list 16 intimidate --- lectern

list 16 intimidate --- lectern

intimidate [In5tImIdeIt] vt. 威胁,恐吓,胁迫

to make timid or fearful:FRIGHTEN; especially:to compel or deter by or as if by threats

sycophant:flattery=extortionist:intimidation

奉承者:奉承=敲诈勒索者:恐吓(人物及其特征动作)

dauntless:intimidate=irrepressible:restrain

大胆的:使害怕=抑制不住的:抑制（人物特征及其反面被动行为）

bully:intimidate=stupid:gullibility

欺凌弱小者:威吓=笨人:轻信（人物及其特征行为）

intimidate:trepidation=??

威吓:颤抖=?? （行为及其结果）

sabotage:subvertness=bull:intimidation { dupe:duplicity }

阴谋破坏:颠覆=暴力强迫:胁迫（行为及其目标）

cowardice:intimidate=perplexed:obfuscate

懦弱:胁迫=困惑的:使模糊（事物个性及其被动特征）【注:词性不符】

cowardice:intimidate=choler:antagonize

懦弱:胁迫=愤怒:使敌对（事物个性及其被动特征）

blandishment:coax＝threat:intimidate

哄骗:哄骗=威胁:胁迫（事物及其表达的含义）

squander:expend=coercion:intimidate

浪费:花费=威压:胁迫（过分与正常）

Synonyms: bludgeon, bluster, browbeat, bulldoze, bully, bullyrag, cow, dragoon, hector, strong-arm, terrorize

Sample:At first, I found her gravity rather intimidating; but, as I saw more of her, I found that laughter was very near the surface.

intransigent [In5trAnsIdVEnt] adj．不妥协的，固执的

refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude:UNCOMPROMISING

firm:intransigent=concerned:obsessed

坚定:不妥协=关注:入迷(动作及其特征)

intransigent:acquiesce=deferential:offend

不妥协的:默许=恭敬的:冒犯(动作及其反面特征)

ephemeral:abide=intransigent:yield

短暂的:坚持=不妥协的:屈服（行为及其反面特征）

intransigent<>open to compromise

固执的<>妥协

tractable<>insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

易改变的<>不妥协的/固执的/无法修正的/固执的

pliant<>intransigence/intractable

柔顺的<>固执的/无法修正的

amenable<>intransigent

服从的<>不妥协的

intransigent<>docile

不妥协的<>温顺的

Synonyms: OBSTINATE, incompliant, intractable, pertinacious, self-willed, tough, stubborn, willful, unpliable, unyielding

Sample:That his intransigence in making decisions brooked no open disagreement from any quarter was well known; thus, clever subordinates learned the art of intimating their opinions in casual remarks.

intrepid [In5trepId] adj. 无畏的，刚毅的

characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance

genteel:vulgarity=intrepid:fear

优雅的:粗俗=无畏:害怕(反义关系)

intrepid:deter=rapt:distract

无畏:害怕=入神:分心(反义关系)

timorous<>intrepid

胆怯的<>无畏的

Synonyms: BRAVE, audacious, bold, courageous, dauntless, fearless, unafraid, undaunted, valiant, valorous

Sample:For his intrepid conduct in battle, he was promoted.

intricacy [5IntrIkEsI] n. 纷乱,复杂,错综

the quality or state of being intricate

chiaroscuro:contrast=filigree:delicacy={tapestry:intricacy }

用明暗对照法绘的图画:对照=织绵:复杂（物品及其特征关系）　

【注:已经由机考判分数据确认准确答案:chiaroscuro:contrast=filigree:delicacy 】

Sample:One of archaeology's central dilemmas is how to reconstruct the intricacies of complex ancient societies from meager and often equivocal physical evidence.

intrigue [5Intri:^] vt.激起...的兴趣, 用诡计取得

to arouse the interest, desire, or curiosity of

interesting:intriguing=bootless:futile

有趣的:有趣的=无用的:无用的（同义关系）

pall<>interest/intrigue

厌倦<>兴趣

Sample:Perhaps because scientists have been so intrigued by dogs’ superior senses of smell and hearing, researchers have long underestimated their eyesight, assuming that they inhabit a drab, black-and-white world, devoid of color.

intrinsic [In5trInsIk] adj. 固有的，内在的

belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing

Synonyms: INHERENT, built-in, congenital, connate, constitutional, deep-seated, elemental, essential, indwelling, innate

Sample:The pressure of populating on available resources is the key to understanding history; consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of demographic facts is intrinsically flawed.

intuition [Intju:5IF(E)n] n.直觉, 直觉的知识

The act or faculty of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes; immediate cognition.

extraneous<>intuitive

外来的<>天生的

Sample:She claimed to know the truth by intuition.

inure [I5njJE(r)] vt. 使习惯

to accustom to accept something undesirable

inured:tolerance=addicted:dependency

使习惯:容忍=迷恋:依赖(程度类比)

Synonyms: ACCUSTOM, familiarize, habituate, use, wont

Sample:Employees had become so inured to the caprices of top management's personnel policies that they greeted the announcement of a company-wide dress code with impassivity.

invective [In5vektIv] n.痛骂；恶意抨击

of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse

exhortation:motivate=invective:discredit

劝告:促进=恶意抨击:轻视(动作及其表现)

polemic:disputatious=invective:abusive

论战的:争论=谩骂的:谩骂(行为及其正面特征)

invective<>flatter

谩骂的<>奉承

Synonyms: ABUSIVE, contumelious, opprobrious, scurrile, scurrilous, truculent, vituperative, vituperatory, vituperous

Sample:He had expected criticism but not the invective that greeted his proposal.

inveigh [In5veI] vi. 痛骂,漫骂,臭骂

to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently:RAIL

inveigh<>verbally provide support

漫骂<>口头支持

Synonyms: OBJECT, except, expostulate, kick, protest, remonstrate

Sample:He inveighed against the demagoguery of the previous speaker and urged that the audience reject his philosophy as dangerous.

inveigle [In5veI^(E)l] v. 诱骗，诱使

to win over by wiles:ENTICE

plot:plan=inveigle:interest

密谋:计划=诱骗:使感兴趣(褒贬类比)

inveigle<>request directly

诱骗<>直接要求

Synonyms: LURE, allure, bait, decoy, entice, entrap, lead on, seduce, tempt, toll

Sample:She was inveigled into joining the club after an initial reluctance.

inventory [5InvEntC:rI] n. 详细目录，存货清单

an itemized list of current assets:as a catalog of the property of an individual or estate

census:population=inventory:stock

人口普查:人口数=存货清单:库存(名词及其对象)

inventory:merchandise=manifest:cargo

存货清单:存货=运货单:货物(名词及其对象)

Sample:We must wait until we deplete our present inventory before we order replacements.

investigate [In5vestIgeIt] v.调查

to make a systematic examination; especially:to conduct an official inquiry

cavil:criticize=probe:investigate

吹毛求疵的:非难=探索:调查(程度类比)

Synonyms: EXPLORE, delve (into), dig (into), go (into), inquire (into), look (into), probe, prospect, sift

Sample:To test the efficacy of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simply investigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be utilized by the other.

inveterate [In5vetErEt] adj. 根深的,成癖的,积习的

firmly established by long persistence

inveterate<>uninitiated {youthful}

根深蒂固的<>无经验的{年轻的}

inveterate<>one-time { casual }

根深的,成癖的<>一次，偶尔

【注:此题争议较大。笔试9910的第一个Verbal的第37题！题目的答案casual ，选项中无 one-time 。2000/06机考增加 one-time 选项，与casual同时出现，并且已经由机考数据确认one-time为正确答案】

Synonyms: bred-in-the-bone, confirmed, deep-dyed, deep-rooted, deep-seated, dyed-in-the-wool, entrenched, hard-shell, irradicable, settled, sworn

Sample:What is most important to the monkeys in the sanctuary is that they are a group; this is so because primates are inveterately social and build their lives around each other.

invidious [In5vIdIEs] adj．惹人反感的，招人嫉妒的

tending to cause discontent, animosity, or envy

invidious<>beneficial

惹人反感的<>有益的

Synonyms: LIBELOUS, calumnious, defamatory, detracting, detractive, detractory, maligning, scandalous, slanderous, vilifying

Sample:We disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was.

invigorate [In5vI^EreIt] v. 鼓舞，激励

to give life and energy to:ANIMATE; also:STIMULATE

conducive:foment=tonic:invigorate

助长的:煽动=滋补的:使健壮(因果关系)

tonic:invigorate=analgesic:deaden

滋补的:使健壮=止痛的:使麻木(因果关系)

debilitate<>invigorate{enervate<>invigorate/ enfeeble<>invigorate}

使衰弱<>使健壮

demoralize　<>invigorate { ameliorate }

士气受挫<>鼓舞【此题有争议】

emaciate<>invigorate

使憔悴<>鼓舞

sap<>invigorate

使衰竭<>鼓舞

soporific<>invigorating

催眠的<>令人鼓舞的

Synonyms: STRENGTHEN, energize, fortify, reinforce

Sample:The tonic water invigorated her, contrary to the enervating effect of the alcohol.

invincible [In5vInsIb(E)l] adj.不能征服的, 无敌的

Incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable.

invincible:conquer=negligible:perceive

不能征服的:征服=可以忽略的:察觉（事物特征及其反面被动行为）

Synonyms: impregnable, inconquerable, indomitable, inexpugnable, invulnerable, unassailable, unbeatable, unconquerable, undefeatable

Sample:Superman is invincible.

inviolate [In5vaIElEt]adj. 未亵渎的,未受侵犯的,无污点的

not violated or profaned; especially :PURE

pierce:impenetrable=profane:inviolable

刺透:不能穿透的=亵渎:不可亵渎的(不容易实现)

penetrate:impermeable=profane:inviolable

穿透:不能透过的=亵渎:无法亵渎的（形容词与动词的反义关系）

inviolable<>profane/impure

未亵渎的,无污点的<>亵渎/不纯的

Synonyms: SACRED, inviolable, sacrosanct

Sample:My garden is inviolate; children and dogs must stay out of it.

invoice [5InvCIs]n. 发票，装货清单

a consignment of merchandise

consignment:invoice=??

托运，寄售:装货清单=??( 装货清单是托运，寄售过程中的记录)

Synonyms: BILL, account, reckoning, score, statement, tab

Sample:Our company sends invoices to customers after they order from us.

invoke [In5vEJk]vt. 祈求,恳求,引起,援引,实行

to put into effect or operation:IMPLEMENT

invoke<>suspend

实行<>暂停

Synonyms: BEG, appeal, beseech, crave, entreat, implore, importune, plead, pray, supplicate

Sample:She invoked her advisor's aid in filling out her financial aid forms.

invulnerable [In5vQlnErEb(E)l]adj. 无法伤害的

incapable of being wounded, injured, or harmed

euphemism:offend=invulnerable:injure

婉转的话:冒犯=无法伤害的:伤害（行为及其反面特征）

untenable:defense=invulnerable:injury

不能防守的:防守=不受伤害的:伤害（行为及其反面特征）

Synonyms: INVINCIBLE, impregnable, inconquerable, indomitable, inexpugnable, unassailable, unbeatable, unconquerable, undefeatable

Sample:Achilles was invulnerable except in his heel.

irascible [I5rAsIb(E)l] adj. 易发怒的.

marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger

irascible:placate=insensate:conscious

易怒的:安抚=没感觉:有意识的（反义关系）【注:词性不符】

affable<>irascible

和蔼的<>易怒的

Synonyms: choleric, cranky, cross, hot-tempered, ireful, passionate, peppery, quick-tempered, ratty, temperish, testy, tetchy, touchy

Sample:Her irascible temper frightened me.

irate [aI5reIt] adj. 发怒的,生气

arising from anger

gush:effusive=rage:irate

喷涌:流出的=暴怒:愤怒的（形容词与动词的同义关系）

Synonyms: ANGRY, choleric, ireful, mad, waxy, wrathful, wrathy, wroth, wrothful

Sample:When John's mother found out that he had overthrown his checking account for the third month in a row, she was so irate that she could scarcely speak to him.

iridescence [9IrI`desLns] n. 彩虹色

a lustrous rainbowlike play of color caused by differential refraction of light waves (as from an oil slick, soap bubble, or fish scales) that tends to change as the angle of view changes

iridescent<>monochromatic

彩色<>单色

Sample:She admired the iridescent hues of the oil that floated on the surface of the water.

irk [\:k] v．使苦恼，厌烦．

to make weary, irritated, or bored

irk<>make someone pleased

使不愉快<>使愉快

irk<>cause to pleased

使苦恼<>使高兴

irk<>gratify

使苦恼<>使满足

Synonyms: ANNOY, abrade, bother, exercise, fret, gall, provoke, ruffle, vex

Sample:He found working on the assembly line irksome because of the monotony of the operation he had to perform.

ironclad [aIEn5klAd] adj. 坚固的，装铁甲的

so firm or secure as to be unbreakable:as a:BINDING

jammed:full=ironclad:firm

拥挤:满的=装甲的:坚固（程度类比）

Synonyms: INFLEXIBLE, constant, fixed, immovable, immutable, inalterable, invariable, unalterable, unchangeable, unmodifiable

Sample:We wanted an ironclad agreement, in writing, before we bought the house.

irony [5aIErEnI] n.反话, 讽刺, 讽刺之事

a pretense of ignorance and of willingness to learn from another assumed in order to make the other's false conceptions conspicuous by adroit questioning

Sample:Copyright and patent laws attempt to encourage innovation by ensuring that inventors are paid for creative, so it would be ironic if expanded protection under these laws discouraged entrepreneurial innovation by increasing fears of lawsuits.

irradicable [I`rAdIkEbl] adj.不能根除的, 根深蒂固的

impossible to eradicate : DEEP-ROOTED

ineffable:description=irradicable:obliterate

不能说的:描述=不能根除的:删除（事物特征及其反面被动行为）

incorrigible:amend=irradicable:remove

无可救药的:改正=不能根除的:移动（事物特征及其反面被动行为）

Synonyms: INVETERATE, confirmed, deep-dyed, deep-rooted, deep-seated, dyed-in-the-wool, entrenched, hard-shell, settled, sworn

irreducible [IrI5dju:sIb(E)l] adj. 不能复归的,不能削减的,不可约的

impossible to transform into or restore to a desired or simpler condition

factorable<>irreducible

可约的<>不可约的(数学概念)

irrelevant [I`relEvEnt] adj. 不恰当的,无关系的,不相干的

not relevant:INAPPLICABLE

apropos<>irrelevant { straight, uniform, symmetrical }

恰好的<>不相关的 {直的 , 统一的 , 对称的 }

Synonyms: extraneous, foreign, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, irrelative

Sample:Because modern scientists find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as only of historical interest.

irresolute [I5rezElu:t]adj. 无决断的,优柔寡断的,踌躇不定的

uncertain how to act or proceed: VACILLATING

circuitous:directness=irresolute:decision

迂回的:直接=犹豫不决的:决定（形容词与名词的反义关系）

demur:doubt=waver:irresoluteness　

反对:怀疑＝不安:动摇（动作及其内心表达）

pertinacious<>irresolute

固执的<>犹豫不决的

irresolution<>determination

无决断力<>决定

adamant<>irresolute

固执的◇犹豫不决的

Synonyms: VACILLATING, faltering, halting, hesitant, shilly-shallying, tentative, uncertain, vacillatory, wiggle-waggle, wobbly

Sample:She had no respect for him because he seemed weak-willed and irresolute.

irreverent [I5revErEnt] adj. 不敬的,不逊的,无礼的

lacking proper respect or seriousness; also :SATIRIC

awe<>irreverence

敬畏<>不尊敬

irreverent<>respectful

不尊敬的<>尊敬的

Synonyms: IMPIOUS, irreverential, profane, ungodly, unhallowed, unholy

Sample:The worshippers resented her irreverent remarks about their faith.

irritate [5IrIteIt] n. 刺激,烦恼,刺激物

to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in:ANNOY

antidote:poisoning=balm:irritation

解毒物:毒=温和物质:刺激物 (名词反义关系)

haunt:familiar/similarity=harass:irritating

常去的地方:熟悉=烦扰:烦人的（同义关系）

balm<>irritant

温和的<>刺激的

salve<>irritant

药膏<>刺激物

allay<>irritate

使镇静,使缓和<>刺激

Synonyms: aggravate, burn (up), exasperate, gall, get, grate, huff, inflame, nettle, peeve, pique, provoke, put out, rile, roil

Sample:Although Tom was aware that it would be impolitic to display annoyance publicly at the sales conference, he could not hide his irritation with the client's unreasonable demands.

issue [5Isju:] n.出版, 发行, (报刊等)期、号, 论点, 问题, 结果

a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties

debate:issue=bargain:price

争论:议题=讨价还价:价钱（动作及对象）

repartee:retort=debate:issue {advisement:product }

灵巧的反驳:反驳<>正式辩论:辩论（种属关系）

stanza:line=volume:issue

诗的一节:一行=一卷:一期（部分和整体的关系）

episode:series=issue:periodical

一段情节:连续，系列=出版一期:期刊（部分和整体的关系）

Sample:Although normally diffident, Alison felt so strongly about the issue that she put aside her reserve and spoke up at the committee meeting.

issue [5Isju:] vt. 使流出,放出,发给,发布

the act of publishing or officially giving out or making available

issue<>withdraw

发行<>撤销

Synonyms: SPRING, arise, birth, derive (from), emanate, flow, originate, proceed, rise, stem

Sample:Between 1941 and 1945, the White House issued news about the war nearly every day.

isthmus [5IsmEs] n．地峡

a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

isthmus:land=strait:water

地峡:陆地=海峡:水（连接关系）

Sample:In a magnificent feat of engineering, Goethals and his men cut through the isthmus of Panama in constructing the Panama Canal.

itinerant [i5tinErEnt] adj.巡回的

traveling from place to place; especially : covering a circuit

phlegmatic:stolid=peripatetic:itinerant

冷静的:不易激动的=走来走去的:巡回的（同义关系）

Synonyms ambulant, ambulatory, deambulatory, itinerate, nomadic, perambulant, perambulatory, peripatetic, roving, vagabond, vagrant, wandering, wayfaring

Sample: He was an itinerant peddler and traveled through Pennsylvania and Virginia

selling his wares.

jabber [5dVAbE(r)] v. 快而不清楚地说

to talk rapidly, indistinctly, or unintelligibly

jabber<>speak slowly

快而不清楚地说<>慢慢地说

Synonyms: GIBBER, babble, chatter, gabble

Sample:Some people jabber about nothing.

jaded [5dVeIdId] adj．疲惫的，厌倦的

fatigued by overwork:EXHAUSTED

overexposure:jaded=vaccination:immune

曝光过度:厌倦=疫苗接踵:免疫（动作因果关系）

jaded<>keen

厌倦的<>热心的

Synonyms: TIRED ,clapped-out, fatigued, wearied, weary, worn, worn-down, worn-out

Sample:He looked for exotic foods to stimulate his jaded appetite.

jam [dVAm] adj. 拥塞

fatigued by overwork:EXHAUSTED

jammed:full=ironclad:firm

拥挤:满的=装甲的:坚固 (程度类比)

Synonyms: PRESS, bear, crowd, crush, push, squab, squash, squeeze, squish, squush

Sample:Throngs of shoppers jammed the aisles.

jape [dVeIp] n/v. 戏言,笑料,嘲弄

to make mocking fun of

revere<>jape at

尊敬<>嘲笑

Synonyms: JOKE, crack, drollery, gag, jest, quip, waggery, wisecrack, witticism

jar [dVB:(r)]vi. 震惊,冲突,发刺耳声,不一致

to make a harsh or discordant sound

malodorous:smell=cacophony/jarring:sound

恶臭:气味=刺耳的:声音（形容词及其修饰对象）【注:词性不符】

penetrate:deflated=jar:unsettled

穿透:漏气的=震动:没固定的（因果关系）

melodious<>jarring

音调优美的<>不和谐的

Sample:She moved her chair backwards, and it jarred against the wall.

jargon [5dVB:^En] n.行话

The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.

vernacular:place=jargon:profession

方言:地方=行话:行业（语言及其所适用范围）

Synonyms: DIALECT , argot, cant, lingo, patois, patter, slang, vernacular

Sample:The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal delicacy and continued in a cloud of euphemism as impenetrable as language and literature, skillfully used, could make it.

jaundice [5dVC:ndIs] n. 黄疸,偏见,乖僻 vt.使患黄疸, 使怀偏见

a state or attitude characterized by satiety, distaste, or hostility

jaundice<>dispose favorably

使怀偏见<>好意的处理

jaundiced<>unprejudiced/candid

有偏见的<>公正的

Sample:She gazed at the painting with jaundiced eyes; she knew it was better than hers.

jaunty [5dVC:ntI] adj．愉快的，满足的

sprightly in manner or appearance:LIVELY

staid<>jaunty

Sample:In Singing in the Rain, Gene Kelly sang and danced his way throughtthe lighthearted title number in a properly jaunty style.

jazz [dVAz] n. 爵士乐,喧闹

American music developed especially from ragtime and blues and characterized by propulsive syncopated rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, varying degrees of improvisation, and often deliberate distortions of pitch and timbre

portrait:painting=jazz:music

肖像画:画=爵士乐:音乐（种属关系）

jealous [5dVelEs]adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的

having to do with or arising from feelings of envy, apprehension, or bitterness

attentive:meddlesome=envious:jealous

注意的:多管闲事的=羡慕的:嫉妒的（程度褒贬类比）

Sample:We disregarded her invidious remarks because we realized how jealous she was.

jejune [dVI5dVu:n] adj. 空洞的，不成熟的

devoid of significance or interest:DULL

labyrinthine:simplicity=jejune:interest

迷宫:简单的=内容空洞的:有趣的（名词和形容词的反义关系）

jejune<>thought provoking

内容空洞的<>促人思考的

Synonyms: JOKE, crack, drollery, gag, jape, quip, waggery, wisecrack, witticism, yak

jest [dVest] n. v. 说笑，玩笑

an utterance (as a jeer or quip) intended to be taken as mockery or humor

jest<>solemnity

玩笑<>严肃

jest<>solemn utterance

玩笑<>严肃的话

Synonyms: JOKE, crack, drollery, gag, jape, quip, waggery, wisecrack, witticis

Sample:I said you look terrible in jest; actually, you look very pretty.

jettison [5dVetIs(E)n] n.投弃, 投弃货物

to get rid of as superfluous or encumbering : DISCARD

jettison<>retain

丢弃<>保留

Synonyms: DISCARD, abdicate, cashier, cast, junk, reject, scrap, shed, slough, throw away

Sample: In order to enable the ship to ride safely through the storm, the captain had to jettison much of his cargo.

jibe [dVaIb ] vi.嘲笑, 与...一致, 使转向

to be in accord: AGREE

cheer:encourage=jibe:deride　

欢呼激励:鼓舞=嘲笑:嘲笑（同义关系）

jibe<>conflict

与...一致<>冲突

Synonyms: AGREE, accord, conform, correspond, dovetail, fit (in), go, harmonize, square, tally

Sample:What he says happened does not jibe with what others say.

jingoist [5dViN^Euist] n. 侵略主义者 , 【盲目的】爱国主义者

extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy

nepotism:kinship=jingoist:nationality

偏袒亲戚:亲戚=沙文主义:国家（动宾关系）

dove<>warmonger/jingoist

鸽派（爱好和平的）<>鹰派（喜欢战争的）

Sample:We must be careful to prevent a spirit of jingoism from spreading at this time.

jitter [5dVItE(r)] vi. 神经过敏,战战兢兢

to be nervous or act in a nervous way

jittery<>resolute

战战兢兢<>坚定的

Sample:He has the jitters about going to a job interview.

jocund [5dVRkEnd] adj. 快乐的，高兴的

marked by or suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness

jocund<>dreary

欢乐的<>沉闷的，阴郁的

jocund<>morose

欢乐的<>郁闷的

dour<>jocund

阴郁的<>欢乐的

jocund<>serious

欢乐的<>严肃的

dejected<>jocund

沮丧的 <> 欢乐的

jovial<>lachrymose

快活的<>悲哀的

Synonyms: MERRY, blithe, blithesome, festive, gay, gleeful, jolly, jovial, lighthearted, mirthful

Sample:Santa Claus is always vivacious and jocund.

jog n. 轻推,轻撞,漫步

a movement, pace, or instance of jogging (as for exercise)

jog:exercise=barter:trade

慢跑:运动=以物易物:交易（种属关系）

Sample:I go for a jog every evening.

joke [dVR^] n. 笑话,玩笑,笑柄

something said or done to provoke laughter; especially :a brief oral narrative with a climactic humorous twist

joke:punch line=plot:denouement

笑话:妙语=情节:结局 (事物及其关键点)

Sample:When the firm's president married the director of financial planning, the office joke was that it wasn't a marriage, it was a merger.

jolt [dVEJlt] vi. 颠簸而行,震摇

to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion

jolt:move=check:stop

使颠簸:运动=使突然停止:停止（动作程度类比）

Synonyms: SHOCK, startle

Sample:If you stick s.t. into an electrical socket, you will get a jolt.

jot [dVRt] vt. 略记,摘要记载下来

to write briefly or hurriedly:set down in the form of a note

nip:eat=jot:write

小口吃:吃=略记:记下（前者是后者的小量）

Synonyms: PARTICLE, atom, bit, grain, iota, minim, modicum, speck, tittle, whit

Sample:I jotted down her name and telephone number.

jovial [5dVEJvIEl] adj. 快活的

markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality

jovial<>mournful

愉快的<>哀伤的

saturnine<>jovial

忧郁的<>欢愉的

maudlin<>jovial

伤感的<>欢愉的

jovial<>morose

快活的<>郁闷的

jovial<>drab

快活的<>单调的

joviality<>moroseness

快活<>郁闷

lugubrious<>jovial

悲惨的<>快活的

dolorous<>jovial

忧伤的<>愉快的

Synonyms: MERRY, blithe, blithesome, festive, gay, gleeful, jocund, jolly, lighthearted, mirthful

Sample:A frown seemed out of place on his invariably jovial face.

jubilant [5dVu:bIlEnt] adj. 欢呼的,喜洋洋的

EXULTANT

dolorous<>jubilant

悲哀的<>欢呼的

Synonyms: EXULTANT, cock-a-hoop, cock-a-whoop, exulting, triumphal, triumphant

Sample:There was great jubilitation when the armistice was announced.

judicious [dVu:5dIFEs] adj. 头脑精明的,贤明的,判断正确的

having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment:DISCREET

miser:stingy=sage:judicious

吝啬鬼:小气=贤人:明智的（人物及其正面特征）

constant:stalwart=judiciousness:sage

不变的事物:坚定的=明智的:贤明的（人物与正面特征关系）

daft<>judicious

愚蠢的<>聪明的

politic<>injudicious { officious }

慎重的<>欠思考的 {多管闲事的}

judicious<>imprudent

判断正确的<>轻率的

Synonyms: WISE, judgmatic, prudent, sage, sane, sapient, sensible

Sample:At a key moment in his life, he made a judicious investment that was the foundation of his later wealth.

juggernaut [5dVQ^EnC:t]n. 印度神克利须那神像，象征骇人的（毁灭）力量将其道路上的每样东西碾碎或者似乎要碾碎的一种势不可挡的向前移动的力量

a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path

juggernaut:unstoppable=enigma:impenetrable

印度教主神像:无法阻碍的=迷一样的:难以理解的(事物及其正面特征)

juggernaut:unstoppable=extemporization:spontaneous {boast:dishonest}

摧毁一切的强大力量:无法阻止的=即席演说:自发的（事物及其正面特征）

siren:unresist=juggernaut:unstop

海妖:无法抗拒的=印度神克利须那:无法阻止的（人物及其正面特征）

juggernaut:crush=charlatan:deceive

印度神克利须那:碾碎=江湖骗子:行骗(人物及其特征行为)

juggernaut:stoppable=exacting:satisfied

摧毁一切的强大力量:可阻止的=苛求的：使满意的（事物及其反面特征）

Sample:Nothing could survive in the path of the juggernaut.

jumble [`dVQmbl]vi. 搀杂,混杂

to mix into a confused or disordered mass

mixture:jumble=??

混杂:混杂=??（同义关系）

Synonyms: CONFUSE, foul up, mix up, muddle, snarl up, tumble

Sample:He does not understand; he has the instructions all jumbled up.

justify [5dVQstIfaI] vt. 替...辩护,证明

to prove or show to be just, right, or reasonable

justify<>argue against

证明<>反对

Synonyms: MAINTAIN, argue, assert, claim, contend, defend, vindicate, warrant

Sample:The law justifies killing s.o. to defend oneself.

juxtapose [dVQkstE5pEJz] vt. 并置,并列

to place side by side

Sample:Comparison will be easier if you juxtapose the two objects.

kangaroo [kAN^E5ru:] n. 袋鼠

any of various herbivorous leaping marsupial mammals (family Macropodidae) of Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands with a small head, large ears, long powerful hind legs, a long thick tail used as a support and in balancing, and rather small forelegs not used in progression

kangaroo:marsupial=squirrel:rodent

袋鼠 :有袋类动物=松鼠:啮齿类动物（种属关系）

Sample:Baby kangaroos live in a pocket or “pouch” on their mothers' stomachs.

ken [ken] n. 视野范围,知识范围,见地

the range of vision

earshot:hear=ken:see

　　听力范围:听=视力范围:看（感官及其范围）

Synonyms: horizon, purview, range, reach

Sample:I cannot answer your question since this matter is beyond my ken.

kindle [`kIndl] vt.点燃 vi.着火

to stir up:AROUSE

extinguish<>kindle

熄灭<>点燃

ignite<>extinguish

点燃<>熄灭

extinguish<>rekindle

熄灭<>重新点燃

kindle<>squelch

激发<>压制

Synonyms: STIR, arouse, awaken, bestir, challenge, rally, rouse, wake, waken, whet

Sample:Neither the ideas of philosophers nor the practices of ordinary people can, by themselves, transform reality; what in fact changes reality and kindles revolution is the interplay of the two.

kindred [5kIndrId] adj.同族的, 同类的, 血缘的, 类似的

of a similar nature or character:LIKE

kindred<>dissimilar

相似的<>不相似

Synonyms: RELATED, affiliated, agnate, akin, allied, cognate, connate, connatural, consanguine, incident

Sample:Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn were two kindred spirits.

kink [kINk] n. 纽结,蜷缩,颈

a short tight twist or curl caused by a doubling or winding of something upon itself

Sample:My project is almost done, but it still has some kinks in it.

knack [nAk]n.诀窍, 技能,对某事，尤其是难以解释或教导的事的特殊才能

a clever trick or stratagem

knack<>foolish

诀窍<>愚蠢

Synonyms: ABILITY, command, expertise, expertism, expertness, know-how, mastership, mastery, skill

Sample:He has a knack for getting the baby back to sleep; when he holds the baby, she stops crying and falls asleep.

knave [neIv] n.流氓，恶棍不道德的狡猾的人

a tricky deceitful fellow

sage:judgement=knave:deceive

贤哲:判断=骗子:行骗（人物及其特征行为）

Synonyms: VILLIAN, blackguard, heel, lowlife, miscreant, rascal, rogue, scoundrel

knead [ni:d] vt. 揉,按摩,捏制

to work and press into a mass with or as if with the hands

knead:malleable=penetrate:permeable

　　　　　　　　　揉:可塑的=渗:可渗透的（动词和形容词的同义关系）

Sample:Her hands grew strong from kneading bread.

knit [nIt] v.编织, 密接, 结合

to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles

ravel<>knit

解开<>编织

Sample:Whenever David worries, his brow knits in a frown.

knotty [5nRtI] adj. 有结的,多节的,多瘤的,棘手的

marked by or full of knots; especially :so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to defy solution

knotty<>easy

棘手的<>容易的

knotty<>simple

棘手的<>简单的

Synonyms: COMPLEX, Byzantine, complicated, daedal, elaborate, gordian, intricate, involved, labyrinthine, sophisticated

Sample:What to Watson had been a knotty problem to Sherlock Holmes was simplicity itself.

kudos [5ku:dRs] n.名望, 荣誉, 声誉

fame and renown resulting from an act or achievement:PRESTIGE

kudos<>disparage

荣誉<>失去荣誉【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: HONOR, accolade, award, badge, bays, decoration, distinction, laurels

Sample:The singer complacently received kudos on his performance from his entourage.

labile [ `leIbaIl] adj.易变的，不稳定的

readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change or breakdown:UNSTABLE

labile<>stable

不稳定的<>稳定的

Sample:Because the hormonal changes they undergo affect their spirits, adolescents may become emotionally labile and experience sudden shifts of mood.

labored [5leIbEd] adj. <动作、呼吸等> 困难的,痛苦的;缓慢的

lacking ease of expression

glib<>labored

流利善辨，灵牙利齿<>费力的说或做

Synonyms: HARD, arduous, difficult, effortful, heavy, laborious, operose, strenuous, toilsome, uphill

Sample:After she climbed the stairs, her breathing was labored.

labyrinth [5lAbErInW] n. 迷宫,难解的事物,迷路

something extremely complex or tortuous in structure, arrangement, or character:INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY

labyrinthine:simplicity=jejune:interest

迷宫:简单的=内容空洞的:有趣的（名词和形容词的反义关系）

threadbare/timeworn:novelty=labyrinthine:directness

过时的/陈旧的:新鲜=迷宫的:直接（形容词和名词的反义关系）

ribald:seemly=labyrinthine:direct

下流的:适宜的=迷宫似的:直接的（反义关系）

Synonyms: MAZE, jungle, knot, mesh, mizmaze, morass, skein, snarl, tangle, web

Sample:Tom and Becky were lost in the labyrinth of secret caves.

laconic [lE5kRnIk] adj. （用字）简洁的

using or involving the use of a minimum of words:concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious

audacious:trepidation=laconic:volubility

大胆的(鲁莽的):胆怯=简洁的:冗长（形容词与名词的反义关系）

dexterous:inept=voluble:laconic

灵巧的：笨拙的=多话的:简短的(反义关系)

laconic<>loquacious/voluble

简洁的<>多话的

laconism<>verbosity

简洁的<>罗嗦的

voluble<>taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

口若悬河的<>沉默的/简洁的/简洁的/沉默的

Synonyms: CONCISE, breviloquent, brief, compendiary, compendious, curt, short, short and sweet, succinct, terse

Sample:For someone as laconic as she, who preferred to speak only when absolutely necessary, his relentless chatter was completely maddening.

lacrimose [5lAkrimEus] adj. 爱哭的, 悲戚的 (lachrymose)

weeping or inclined to weep; tearful

lacrimose<>gladness

悲伤<>快乐

jovial<>lachrymose

快活的<>悲哀的

Sample: His voice has a lachrymose quality that is more appropriate at a funeral than a class reunion.

Synonyms: TEARFUL, teary, weeping, weepy

lambaste [lAm5beIst] vt. 痛打,严责

to attack verbally:CENSURE

Synonyms: BEAT, baste, drub, hammer, paste, pelt, pound, pummel, thrash, wallop

Sample:It was painful to watch the champion lambaste his opponent, tearing into him mercilessly.

lamentable [5lAmEntEb(E)l] adj. 令人惋惜的，悔恨的

expressing grief:MOURNFUL

lamentable:pity=responsible:censure

令人惋惜的:可惜=应该责斥的:责斥（动宾关系特征）

celebration:lamentful=slight:show respect

庆祝:不高兴的=鄙视:尊敬（反义关系）

exultation<>lamentation

得意<>悲伤

Synonyms: MELANCHOLY, doleful, dolesome, dolorous, lugubrious, mournful, plaintive, rueful, sorrowful, woeful

Sample:Even advocates of the war lamented the loss of so many lives in combat.

lampoon [lAm5pu:n] n．讽刺文章v．讽刺

a harsh satire usually directed against an individual

panegyric:eulogize=lampoon:satirize

颂词:赞扬=讽刺文章:讽刺（同义关系）

satire:lampoon=diligence:effort

讽刺:讽刺=勤奋:努力（同义关系）

paean<>harshly lampoon

颂歌<>尖刻的讽刺

Sample:The magazine's lampoon of the rock star was very funny.

landfill [`lAndfIl] n.垃圾堆

a system of trash and garbage disposal in which the waste is buried between layers of earth to build up low-lying land

cistern:liquids=landfill:refuse

水池:液体=垃圾堆:垃圾（事物及存储场所）

Sample:The landfills in many big cities are already full.

landlord [5lAndlC:d] n. 房东,地主

the owner of property (as land, houses, or apartments) that is leased or rented to another

Sample:The landlord of our apartment building is a huge real estate company.

landslide [5lAndslaId] n. 山崩, 崩塌的泥石

the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope; also :the mass that moves down

droplet:deluge=pebble:landslide

水滴:大洪水=小石头:山崩（大小程度关系）

Sample:A landslide blocked the coastal road.

languid [5lAN^wId] adj. 没精打采的，怠倦的

drooping or flagging from or as if from exhaustion:WEAK

desultory:plan=languid:energy

散漫的:计划=疲倦的:精力（事物及其反面特征）

languid:stir=arrogant:defer

无精打采的:刺激=傲慢的:服从（人物特征及其反面行为）

languid<>energetic

懒散的<>有精力的

vivacious<>languid

快活的<>没精打采的

vehement<>languid

激烈的<>无精打采的

effervescent<>languid

生气勃勃，兴奋的<>没精打采的

Synonyms: die-away, enervated, lackadaisical, languishing, languorous, limp, listless, spiritless

Sample:Her siege of illness left her languid and pallid.

languish [5lAN^wIF] v．衰弱，变得消瘦

to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated

languish<>thrive

萧条，衰败<>欣欣向荣

Synonyms: FAIL, decline, deteriorate, fade, flag, weaken

Sample:In stories, lovelorn damsels used to languish and pine away.

languor [5lAN^E(r)] n.衰弱无力

listless indolence or inertia

languor<>thrive

衰弱<>兴旺【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: LETHARGY, coma, dullness, hebetude, lassitude, sleep, slumber, stupor, torpidity, torpor

Sample:His friends tried to overcome the languor into which he had fallen by taking him to parties and to the theater.

lank [lANk] adj. 瘦削的，稀疏的

not well filled out:SLENDER, THIN

lank<>stalwart

虚弱<>强壮

Synonyms: LEAN, angular, bony, gaunt, lanky, rawboned, scraggy, scrawny, skinny, spare

Sample:Lank, gaunt, Abraham Lincoln was a striking figure.

lapse [lAps] n. 过失,流逝,失效

a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention

lapse:error=misbehavior:criminality

小过错:错误=小过错:犯罪（程度类比）

misdemeanor:crime=lapse:error

轻罪:罪行=小错:错误（程度类比）

Synonyms: ERROR , blooper, blunder, boner, bull, bungle, fluff, mistake, slip, trip

Sample:It was a lapse on his part when he forgot to pay the rent.

larder [5lB:dE(r)] n. 食物贮藏室,食品橱

a place where food is stored:PANTRY

larder:food=wardrobe:clothes

　　　　　　　　　食物柜:食物=衣柜:衣物 (物及场所存储关系)

larder:provisions=vault:valuables

　　　　　　　　　食物柜:粮草=地窖:财富 (物及场所存储关系)

warehouse:merchandise=larder:food

仓库:商品=食品库:食品（事物及其储藏地点）

largesse [lB:5dVes] n．慷慨援助，施舍

liberal giving (as of money) to or as if to an inferior; also :something so given

largesse<>parsimony

慷慨赠与<>小气

largesse<>penurious

慷慨赠与<>贫穷的【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: GIFT, benevolence, boon, favor, present

Sample:Famous among job seekers for its largesse, the company, quite apart from generous salaries, bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such perquisites as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.

lariat [5lArIEt] n. 套索

a long light rope (as of hemp or leather) used with a running noose to catch livestock or with or without the noose to tether grazing animals:LASSO

lariat:wrangler=crook:shepherd

套索:牧马者=牧杖:牧羊者（职业及其工具）

Sample:Cowboys carry lariats on their saddles.

lash v. 鞭打，抽打，猛烈甩动，捆扎，绑紧；n. 抽打，鞭挞

to bind with or as if with a line

lash<>unbind

捆住<>解开

Synonyms: RUSH, boil, bolt, charge, chase, dash, fling, race, shoot, tear

Sample:Sailors lashed down boxes with strong ropes before the storm.

lassitude [lAF] n．无力，没精打采

a condition of weariness or debility:FATIGUE

arrogance:defer=lassitude:stir

傲慢:服从=疲倦的:激起（人物特征及其反面行为）

lassitude<>vim/animation

倦怠<>活力/精力

lassitude<>verve

疲乏<>活力

lassitude<>effervesce

疲乏<>兴奋

laxity<>intensification

松弛<>激烈

lassitude<>vitality/ebullience{jocular,incisive}

疲倦<>活力/热情

Synonyms: FATIGUE, exhaustion, tiredness, weariness

Sample:The hot, tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged drowsiness.

latent [5leItEnt] adj.潜伏的，潜在的

present and capable of becoming though not now visible, obvious, or active

latent<>menifest

潜在的<>明显的

Synonyms: abeyant, dormant, lurking, potential, prepatent, quiescent

Sample:Her latent talent was discovered by accident.

lathe [leIT] n. 车床,陶器,镟床

lathe:shape=clasp:fasten

车床:加工外形:钩，扣:扣住（工具及其功用）

Synonyms: abeyant, dormant, lurking, potential, prepatent, quiescent

Sample:He makes machine parts on a <n.> lathe.

latitude [5lAtItju:d] n.纬度, 范围, (用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由

Freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations.

latitude<>strict limitation

(行动或言论)自由<>严格的限制

latitude<>tightly restrained

(行动或言论)自由<>严格的限制

latitude<> (tightly)constrained

自由<>被限制的 [注：词性不符]

Sample:Even though in today's Soviet Union the leaders of the Muslim clergy have been accorded power and privileges, the Muslim laity and the rank-and-file clergy still have little latitude to practice their religion.

laudatory [5lC:dEtC:rI] adj. 赞美的,赞赏的

of, relating to, or expressing praise

consel:advice=laud:homage

劝告:建议=赞美:敬意（动词和名词的同义关系）

execrable<>commendable/laudable

极坏的<>赞扬的

pejorative<>laudatory

贬低的<>赞美的

laud<>malign

称赞<>诽谤

Synonyms: EULOGISTIC, encomiastic, laudative, panegyrical, praiseful

Sample:The critics' laudatory comments helped to make her a star.

lavish [5lAvIF] adj. 浪费的；过度的

expended or produced in abundance

excoriate<>extol/praise lavishly

痛斥，责骂<>赞扬/高度赞扬

lavish<>mean

浪费<>吝啬

lavish<>stint

浪费<>吝啬

penurious<>lavish

吝啬<>浪费

impecunious<>lavish/prosperous

贫穷的<>过分丰富的/繁荣的

lavish<>economical

浪费的<>节约的

lavish<>hoard

浪费的<>储藏

lavish<>austere

浪费的<>朴素的

lavish<>parsimonious

浪费◇吝啬

lavish<>mean

浪费的<>吝啬的

Synonyms: PROFUSE, exuberant, lush, luxuriant, opulent, prodigal, profusive, riotous

Sample:In most Native American cultures, an article used in prayer or ritual is made with extraordinary attention to and richness of detail:it is decorated more lavishly than a similar article intended for everyday use.

leaven [5lev(E)n] vt. 使发酵,影响

to raise (as bread) with a leaven

distill:purity=leaven:volume

蒸馏:纯度=发酵:体积（动作及其对象）

Sample:As bread dough is leavened, it puffs up, expanding in volume.

lectern [5lekt(E)n] n. 诵经台

a stand used to support a book in a convenient position for a standing reader; especially :one from which scripture lessons are read in a church service

Sample:The chaplain delivered his sermon from a hastily improvised lectern.