lode [lEJd] n. 矿脉,水路,水道
an ore deposit
shale:lode=well:aquifer
页岩:矿脉=源泉:含水土层 （事物及其发源地）
Sample:If this lode that we have
discovered extends for any distance, we have found a fortune.
lofty [5lC:ftI] adj. 高的,高超的,傲慢的,高级的
elevated in status:SUPERIOR
ignominious<>lofty
可耻的<>高尚的
lofty<>mean
傲慢的<>卑贱的
lofty<>cast down
高的<>下降的
Synonyms: GENEROUS, benevolent, big,
chivalrous, considerate, greathearted, magnanimous
Sample:They used to tease him about his
lofty ambitions.
loll [lRl] vi. 懒散地闲荡,垂下头,伸舌
to
act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner:LOUNGE
loll<>move
vigorously
懒散地闲荡<>精神旺盛地移动
Synonyms: IDLE, bum, dawdle, diddle, laze, lazy, loaf, loiter,
lounge
Sample:They lolled around in their chairs
watching television.
loophole [5lu:phEJl] n. 枪眼,小窗,换气孔
a similar opening to admit light and air or to
permit observation
airtight:loophole= ??
密闭的:换气孔:??（ 缺乏关系）
Sample:There is a loophole in the new tax law
that allows the rich to escape paying higher taxes.
lopsided [5lCp5saidid] adj. 倾向一方的,不平衡的
lacking in balance, symmetry, or
proportion:disproportionately heavy on one side
even handed<>lopsided
平衡<>不平衡的
Synonyms: asymmetric, difform,
disproportional, disproportionate, irregular, nonsymmetrical, off-balance,
overbalanced, proportionless, unbalanced, unequal, uneven, unproportionate,
unsymmetrical
Sample:Our team had a lopsided victory of 10 to 0
over our opponent.
loquacious [lR5kweIFEs] adj. 多嘴的,好辩的,吵闹的,潺潺的
given to fluent or excessive
talk:GARRULOUS
flatter:praise=loquacious:talkative
奉承:称赞=多嘴的:喜欢说话的 （程度类比）
loquacious:succinct=adroit:ungainly
多嘴的:简洁的=熟练的:笨拙的 （反义关系）
loquacious:talkative=rash:adventurous
多嘴的:喜欢说话的=卤莽的:大胆的 （程度类比）
loquacious:talkative=cloying:sweet
多嘴的:喜欢说话的=使人生厌的:甜的（程度类比）
loquacious:word=profligate:money
多嘴的:词=浪费的:金钱 （动宾关系）
loquacious:talkative=reckless:adventurous
{prudent:modest}
多嘴的:喜欢说话的=鲁莽的:大胆的 （程度类比）
laconic<>loquacious
简洁的<>多嘴的
loquacious<>taciturn
简洁的<>沉默寡言的
reticent<>loquacious
沉默的<>多嘴的
loquacity<>reluctance to speak
多话<>不愿说话
loquacity<>disinclination to speak
多舌<>不愿说话
Synonyms: TALKATIVE, babblative, chatty, gabby, garrulous,
loose-lipped, loose-tongued, multiloquent, multiloquious, talky
Sample:She is very loquacious and can
speak on the telephone for hours.
lottery [5lRtErI] n.抽彩，抓阄，彩票
a drawing of lots in which prizes are
distributed to the winners among persons buying a chance
lottery:raffle=ticket:admission
彩票:抽彩售货=票:允许进入 (事物及其凭证)
Sample:Nothing excites Esther; even when
she won the state lottery, she still preserved her air of bovine calm.
lounge [laJndV] v. 懒散地斜靠 n. 休息室
to act or move idly or lazily:LOAF
Synonyms: IDLE, bum, dawdle, goldbrick, laze, lazy, loaf, loiter,
loll
Sample:We lounged on the beach.
loutish [`laJtIF] adj. 粗鲁的
resembling or befitting a lout
genteel<>loutish
有教养的<>无礼的
Synonyms: BOORISH, churlish, cloddish, clodhopping, clownish,
ill-bred, lowbred, uncivilized, uncultured, unrefined
Sample:The delivery boy is an awkward
lout.
loyal [5lCIEl] n. 忠贞,忠诚,忠实
unswerving in allegiance:as faithful in allegiance to one's
lawful sovereign or government
exorbitant:moderation=perfidious:loyalty
过分的，过度的:温和的，有节制的=不忠的:忠诚，忠心 （事物及其反面特征）
snub:disdain=double cross:disloyalty
冷落:蔑视=欺骗出卖:不忠实（动词与名词同义关系）
Synonyms: FAITHFUL, allegiant, ardent,
constant, resolute, steadfast, true
Sample:Many of her followers remain loyal
to her, and even those who have rejected her leadership are unconvinced of the
wisdom of replacing her during the current turmoil.
lubricate [[5lu:sId] ] vt.使润滑vi.加润滑油
to
make smooth or slippery
oil:lubricate=antiseptic:disinfect
油:润滑=杀菌剂:消毒 （事物及其功用）
preservative:spoilage＝lubricate:friction
防腐剂:损坏=润滑剂:摩擦(防止关系)
Synonyms: BRIBE, buy, buy off, fix,
have, sop, square, tamper (with)
Sample:Oils lubricate moving parts of engines and
other machines.
lucid [5lu:sId] adj. 清澈的,透明的,透彻的
clear to the
understanding:INTELLIGIBLE
manifest/lucid:perceive=transparent:understand
明显的/明晰的:认知=显然的:理解（事物特征及其正面被动）
prominent:notice=lucid:understand
卓越的:注意=明晰的:理解 （事物特征及其正面被动）
audible:stentorian=comprehensible:lucid
听得见的:声音洪亮的=可理解的:明晰的(程度类比)
obfuscate<>lucid
使迷惑<>清晰的 【注:词性不符】
Synonyms: UNDERSTANDABLE, apprehensible, comprehendible,
comprehensible, fathomable, graspable, intelligible, knowable, luminous
Sample:Although just barely adequate as a
writer of lucid prose, Jones was an extremely capable editor who worked
superbly with other writers in helping them improve the clarity of their
writing.
ludicrous [5lu:dIkrEs] adj. 可笑的,滑稽的,荒唐的
meriting derisive laughter or scorn as
absurdly inept, false, or foolish
ludicrous:buffoon=dissolute:libertine=humorous:wag
可笑的:扮演丑角的人=放纵的:放荡不的人=风趣的:爱说笑打趣的人（人物极其所具有的性格特征）
inexperience:neophyte=ludicrous:buffoon
缺乏经验:新手=可笑的:扮演丑角的人 (人物及其正面特征)
Synonyms: LAUGHABLE, comic, comical,
droll, farcical, funny, gelastic, ridiculous, risible
Sample:Although his attempts to appear
psychotic were so clumsy as to be almost ludicrous, there is evidence that Ezra
Pound was able to avoid standing trial for treason merely by faking symptoms of
mental illness.
lug [lQ^] vt.vi. 拖,拉
to carry laboriously
lug:carry=trudge:walk
拖拉:携带=跋涉:走（程度类比）
Sample:I lugged
two heavy suitcases to the train station.
lugubrious [lu:5^ju:brIEs] adj. 郁郁不乐的，悲哀的
MOURNFUL; especially :exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful
facetious<>lugubrious
滑稽的<>可怜的, 悲惨的, 悲哀的
lugubrious<>jovial
悲惨的<>快活的
Synonyms: MELANCHOLY, doleful, dolesome,
dolorous, lamentable, mournful, plaintive, rueful, sorrowful, woeful
Sample:The lugabrious howling of the dogs
added to our sadness.
lull [lQl] vt. 使平静,哄骗,使安静
to cause to sleep or rest:SOOTHE
galvanize<>lull
刺激<>使平静
startle<>lull
使惊愕<>使平静
lull<>revive
使平静<>使振奋
lull<>hectic period
暂停<>狂热的时期
Synonyms: CALM, allay, balm, becalm,
compose, quiet, settle, soothe, still, tranquilize
Sample:Not wanting to get wet, they waited
under the awning for a lull in the rain.
lullaby [5lQlEbaI] n. 摇篮曲
a soothing refrain; specifically :a song to quiet children or lull them to sleep
lullaby:song=diatribe:discourse
摇篮曲:歌曲=谩骂:交谈；对话（种属关系）
Sample:She sang
sweet lullabies to her baby at bedtime.
lumen [`ljU:mIn] n. 流明,内腔
a unit of luminous flux equal to the light
emitted in a unit solid angle by a uniform point source of one candle intensity
decibel:sound=volt:electricity=watt:power=lumen:light
分贝:声音=伏:电流=瓦:功率=流明:亮度 （事物及其衡量单位）
Sample:In buying light bulbs, she checked
not only their power, as measured in watts, but their brightness, as measured
in lumens.
luminary [5lumInerI] n. 杰出人物，名人
a person of prominence or brilliant
achievement
master:experience=luminary:eminence
能手:经验=权威:显赫 （人物及其正面特征）
maven:experience=luminary:eminence
行家:经验=权威:显赫 （人物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: CELEBRITY, big name, name, notability, notable, somebody
Sample:A leading light of the American
stage, Ethel Barrymore was a theatrical luminary whose name lives on.
lurk [l\:k] vi. 潜藏,潜伏,埋伏
to lie in wait in a place of concealment
especially for an evil purpose
lurk:wait=purloin:appropriate=abscond:depart
潜伏:等=盗窃:挪用=潜逃:离开 (非法与正常)
lurk:concealment=purloin:appropriation
潜伏:潜藏=偷窃:盗取 （种属关系）
lurk:concealment=espouse:marriage
潜伏:潜藏=嫁娶:结婚（种属关系）
Synonyms: SNEAK, creep, gumshoe,
pussyfoot, skulk, slide, slink, slip, steal
Sample:"Who knows what evils lurk in
the hearts of men? The shadow knows."
lush [lQF] adj. 苍翠繁茂的,多青草的,丰富的
growing vigorously especially with
luxuriant foliage
sere<>lush/damp
干枯的<>丰茂的/潮湿的
Synonyms: PROFUSE, exuberant, lavish, luxuriant, opulent,
prodigal, profusive, riotous
Sample:The garden is lush with new spring growth.
lustrous [5lQstrEs] adj. 有光泽的,光辉的
reflecting light evenly and efficiently
without glitter or sparkle
numb:insensible:burnish:lustrous
麻木:无知觉的=光泽:有光泽的（正面特征）
Synonyms: burnished, gleaming, glistening, glossy, polished,
sheeny, shining, shiny
Sample:Her large and lustrous eyes gave a
touch of beauty to an otherwise drab face.
luxurious [lQ^5zjJErIEs] adj.爱好奢侈的，豪华的
marked by or given to
self-indulgence
spartan<>sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious
简朴的<>沉于奢侈逸乐的/放纵的/奢侈逸乐的/奢华的
luxuriant<>spartan
奢华的<>简朴的
Synonyms: SENSUOUS, epicurean, luscious,
lush, sensual, sensualistic, voluptuous
Sample:Their house is full of luxurious
furniture.
lyric [5lIrIk] n.抒情诗, 歌词
the words of a song
libretto:opera=lyrics:song
剧本:歌剧=歌词:歌曲 【 注:libretto:the text of a work (as an opera) for the musical theater 】
pleasurable:paradisical=melodious:lyrical
愉悦的:极乐=曲调优美的:抒情诗调的 ( 同义关系)
ballad:song=lyric:poem=comedian:actor
民谣:歌曲=抒情诗:诗歌=喜剧演员:演员 （种属关系）
Sample:The natures of social history and lyric
poetry are antithetical, social history always recounting the evanescent and
lyric poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond
fashion and economics.
maelstrom [5meIlstrEm] n．大漩涡，灾祸
a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in
objects within a given radius
maelstrom:turbulent=mirage:illusory
大漩涡:混乱的=海市蜃楼:幻影的（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: EDDY, vortex, whirl, whirlpool
Sample:The
canoe was tossed about in the maelstrom.
magnificent [mA^5nIfIsEnt] adj.华丽的, 高尚的, 宏伟的
Grand or
noble in thought or deed; exalted.
magnificent<>base
高尚的<>卑贱的
Synonyms: GRAND, august, grandiose,
imposing, lordly, magnific, majestic, noble, princely, stately
Sample:In a magnificent
feat of engineering, Goethals and his men cut through the isthmus of Panama in
constructing the Panama Canal.
maladroit [mAlE5dVCIt] n. 笨拙的
lacking adroitness:INEPT
complaisance:intractable=adeptness:maladroit
柔顺的:倔强的=老练的:笨拙的 （反义关系）
maladroit:deft=voluble:terse
笨拙的:灵巧的=流利的:简短的 （反义关系）
maladroit:skill=glib:profundity
不灵巧的:技巧=口齿伶俐的:深度 （缺乏关系）
deft<>maladroit
灵巧的<>笨拙的
maladroit<>dextrous
笨手笨脚的<>灵活的
Synonyms: AWKWARD, bumbling, clumsy, gauche, halting, ham-handed,
heavy-handed, inept, lumbering, unhandy
Sample:In his usual maladroit way, he
managed to upset the cart and spill the food.
malaise [mA5leiz] n.不舒服
an indefinite feeling of debility or lack of
health often indicative of or accompanying the onset of an illness
malaise<>cheerful feeling
不舒服<>愉快的感觉
Synonyms
INFIRMITY ,
debility, decrepitude, disease, feebleness, infirmness, sickliness,
unhealthiness
Sample: She felt a sudden vague malaise
when she heard sounds at the door.
malcontent [5mAlkEntent] adj. 抱不平的,不满的,不服的
dissatisfied with the existing
state of affairs:DISCONTENTED
dilatory:procrastinate=malcontent:complain
拖拉的:耽搁=不满的:抱怨 (同义关系)
daredevil:???=malcontent:dissatisfaction
鲁莽的人:???=不满现状的人:不满意 （人物及其正面特征）
sycophant:fawn=malcontent:complaint
马屁精:拍马=不满者:抱怨 （人物及其特征行为）
Synonyms: GROUCH, complainer, crank, faultfinder, griper,
growler, grumbler, kicker, sorehead
Sample:He was one of the few malcontents
in the Congress; he constantly voiced his objections to the Presidential
program.
malicious [mE5lIFEs] adj. 怀恶意的,恶毒的
given to, marked by, or arising from
malice
malicious:ill will=exaggerating:hyperbole
恶毒的:恶意=夸张的:夸张 （事物及其正面特征）
malicious:ill will=diligent:effort
恶毒的:恶意=勤勉的:努力 （事物及其正面特征）
expansive<>malicious
宽大的<>恶毒的
Synonyms: bitchy, catty, despiteful, evil, hateful, malevolent,
malign, malignant, nasty, rancorous, spiteful, spitish, vicious, wicked
Sample:No computer system is immune to a
virus, a particularly malicious program that is designed to infect and
electronically damage the disks on which data are stored.
malign [mE5laIn] adj. 有害的,恶性的,有恶意的 vt.
诽谤,说坏话
having or showing intense often
vicious ill will:MALEVOLENT
malign:ill will=diligent:effort
有害的:恶意=勤勉的:努力 (正面特征)
extol<>malign
颂扬<>说坏话
laud<>malign
称赞<>诽谤
Synonyms: MALICIOUS, despiteful, evil, hateful, malevolent,
malignant, rancorous, spiteful, vicious, wicked
Sample:Because of her hatred of the
family, she maligns all who are friendly to them.
malinger [mE5lIN^E(r)] v．装病以逃避工作
to pretend incapacity (as illness)
so as to avoid duty or work
parsimonious:skimp=malingering:shirk
吝啬的:吝啬=诈病的:逃避 （行为及其正面特征）
hoard:miser=shirk:malinger
秘藏:守财奴=逃避:装病的人 （人物及其特征动作）【词性不符】
malinger:duty=camoflage/disemble:detection
装病以逃避工作:责任=掩饰:发现
Sample:The captain ordered the sergeant to
punish all malingerers and force them to work.
malleable [5mAlIEb(E)l] adj. 可塑的，易改变的
capable of being altered or controlled by
outside forces or influences
friable:crumble=malleable:alter
易碎的:弄碎=有延展性的:改变 （正面特征）
knead:malleable=penetrate:permeable
揉捏:可延展性的=穿透:能透过的
（动作与正面特征）
malleable:shape=irresolute:opinion
可延展性的:形状=无决断的:主张
（形容词及其修饰的名词）
malleable<>hard
to shape
可延展性的<>难以变形的
calcify<>make
malleable
使钙化<>使有延展性
Synonyms: PLASTIC, adaptable, ductile, moldable, pliable, pliant,
supple
Sample:Gold is a malleable metal.
malodor [mAl`EJdE(r)] n. 恶臭
an offensive odor
cacophony/disconcord:sound=malodor:scent
不愉快的音调:语音=恶臭:气味 （ 事物及其特征方式）
malodorous:smell=cacophony/jarring:sound
恶臭:气味=刺耳的:声音 （ 形容词及其修饰对象）【注:词性不符】
Sample:The component heap was most
malodorous in summer.
mandatory [5mAndEtErI] adj. 命令的,托管的
containing or constituting a
command:OBLIGATORY
mandatory:comply=forbidden:abstain
命令的:服从=禁止的:抑止(程度类比)
discretionary<>mandatory
随意的<>命令的
Synonyms: compulsatory, compulsory, imperative, imperious,
obligatory, required
Sample:Whereas the Elizabethans struggled
with the transition from medieval corporate experience to modern individualism,
we confront an electronic technology that seems likely to reverse the trend,
rendering individualism obsolete and interdependence mandatory.
mangle [5mAN^(E)l] vt.乱砍, 撕裂, 破坏, 毁损, 损坏, 轧布
to spoil, injure, or make incoherent
especially through ineptitude
mangle<>praise extravagantly
毁损<>过分的赞美
Synonyms:
BATTER , maul
Sample:The hospital could not take care of
all who had been mangled or maimed in the railroad accident.
mangy [5meIndVI] adj.(兽)疥癣的, 污秽的
having many worn or bare
spots:SEEDY, SHABBY
mangy<>decorous
低贱的<>有礼貌的
Synonyms: SHABBY, decrepit, down-at-heel, moth-eaten, scruffy, seedy, sleazy,
squalid, tagrag, tattered
Sample:We finally thew out the mangy rug
that the dog had destroyed.
mania [5meInIE] n. 狂躁,热衷,狂热
excessive or unreasonable
enthusiasm
enthusiasm:mania=suspicion:paranoia
热情:狂热=怀疑:偏执狂 （程度类比）
hidebound:conservative=manic:interested/excited
{peeved:annoyed }
死板的:保守的=疯狂的:感兴趣的/激动的 {怨恨的:恼怒的}（程度类比）
mania:enthusiasm=rapacity:covetous
极端狂热的:热情=十分贪婪:贪婪的 （程度类比）
Sample:His maniacal laughter frightened us.
manifest [5mAnIfest] n. 载货单,运货单,旅客名单
a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a
vehicle (as a ship or plane)
census:population=inventory:stock
人口普查:人口数=存货清单:库存(名词及其对象)
inventory:merchandise=manifest:cargo
存货清单:存货=运货单:货物(名词及其对象)
repertoire:performance=manifest:cargo=agenda:meeting
全部剧目列表:演出=运货单:货物=议程:会议 （前者安排后者）
Sample:A clerk checked off the items on the
manifest that she had received.
manifest [5mAnIfest] adj. 显然的,明白的
easily understood or recognized by
the mind:OBVIOUS
manifest/lucid:perceive=transparent:understand
明显的/明晰的:认知=显然的:理解（事物特征及其正面被动行为）
palatable:savory=discernible:manifest
美味的:可口的=可分辨的:明显的 （同义关系）
manifest:perceive=brittle:break
明显的:感觉=易碎的:破碎
（事物特征及其正面行为）
audible:stentorian=discernible:manifest
可听见的:洪亮的=可辨别的:明显的（程度比较）
latent<>menifest
隐藏的<>明显的
occult<>manifest
神秘的<>明白的
Synonyms: CLEAR, apparent, distinct, evident, obvious, palpable,
patent, plain, straightforward, unambiguous
Sample:His evil intentions were manifest
and yet we could not stop him.
manipulate [mE5nIpjJleIt] vt. 操纵,利用,假造,应付
to control or play upon by artful, unfair, or
insidious means especially to one's own advantage
dexterous:manipulate=prescient:predict
{ clairvoyant:oversee }
灵巧的:熟练的操作=预见性的:预言 { 有洞察力的:监视 } (行为及其正面特征)
manipulate<>guileless
假造<>不狡猾的 【词性不符】
Synonyms: beguile, exploit, finesse,
jockey, maneuver, play
Sample:Under ethical guidelines recently
adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated
only to correct diseases for which alternative treatments are unsatisfactory.
mansion [5mAnF(E)n] n. 大厦,邸
a large imposing residence
mansion:residence=limousine:automobile
公馆，大厦:居所=豪华小轿车:汽车（种属关系）
Sample:During his checkered career he had
lived in palatial mansions and in dreary boardinghouses.
manumit [9mAnjJ`mIt] v. 解放（奴隶）
to release from slavery
manumit<>enslave
解放<>奴役
detain<>manumit
拘留<>释放
Synonyms: FREE, discharge, emancipate, liberate, loose, loosen,
release, unbind, unchain, unshackle
Sample:Enlightened slave owners were
willing to manumit their slaves and thus put an end to the evil slavery in the
country.
manuscript [5mAnjJskrIpt] n. 手稿,原稿,底稿
a written or typewritten composition or
document as distinguished from a printed copy; also :a document submitted for publication
archive:manuscript=arsenal:weapon
文件储存室:手稿=军械库:兵器 （事物及其储存地）
Sample:With the help of her editor, she was
able to prune her manuscript into publishable form.
mar [mB:(r)] v.弄坏, 毁坏, 损害
To impair the soundness,
perfection, or integrity of; spoil
burnish:dull=mar:flawless
磨光:暗淡的=破坏:无缺点的
(行为及其消除对象)
mar<>enhance
损坏<>增强
Sample:This final essay, its prevailing
kindliness marred by occasional flashes of savage irony, bespeaks the
dichotomous character of the author.
marsh [mB:F] n. 沼泽,湿地
a tract of soft wet land usually characterized
by monocotyledons (as grasses or cattails)
marsh:sodden=desert:arid
沼泽:湿透的=沙漠:干燥的(事物与正面属性)
marshy<>arid
潮湿的<>干旱的
Synonyms: SWAMP, baygall, bog, fen, marshland, mire, morass,
quag, quagmire, swampland
Sample:Marshes have ponds where ducks and geese
build nests and feed.
marsupial [mB:5su:pIEl] n．adj．有袋动物（的）
any of an order (Marsupialia) of mammals
comprising kangaroos, wombats, bandicoots, opossums, and related animals that
do not develop a true placenta and that usually have a pouch on the abdomen of
the female which covers the teats and serves to carry the young
kangaroo:marsupial=squirrel:rodent
袋鼠:有袋动物=松鼠:啮齿类动物 (种属关系)
Sample:The
most common marsupial in North America is the opposum.
martinet [mBrtn5et] n. 要求严格服从纪律的人
a strict disciplinarian
martinet:discipline=pedant:learning { gourmet:food }
严格的人:纪律=学究:学习 （人物和动作特征）
stickler:exacting=martinet:discipline
坚持者:严格苛求=规律严肃的人:灌输 （ 人:动作行为特征）
martinet:leniency=dabbler:dedication/devoted
严格的人:宽大=业余学者:奉献 （人物及其反面特征）
martinet<>indulgent person
规律严肃的人<>放纵的人
Sample:The commanding officer was a
martinet who observed each regulation to the utter.
marvel [5mB:v(E)l] n.奇迹 v.惊奇
something that causes wonder or
astonishment
marvel<>mean
奇迹<>中庸
pedestrian<>marvelous
平凡的<>非凡的
Synonyms: WONDER, miracle, phenomenon, portent, prodigy,
sensation, stunner
Sample:Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could
draw with incredible virtuosity:his comic strip about Little Nemo was
characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing.
masquerade [mAskE5red] n. 化装舞会，v. 伪装
to assume the appearance of
something one is not
dissemble:information=masquerade:feeling
掩盖, 隐藏:信息事实=伪装:感情（掩饰关系）
Sample:He masquerades as a big businessman, but
he really isn't one.
masticate [5mAstIkeIt] vt.vi. 咀嚼
to grind or crush (food) with or as if with
the teeth in preparation for swallowing:CHEW
lung:respire=tooth:masticate
{eye:envision,ear:resonate}
肺:呼吸=牙齿:咀嚼 （人体器官及其作用）
Synonyms: CHEW, champ, chomp, chumble, chump, crunch, munch,
ruminate, scrunch
Sample:We must masticate our food
carefully and slowly in order to avoid digestive disorders.
matriculate [mE5trIkjJleIt] vt. 准许入学,录取
to enroll as a member of a body and especially
of a college or university
inauguration:official=matriculation:student
官员就职:官员=学生入学:学生（人及其正面特征行为）
inception:termination=matriculation:graduation
起初:结束=入学:毕业（时间前后的对应）
commencement<>matriculation
毕业典礼<>学生入学
Sample:She
matriculated into the state university last fall.
mattress [5mAtrIs] n. 床垫,空气垫,沉床
a fabric case filled with resilient material
(as cotton, hair, feathers, foam rubber, or an arrangement of coiled springs)
used either alone as a bed or on a bedstead
tablecloth:table=sheet:mattress
桌巾:桌子=床单:床垫 （覆盖关系）
Sample:I like a
firm mattress to support my back.
maudlin [5mC:dlIn] adj. 容易流泪的,感伤的,醉后好哭的
weakly and effusively sentimental
mawkish/maudlin:sentiment=pedantic:scholarship
感情脆弱的:多愁善感=书生气的:学识 （人物个性特征）
maudlin:sentimental=obsequious:deferential
感情脆弱的:多愁善感的=谄媚的:尊敬的 （褒贬程度类比）
maudlin:sentimental=peeved:annoyed
感情脆弱的:多愁善感的=气恼的:苦恼的 （褒贬程度类比）
maudlin<>jovial
感伤的<>高兴的
Synonyms: SENTIMENTAL, bathetic, lovey-dovey, mawkish, mushy,
romantic, slushy, sticky, tear-jerking
Sample:I do not like such maudlin
pictures. I call them tearjerkers.
maven [`meIvIn] n. ((口语))专家,行家
one who is experienced or
knowledgeable:EXPERT
maven:experience=luminary:eminence=augur:prediction
专家:经验=权威者:显赫=预言者:预言（人及其正面特征）
Synonyms: EXPERT, adept, authority, master, past master,
professional, proficient, virtuoso
Sample:He is a computpresumptiveer maven.
maverick [5mAvErIk] n. 未烙饲主印记的小牛,不服从的人
an independent individual who does not go along
with a group or party
dissenter:orthodox=maverick:group
持异义者:正统=离经叛道者:团体（背离关系）
maverick<>follower
不服从的人<>从者
maverick<>conform to tradition
不服从的人<>遵从传统
Sample:With its maverick approach to the
subject, Shere Hite's book has been more widely debated than most; the media
throughout the country have brought the author's controversial opinions to the
public's attention.
mawkish [5mC:kIF] adj. 自作多情的，令人作呕的
sickly or puerilely sentimental m
mawkish/maudlin:sentiment=pedantic:scholarship
感情脆弱的:多愁善感=书生气的:学识 （人物具有的特征）
mawkish:sentimental=peeve:annoy
让人厌恶的:多愁善感=使怒:使苦恼 (同义关系)
mawkish:sentimental=gullible:trust
自作多情的:感伤的=易上当的:信任 （程度类比）
stodgy:conservative=mawkish:sentimental
古板的:保守的=过份敏感的:敏感的（褒贬程度类比）
mawkish<>unsentimental
自作多情的<>不动情感的
Synonyms: SENTIMENTAL, bathetic,
lovey-dovey, maudlin, mushy, romantic, slushy, sticky, tear-jerking
Sample:Your mawkish sighs fill me with
disgust.
meager [5mi:^E(r)] adj. 贫乏的,不毛的,瘦的
deficient in quality or quantity
unpleasure:repugnant=scanty:meager
不愉快:不愉快的=不足的:缺乏的 （同义关系） 【注：词性不符】
amplitude<>meagerness
丰富<>贫乏
liberal<>meager
慷慨的<>贫乏的
Synonyms: exiguous, poor, scant, scanty,
scrimp, scrimpy, skimp, skimpy, spare, sparse
Sample:The powers and satisfactions of
primeval people, though few and meager, were commensurate with their few and
simple desires.
mean [mi:n] adj. 低劣的,卑贱的,卑鄙的,麻烦的,简陋的,吝啬的,惭愧的,中间的
PENURIOUS, STINGY
mean:prodigality=meek:arrogance
吝啬的:挥霍=谦恭的:自大 (反义关系)
lavish<>mean
浪费的<>吝啬的
mean<>noble
卑贱的<>高贵的
Sample:During dry periods, poor farmers can lead a
mean existence.
meander [mi5AndE] v.漫止, 蜿蜒而流
a winding path or course; especially : LABYRINTH
Synonyms
WANDER,
drift, gallivant, ramble, range, roam, rove, stray, traipse, vagabond
Sample: It is difficult to sail up this
stream because of the way it meanders through the countryside.
measly [5mi:zlI] adj. 患麻疹的,低贱的
contemptibly small
measly:contemptibly=puny:weakly
低贱的:下贱地=微小的:微弱地 （形容词与名词的同义关系）
measly<>grand
低贱的<>极重要的
Synonyms: PETTY, niggling, paltry,
pettifogging, picayune, picayunish, piddling, puny, trifling, trivial
Sample:Although the incidence of cases of measles
has declined, researchers fear that eradication of the disease, once believed
to be imminent, may not come soon.
measured [5meVEd] adj.标准的, 整齐的, 有规则的
marked by
due proportion
measured<>inappropriate
整齐的<>不适当的
mechanical [mI5kAnIk(E)l] adj.机械的, 机械制的, 机械似的, 呆板的
，体力的
Performed or
performing in an impersonal or machinelike manner; automatic
mechanical<>emotional
呆板的<>易动感情的 【 注:也可以解释为:体力的<>情感的】
Sample:Although hampered by optical and mechanical flaws, the orbiting Hubble space telescope has relayed extraordinary images of distant sidereal bodies.
meddle [5med(E)l] vi. 干涉,干预,乱搞
to interest oneself in what is not one's
concern:interfere without right or propriety
officious:meddle=disaffected:rebel
多管闲事的:干涉=有叛意的:造反（人物个性及其特征动作）
meddlesome:pry=contentious:argue
多管闲事的:探察=好争吵的:争吵（人物个性及其特征行为）
attentive:meddlesome=envious:jealous
注意的:多管闲事的=羡慕的:嫉妒的 （程度褒贬类比）
Synonyms: busybody, butt in, fool, horn in, interfere, interlope,
intermeddle, mess around, monkey (with), tamper (with)
Sample:He felt his marriage was suffering
because of his meddlesome mother-in-law.
media [`mi:dIE] n. 媒体,培养基
a nutrient system for the artificial
cultivation of cells or organisms and especially bacteria
plantation:tobacco=media:bacteria
耕地:烟草=培养基:细菌 （事物及其生长地）
mediate [5mi:dIeIt] vt.居中斡旋
to interpose between parties in
order to reconcile them
intercessor:mediate=translator:interpret/augur:prediction
仲裁者:调解=翻译:解释/占卜者:预言(人物及其本征动作) 【注:词性不符】
mediation:compromise=prosecution:conviction
调停:妥协=起诉:定罪 (动作及其结果)
Synonyms: INTERPOSE, intercede, interfere, intermediate,
intervene, step in