list 15 inanimate --- intimate

list 15 inanimate --- intimate

inanimate [In5AnImEt]adj. 无生命的

not animated or lively:DULL

ephemeral:enduring=inanimate:living

短暂的:持久的=无生命的:活的（反义关系）

Synonyms: DEAD, asleep, cold, deceased, defunct, departed, exanimate, extinct, late, lifeless

Sample:she was asked to identify the still and inanimate body.

inaugurate [I5nC:^jJreIt]v. 举行就职典礼，开创

to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies

inaugurate:president=install:official=crown:king

举行就职典礼:总统=使就职:公务员=加冕:国王（行为及其对象）

inauguration:official=matriculation:student

就职:公务员=入学:学生

cease<>inaugurate/commencement

终止，终了<>举行就职典礼，开创/开始

Synonyms: begin, commence, start, initiate, usher in

Sample:The candidate promised that he would inaugurate a new nationwide health care plan as soon as he was inaugurated as president.

incandescent [InkAn5des(E)nt] adj.遇热发光的, 白炽的

strikingly bright, radiant, or clear

incandescent<>dull

白炽的<>阴暗的

Synonyms: BRIGHT, beaming, brilliant, effulgent, fulgent, lambent, lucent, luminous, radiant, refulgent

Sample:If you leave on an incandescent light bulb, it quickly grows too hot to touch.

incantation [7inkAn5teiFEn] n.咒语,口头禅,套话

a conventionalized utterance repeated without thought or aptness; a formula

talisman:object=incantation:utterance

护身符:物品=口头禅:话（种属关系）

Synonyms： SPELL, charm, conjuration, devil-devil, rune

Sample: Uttering incantations to make the brew more potent, the witch doctor stirred the liquid in the caldron.

incarnate [5InkB:neIt] vt.体现, 使具体化, 使成化身 adj.化身的, 人体化的, 肉色的

invested with bodily and especially human nature and form

incorporeal<>incarnate

无实体的<>人体化的

Synonyms: EMBODY, exteriorize, externalize, manifest, materialize, objectify, personalize, personify, personize, substantiate

Sample:Your attitude is so fiendish that you must be a devil incarnate.

incendiary [In5sendIerI] adj. 放火的,煽动的,教唆的

of, relating to, or involving a deliberate burning of property

insurgent:rebel=incendiary:agitate

叛乱的:叛乱=煽动的:煽动（行为及其怎正面特征）

Synonyms: INFLAMMATORY

Sample:The fire spread in such an unusual manner that the fire department chiefs were certain that it had been set by an incendiary.

incense [In`sens] v. 用香焚,使发怒

to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of

propitiate<>incense

劝解<>激怒

Synonyms: ANGER, enrage, infuriate, ire, mad, madden, steam up, umbrage

Sample:The child's lies incensed his babysitter so much that she slapped him.

inception [In5sepF(E)n] n．开端，开始，取得学位

an act, process, or instance of beginning:COMMENCEMENT

inception:termination=matriculation:graduation

起初:终止=入学:毕业（反义关系）

Synonyms: origin, source, root

Sample:She was involved with the project from its inception.

incessant [In5sesEnt] adj. 不断的,不绝的,无尽的

continuing or following without interruption:UNCEASING

incessant<>interrupted

不断的<>中断的

Synonyms: continual, continuous, constant, perpetual,perennial

Sample:The crickets kept up an incessant chirping that disturbed our attempts to fall asleep.

inch [IntF] v. 慢慢前进,慢慢移动

to move by small degrees:progress slowly

inch:move=drawl:speak

慢慢移动:移动=懒洋洋地说:说(程度类比)

accrete:grow=inch:advance

增长:生长=慢慢前进:前进 (种属关系)

accrete:growth=inch:advance

增长:生长=慢慢前进:前进 (种属关系)

inch:advance=seep:flow

慢慢移动：前进=渗漏：流动（慢与正常）

Sample:Fearing detection by the sentries on duty, the scout inched his way toward the enemy camp with great stealth.

inchoate [5InkEJEt] adj．刚开始的，未发展的

being only partly in existence or operation; especially :imperfectly formed or formulated:FORMLESS

immature:developed=incipient/inchoate:realized

未完全发展的:完全发展的=初始的/未形成的:形成的（反义关系）

inchoate<>explicit

不完全的<>明确的

Synonyms: INCOHERENT, disconnected, discontinuous, disjointed, disordered, incohesive, muddled, unconnected, uncontinuous, unorganized

Sample:Before the Creation, the world was an inchoate mass.

incinerate [In5sInEreIt] vi.把...烧成灰, 烧弃

to cause to burn to ashes

singe:incinerate=erode:destruction

烧焦:烧成灰烬=腐蚀:毁灭（程度类比）

Sample:Huge bombs incinerated the enemy village.

incipient [In5sIpIEnt] adj. 起初的,发端的,初期的

beginning to come into being or to become apparent

immature:developed=incipient/inchoate:realized

不成熟的:成熟的=开始的:完成的（反义关系）

incipient:realized=tangible:indefinite { moribund:dead }

开始的:完成的=切实的:不确定的 (反义关系)

incipient:realized=hypothetical:proven

初始的:被实现的=假说的:被证明的（反义关系）

incipient<>full-blown/full realized

初期的<>成熟的/完全实现的

incipience<>full-blown

开端<>完全发展

Synonyms: INITIAL, beginning, inceptive, initiative, initiatory, introductory, nascent

Sample:Within the next decade, sophisticated telescopes now orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are moving, forestalling the incipient rift among geologists about the validity of the theory of continental drift.

incisive [In5saIsIv] adj. 敏锐的,机敏的,锋利的,切入的

impressively direct and decisive (as in manner or presentation)

Synonyms: biting, clear-cut, crisp, cutting, ingoing, penetrating, trenchant

Sample:His incisive remarks made us see the fallacy in our plans.

incite [In5saIt] v 激发，刺激

to move to action:stir up:spur on:urge on

exhortation:motivate=persiflage:incite

劝告:促进=恶意抨击:轻视(动作及其表现)

instigator:incite=bully:browbeat

煽动者:煽动=侍强凌弱的人:恫吓（人物及其特征行为）

incite<>pacify

煽动<>抚慰

incitant<>insensible

刺激的<>无知觉的

assuage<>incite

缓和<>煽动

mollify<>incite to anger

安抚<>惹怒

Synonyms: instigate, abet, foment

Sample:The demogogue incited the mob to take action into its own hands.

inclement [In5klemEnt] a．（天气）严酷的，严厉的

lacking mildness:as severe in temper or action:UNMERCIFUL

inclemency:evade=??

险恶，严酷:逃避=?:?（因果关系）

draconian:inclemency=fret:vexation

严峻的:严酷=（使)烦恼:烦恼（同义关系）【注:词性不符】

inclement<>balmy

险恶的，严酷的<>温和的

inclement<>mild

严酷的<>温和的

Synonyms: SEVERE, bitter, brutal, hard, harsh, intemperate, rigorous, rugged

Sample:I like to read a good book in inclement weather.

incogitant [In`kCdVItEnt] adj. 『罕』无思想的; 粗心的; 不体谅的

THOUGHTLESS, INCONSIDERATE

incogitant:thoughtful=restive:calm

粗心的:深思的=不安的:安静的（形容词的反义关系）

incogitant:thoughtfulness=restive: calmness

粗心的:深思=不安的:安静（行为及其反面特征）

Synonyms: RASH , brash, hasty, hotheaded, ill-advised, inconsiderate, mad-brained, reckless, thoughtless, unadvised

incongruent [In`kCN^rJEnt] adj. 不协调的,不和谐的; 不合适的

not superposable so as to be coincident throughout，not congruent

incongruent:conform=recalcitrant:obey

不协调的:顺从=反对的:顺从（形容词与动词的反义关系）

incongruent:conform=scatter:overlap

不协调的:一致=分散的:重叠（形容词与动词的反义关系）

Synonyms: INCONSONANT , conflicting, disconsonant, discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incompatible, incongruous, inconsistent, unmixable

Sample:There is something incongruous about the way the building of monasteries proliferated in eighteenth-century Bavaria, while in the rest of the Western world religious ardor was diminishing and church building was consequently declining.

inconsequential [InkRnsI5kwenF(E)l] adj. 不合逻辑的,不合理的,不重要的

of no significance:UNIMPORTANT

apocalyptic:prophetic=inconsequential:illogical

启示录的:预言的=不符合逻辑的:不符合逻辑的（同义关系）

crucial<>inconsequential

重要的<>不重要的

immaterial<>consequential

不重要的<>重要的

Synonyms: PETTY, inconsequent, inconsiderable, measly, paltry, picayune, picayunish, small, trifling, trivial

Sample:While admitting that the risks incurred by use of the insecticide were not inconsequential, the manufacturer's spokesperson argued that effective substitutes were simply not available.

incontrovertible [9InkCntrE`v\:tEbl] adj. 无争论余地的,无疑的,明白的

not open to question:INDISPUTABLE

incontrovertible:disputed=untenable:defended{ravenous:satisfied} {intrepid:feared}

无疑的:争议=无法抵抗的:防卫{贪得无厌的:满足} {无畏的:恐惧}(动作及其反面特征)

incontrovertible:disputed=matchless:equaled

无疑的:争议的=无法比拟的:相等的（反义关系）

controvert<>substantiate

争论<>证实

liken<>controvert

比拟<>反驳

Synonyms: POSITIVE, certain, incontestable, indisputable, indubitable, uncontestable, undeniable, undisputable, unequivocal, unquestionable

Sample:We must yield to the incontrovertible evidence that you have presented and free your client.

incorrigible [In5kRrIdVIb(E)l] adj. 无药可救的,积习难改的,固执的

incapable of being corrected or amended UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE

incorrigible:amend=irradicable:remove

无可救药的:改正=不能根除的:移动（事物特征及其反面被动行为）

tractability<>incorrigibility

温顺<>固执

tractable<>incorrigible

温顺的<>固执的

Sample:Though Widow Douglass hoped to reform Huck, Miss Watson pronounced him incorrigible and said he would come to no good end.

incriminate [In5krImIneIt] vt. 归罪,使负罪,控告

to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or fault

incrimination<>exoneration

使负罪<>免罪

exonerate<>incriminate

免罪<>控告

Synonyms: ACCUSE, arraign, charge, criminate, impeach, inculpate, indict, tax

Sample:The witness's testimony against the racketeers incriminates some high public officials as well.

inculcate [5InkQlkeIt] vt. 教授,谆谆教诲,教育

to teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions

Synonyms: IMPLANT, infix, inseminate, instill

inculpate [5InkQlpeIt] vt. 使负罪,控告,使连累

INCRIMINATE

exonerate<>inculpate

免罪<>控告

absolve<>inculpate

赦免<>使负罪

exculpate<>inculpate

使无罪<>使负罪

Synonyms: ACCUSE, arraign, charge, criminate, impeach, incriminate, indict, tax

incursion [In5k\:F(E)n] n．侵犯，入侵

a hostile entrance into a territory:RAID

incursion<>retreat

入侵<>撤退

Synonyms: INVASION, foray, inroad, irruption, raid

Sample:The nightly incursions and hit-and-run raids of our neighbors across the border tried the patience of the country to the point where we decided to retaliate in force.

indefatigable [IndI5fAtI^Eb(E)l] adj. 不知疲倦的,有耐性的,不屈不挠的

incapable of being fatigued:UNTIRING

Synonyms: inexhaustible, tireless, unflagging, untiring, unweariable, unwearying, weariless

Sample:He was indefatigable in his constant efforts to raise funds for the Red Cross.

indelible [In5delIb(E)l] adj. 擦试不掉的，不可磨灭的

UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE

indelible:forget=astounding:expect

不可磨灭的:忘记=吃惊的:预期(形容词与动词反义关系)

indelibility<>erasability

不可磨灭<>擦掉

indelible<>erasable

去不掉的<>可抹去的

Synonyms: ineffaceable, ineradicable, inerasable, inexpungible, inextirpable, uneradicable, unerasable

Sample:Her intelligence makes an indelible impression on others.

indemnity [In5demnItI] n. 赔偿,补偿,保护

security against hurt, loss, or damage

mollification:soothe=indemnity:secure

减轻:缓和=保护:使安全 (动作及其目的)

Sample:The city will indemnify all home owners whose property is spoiled by this project.

Synonyms: REPARATION, amends, compensation, indemnification, quittance, recompense, redress, reprisal, restitution

indict [In5daIt] vt. 起诉,控告,指控

to charge with a crime by the finding or presentment of a jury (as a grand jury) in due form of law

indict:accuse=sanction:approve

起诉:被告=批准:确认(因果关系)

absolve<>indict

赦免<>起诉

Synonyms: ACCUSE, arraign, charge, criminate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate, tax

Sample:If the grand jury indicts the suspect, he will go to trial.

indifferent [In5dIfrEnt] adj. 漠不关心的,无重要性的,中立的

marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern for something:APATHETIC

embrace:affection=shrug:indifference

拥抱:爱=耸肩:漠不关心(动作体现情感)

avid<>indifferent

热心的<>漠不关心

fervor<>indifferent

热情<>冷漠

zealot<>indifference

狂热<>不关心

enraptured<>indifferent

狂喜的<>默然的

Synonyms: ACCUSE, arraign, charge, criminate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate, tax

Sample:The philosopher claimed that a person who must consciously overcome his or her own indifference before helping another is behaving more nobly than one whose basic disposition allows such an act to be performed without deliberation.

indigenous [In5dIdVInEs] adj．土产的，本地的

having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment

exotic<>indigenous

异国的<>本地的

indigenous<>nonnative

本地的<>异国的

indigenous<>foreign

本地的<>外国的

Synonyms: INNATE , congenital, connate, connatural, inborn, inherited, native, natural, unacquired

Sample:Tobacco is one of the indigenous plants that the early explorers found in this country.

indigent [5IndIdVEnt] adj. 贫乏的,穷困的

suffering from indigence:IMPOVERISHED

indigent:wealth=redundant:indispensability

贫乏的:富裕=多余的:不可缺少 (形容词和名词的反义关系)

indigent<>affluent

贫乏的<>富裕

Synonyms: POOR, destitute, dirt poor, impecunious, impoverished, necessitous, needy, penniless, penurious, poverty-stricken

Sample:Neither the economists nor the political scientists have found a way to wipe out the inequities of wealth and eliminate indigence from our society.

indispensability n. 不可缺少

absolutely necessary:ESSENTIAL

indigent:wealth=redundant:indispensability

贫乏的:富裕=多余的:不可缺少(形容词和名词的反义关系

indispensable<>trivial

不可缺少的<>微不足道的

indoctrinate [In5dRktrIneIt] v．灌输思想

to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments:TEACH

stickler:exacting=pedagogue:indoctrinate

完美主义者:苛求的=教育者:灌输(人物及其特征行为)

Sample:The Marines indoctrinate new soldiers into the ways of military life.

indolent [5IndElEnt] adj. 懒惰的，懒洋洋的

averse to activity, effort, or movement:habitually lazy

rectitude:transgress=keen:obtuse{ impeccable:flaw=indolent:stir}

正直:违法=锋利:钝的{无瑕的:缺点=懒惰:激动}{事物及其反义关系}

indolent:shirk=miserly:hoard

懒惰的:逃避=吝啬的:密藏

Synonyms: LAZY, drony, easygoing, faineant, slothful, slowgoing, work-shy

Sample:People should not be praised for their virtue if they lack the energy to be wicked; in such cases, goodness is merely the effect of indolence.

inducement [In5dju:smEnt] n．引诱物

a motive or consideration that leads one to action or to additional or more effective actions

inducement<>deterrent

引诱<>制止

Sample:After the quarrel, Tina said nothing could induce her to talk to Tony again.

indulgent [In5dQldV(E)nt] adj. 纵容的,任性的,放纵的

indulging or characterized by indulgence; especially:LENIENT

abstemious:indulge=austere:decorate

节制的:放纵的=朴素的:装饰(反义关系)

glutton:overindulgence=ascetic:self denial

暴食:放纵=禁欲:自我约束(人物及其正面特征)

indulge:adherent=slovenly:dapper

放纵:信徒=不修边幅的:衣冠楚楚的（反义关系）【注:对应不工整，词性不符】

appetite:indulge=??

欲望:放纵=??

spartan<>sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious

节俭<>放纵的/放纵的/好酒色的/豪华,放纵的

draconian<>indulgent/mild

严肃<>放纵

martinet<>indulgent person

严守纪律者<>放纵的人

indulgent<>ascetic

放纵<>自我约束

Synonyms: FORBEARING, charitable, clement, easy, lenient, merciful, tolerant

Sample:The indulgent parents spoil their children by giving in to their every whim.

indurate [5IndjJEreIt] vt. 使坚固,变坚固,使硬化

to make hard

indurate<>soften

使坚固<>使软化

Synonyms: HARDEN, cake, concrete, congeal, dry, set, solidify

ineffable [In5efEb(E)l]adj.不能说的, 不应说出的, 避讳的

incapable of being expressed in words : INDESCRIBABLE

ineffable:description=irradicable:obliterate

不能说的:描述=不能根除的:删除（事物特征及其反面被动行为）

Synonyms: UNUTTERABLE, incommunicable, indefinable, indescribable, inenarrable, inexpressible, undescribable, unexpressible, unspeakable, untellable

Sample: Such ineffable joy must be experienced; it cannot be described.

ineluctable [InI5lQktEb(E)l] adj．难免的，不能逃避的

not to be avoided, changed, or resisted:INEVITABLE

impervious:penetrate=ineluctable:avoid{untenable:defend}

透不过的:穿透=不能逃避的:逃避{无法抵抗的:防卫}(动作及其反面被动特征)

serendipitous:effort=ineluctable:chance

善于挖宝(有发掘天赋的):努力=不能逃避的:偶然(事物及其反面特点)

implacable:propitiate=ineluctable:avoid

不可平息的:平息=不可避免的:避免(形容词与动词的反义关系)

insufferable:tolerate=ineluctable:avoid

无法忍受的:忍受=无法避免的：避免(形容词与动词的反义关系)

Synonyms: INEVITABLE, certain, ineludible, inescapable, inevasible, necessary, returnless, unavoidable, unescapable, unevadable

Sample:He felt that his fate was ineluctible and refused to make any attempt to improve his lot.

inept [I5nept] adj.不适当的, 无能的, 不称职的, 笨拙的,毛手毛脚的；无能的

generally incompetent:BUNGLING

dexterous:inept=voluble:laconic

灵巧的：笨拙的=多话的:简短的(反义关系)

finesse<>ineptitude

灵巧<>愚笨

inept<>judicious

愚笨的<>明智的

proficient<>inept

精通的<>无能的

masterful<>inept

技术精湛的<>笨拙的

deft<>inept

熟练<>笨拙

Synonyms: AWKWARD, bumbling, clumsy, gauche, halting, ham-handed, lumbering, maladroit, unhandy, wooden

Sample:Inept as a carpenter, Ira was all thumbs.

inert [I5n\:t] adj. 惰性的，行动迟钝的

deficient in active properties; especially:lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action

ephemeral:endure=inert:react {ineffectual:proceed}

生命短暂的:耐久=惰性的:反应（难以关系）

persistence:vacillate=inertia:react

坚持:犹豫=惯性:反应 (反面特征)

inertia<>activity

惰性的<>活力

reactant<>inert material

反应物<>惰性物质

inert<>active

惰性的<>充满活力

inert<>dynamic

惰性的<>充满活力

Synonyms: INACTIVE, asleep, idle, passive, quiet, sleepy

Sample:Our inertia in this matter may prove disastrous; we must move to aid our allies immediately.

inevitable [In`evItEbl] adj. 不可避免的,必然的

incapable of being avoided or evaded

ineluctable/inevitable:avoid=untenable:defend

透不过的:穿透=不能逃避的:逃避{无法抵抗的:防卫}(动作及其反面特征)

Synonyms: certain, ineluctable, ineludible, inescapable, inevasible, necessary, returnless, unavoidable, unescapable, unevadable

Sample:If the state government’s latest budget problems were anomalous, it would not be useful to employ them as illuminating examples in the effort to avoid the inevitable effects of shortsighted fiscal planning in the future.

inexorable [In5eksErEb(E)l] adj. 无情的,冷酷的,不屈不挠的

not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty:RELENTLESS

inexorable:dissuasion=indomitable:conquest

无法说服的:说服=无法征服的:征服(形容词和名词反义关系)

inexorable<>relenting

冷酷的<>怜惜的

Synonyms: INFLEXIBLE , adamant, dogged, obdurate, relentless, rigid, single-minded, unbending, uncompromising, unyielding

Sample:After listening to the pleas for clemency, the judge was inexorable and gave the convicted man the maximum punishment allowed by law.

infamy [5InfEmI] n. 声名狼藉,出丑

evil reputation brought about by something grossly criminal, shocking, or brutal

infamy<>good repute

Synonyms: DISGRACE, discredit, disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, ignominy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, shame

Sample:Jesse James was an infamous outlaw.

infatuate [In5fAtjJeIt] vt. 使迷恋,使糊涂

to cause to be foolish:deprive of sound judgment

sabbatical:leave=flattering:infatuation

节假日的:外出=讨人喜欢的:迷恋 (因果关系)

odium<>infatuation

憎恨<>迷恋

Synonyms: INFATUATED, besotted, dotty, enamored

Sample:He was infatuated with (or) by a model one week, an artist the next.

infer [In5f\:(r)] vt. 推论出,推断

GUESS, SURMISE

tacit:infer=encoded:decode

沉默:推断=编码:解码

Synonyms: collect, conclude, deduce, deduct, derive, dope out, draw, gather, judge, make

Sample:We must be particularly cautious when we infer that a person is guilty on the basis of circumstantial evidence.

inferno [In5f\:nEJ] n．火海，地狱般的场所

a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell

fire:inferno=storm:hurricane

火:火海=暴风:飓风(程度)

Synonyms: HELL, abyss, blazes, Gehenna, hades, netherworld, perdition, pit, Sheol, Tophet

Sample:They could think of no way to hinder his infernal scheme.

infiltrate [in5filtreit] v.渗透, 秘密潜入

to pass (troops, for example) surreptitiously into enemy-held territory

infiltrate:enter=conspire:plan

秘密潜入:进入=阴谋:计划（行为及其特殊方式）

stalk:follow=infiltrate:enter

暗中追踪:跟随=秘密潜入:进入（行为及其特殊方式）

Synonyms INSINUATE, edge in, foist, work in, worm

Sample: In order to infiltrate enemy lines at night without being seen, the scouts darkened their faces and wore black coveralls.

infinite [5InfEnIt] adj.无穷的

immeasurably or inconceivably great or extensive: INEXHAUSTIBLE

infinite:exhaust=discrete:overlap

无穷的:用尽=离散的:重叠(事物及反面特点)

unique:precedent=infinite:end

独一无二:前例=无穷的:结束(事物及反面特点)

Synonyms: eternal, illimitable, perdurable, sempiternal, supertemporal

Sample:In the nineteenth century, novelists and unsympathetic travelers portrayed the American West as a land of unremitting adversity, whereas promoters and idealists created a compelling image of a land of infinite promise.

infirm [In5f\:m] adj. 弱的,虚弱的,柔弱的

of poor or deteriorated vitality; especially:feeble from age

hale<>infirm

强壮的<>柔弱的

Synonyms: WEAK, decrepit, feeble, flimsy, fragile, frail, unsound, unsubstantial, weakly

Sample:Her greatest infirmity was lack of willpower.

inflame [In5fleIm] v. 使燃烧，激怒（某人）

to excite to excessive or uncontrollable action or feeling

assuage<>inflame

缓和<>激怒

subdue<>inflame

减弱<>激怒

Synonyms: IRRITATE, aggravate, burn (up), gall, get, grate, provoke, put out, rile, roil

Sample:In response to the follies of today's commercial and political worlds, the author does not express inflamed indignation, but rather affects the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.

infelicitous [InfI5lIsItEs] adj. 不幸的,不吉的,不适当的

not appropriate in application or expression

happy<>infelicitous

恰当<>不适当

Synonyms: awkward, graceless, ill-chosen, inept, unfortunate, unhappy

influx [5InflQks] n. 涌入

a coming in

exodus<>influx

大批外出<>涌入

Synonyms: inflow, influxion, inpour, inpouring, inrush

Sample:The influx of refugees into the country has taxed the relief agencies severely.

infuse [In5fju:z] vt.灌输, 注入, 沏或泡(茶、药等), 浸渍, 鼓舞

INSPIRE, ANIMATE

inspire:infuse=obliterate:remove

鼓舞:鼓舞:删除:除去（同义关系）

infuse<>drain away/refuse/extract

使…充满<>排除/拒绝/析取

Synonyms: imbue, ingrain, inoculate, invest, leaven, steep, suffuse

Sample:Unlike other creatures, who are shaped largely by their immediate environment, human beings are products of a culture accumulated over centuries, yet one that is constantly being transformed by massive infusions of new information from everywhere.

infuriate [In5fjJErIeIt] vt.激怒

To make furious; enrage

infuriate:rage=commend:esteem {scrounge:possession}

激怒:大怒=称赞:尊敬（同义关系）

infuriate:rage=nonplus:perplexity

激怒:大怒=困惑:困惑（同义关系）

Synonyms: ANGER, enrage, incense, ire, mad, madden, steam up, umbrage

Sample:Nothing infuriated Tom more than Aunt Polly's ability to divine when he was not telling the truth.

ingenious [In5dVi:nIEs] adj.机灵的, 有独创性的, 精制的, 具有创造才能

marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in conception or execution

ingenious<>prosaic { spontaneous}

有独创性的<>平凡的

Synonyms: CLEVER, adroit, canny, cunning, dexterous, slim, sly

Sample:Although Simpson was ingenious at contriving to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.

ingenuous [In5dVenjJEs] adj．纯朴的，单纯的

showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness

impeccable:flaw=ingenuous:guile

无瑕的:缺点=单纯的:欺骗(事物及其反面特征)

ingenuous:dissemble=raffish:preen=polite:snub

天真的:掩饰=粗俗的:打扮=礼貌:轻视(事物及其反面特征)

ingratiating:win favor=disingenuous:deceive

迷人的:得到喜欢=虚伪的:欺骗(因果关系)

pernicious:injure=disingenuous:mislead

有害的:伤害=虚伪的:欺骗(因果关系)

ingenue:sophistication=cynic:trustfulness

单纯的:老练的=悲愤嫉俗的:信任(形容词的反义关系)

discompose:placid=fabricate:ingenuous

使不安:平息的=编造, 捏造:坦白的（动词与形容词的反义关系）

disingenuous:sincere=??

无诚意的:真诚的=??

hypercritical<>ingenuous/honest

吹毛求疵的<>坦诚的

ingenuous<>cunning

纯朴的<>狡猾

sly<>ingenuous

狡猾的<>诚实的

affected<>ingenue

做作的<>天真无邪的

Synonyms: NATURAL, artless, naive, simple, unaffected, unartful, unartificial, unschooled, unsophisticated, unstudied

Sample:The senator’s attempt to convince the public that he is not interested in running for a second term is disingenuous given the extremely public fund-raising activities of his campaign committee.

ingrained [In5^reInd] adj. 根深蒂固的

to work indelibly into the natural texture or mental or moral constitution

ingrained<>easily to change

根深蒂固的<>易于改变

ingrained<>extrinsic

根深蒂固的<>外表的

Synonyms: INHERENT, built-in, congenital, constitutional, deep-seated, inborn, inbred, indwelling, innate, intrinsic

Sample:Try as they would, the missionaries were unable to uproot the ingrained superstitions of the natives.

ingratiating [In`^reIFIeItIN] adj. 逢迎的,迷人的

capable of winning favor:PLEASING

ingratiating:win favor=disingenuous:deceive

迷人的:得到喜欢=虚伪的:欺骗(因果关系)

Synonyms: deferential, disarming, ingratiatory, insinuating, insinuative, saccharine, silken, silky

Sample:He tried to ingratiate himself into her parents' good graces.

inherent [In5hIErEnt] adj.固有的, 内在的, 与生俱来的

involved in the constitution or essential character of something:belonging by nature or habit:INTRINSIC

extrinsic<>inherent

外在的<>内在的

Synonyms: born, built-in, congenital, connate, constitutional, deep-seated, elemental, essential, inborn, inbred, indwelling, ingenerate, ingrained, innate, intimate, intrinsic

Sample:Although frequent air travelers remain unconvinced, researchers have found that, paradoxically, the temporal disorientation inherent in jet lag also may yield some mental health benefits.

inimical [I5nImIk(E)l] adj．为敌的，不友善的

a:having the disposition of an enemy:HOSTILE

b:reflecting or indicating hostility:UNFRIENDLY

inimical<>friendly/amiable/amicable

敌意的<>友好的/亲切的/友善的

amenable<>inimical

服从的<>敌意的

Synonyms: HOSTILE, ill, inimicable, unfriendly

Sample:She felt that they were inimical and were hoping for her downfall.

inimitable [I5nImItEb(E)l] adj. 无法仿效的，不可比拟的

not capable of being imitated: MATCHLESS

indubitable:question=inimitable:copy

不容置疑的:怀疑=无法模仿的:摹仿（事物特征及其正面被动行为）

inimitable<>commonplace/ordinary

独特的<>平凡的

Sample:We admire Auden for his inimitable use of language; he is one of a kind.

iniquity [I5nIkw(E)tI] n. 邪恶，不公正

gross injustice:WICKEDNESS

iniquity<>rectitude/disinterestedness

不公正<>公正/不偏袒

Synonyms: EVIL, crime, diablerie, sin, tort, wrong, wrongdoing

Sample:I cannot approve of the iniquitous methods you used to gain your present position.

initial [I5nIF(E)l] adj. 开始的,最初的,字首的

placed at the beginning:FIRST

eccentric:conventional=doyen:uninitiated

外向的:保守的=老资格的:无经验的(形容词的反义关系)

initial:realized=tangible:indefinite { moribund:dead }

最初的:实现的=切实的:模糊的（反义关系）

supervisor:oversight＝catalysis:initiate

管理者:小心照顾=催化剂:发动（事物及其功用）

initial<>follow

最初的<>跟随

initiate<>follow up

最初<>跟随

inveterate<>uninitiated {youthful}

熟练的<>无经验的

Synonyms: beginning, inceptive, incipient, initiative, initiatory, introductory, nascent

Sample:If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writers' willingness to cater to popular tastes.

inkling [5INklIN] n. 暗示, 略微的提示, 略知, 模糊概念

a slight knowledge or vague notion

inkling:knowledge=modicum:quantity

小知识:知识=小量:量（少与正常）

Synonyms: HINT, clue, cue, indication, intimation, notion, suggestion, telltale, wind

Sample:Before sprinkling the dried herbs into the stew, Michael first pulverized them into a fine powder.

innocent [5InEsEnt] n. 天真的人,笨蛋

free from guilt or sin especially through lack of knowledge of evil:BLAMELESS

culpable<>innocent

有罪的<>单纯

Synonyms: GOOD, blameless, exemplary, guiltless, inculpable, irreproachable, pure, righteous, unblam-able, virtuous

Sample:Melodramas, which presented stark oppositions between innocence and criminality, virtue and corruption, good and evil, were popular precisely because they offered the audience a world devoid of neutrality..

innocuous [I5nRkjJEs] adj．（行为，言论等）无害的

not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility:INOFFENSIVE, INSIPID

placebo:innocuous=salve:unctuous=venom:toxious

宽心剂:无害的=油膏:油质的=毒液:有毒的(事物及其正面特征)

noxious<>wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

有毒的<>有益的/卫生的/无害的

innocuous<>injurious

无害的<>有害的

Synonyms: HARMLESS, innocent, innoxious, inobnoxious, inoffensive, unoffending, unoffensive

Sample:Let him drink it; it is innocuous and will have no ill effect.

innovation [InE5veIF(E)n] n. 改革,创新

the introduction of something new

contumaciou:authority=reactionary/hidebound/conservative:change/innovation/novelty

顽固的:权威=反动的/死板的/保守的:变化/创新/新奇(事物及其反面特征)

hidebound:innovation=diehard:budge

死板的:创新=顽固分子:放弃（形容词与名词的反义关系）

Synonyms: CHANGE, mutation, novelty, permutation, sport, vicissitude

Sample:Although Simpson was ingenious at contriving to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.

inquiry [In5kwaIErI] n. 质询,调查

examination into facts or principles:RESEARCH

confidence:arrogant=inquiry:interrogatory

自信:傲慢=询问:审询(程度类比)

prying:inquisitive=garish:colorful

爱打听的:好奇的=过分妆饰的=华丽的（褒贬程度类比）

painful:agonizing=inquisitive:curious

疼痛的:疼痛难忍的=好奇的:过分好奇的（程度类比）

Synonyms: delving, inquest, inquisition, investigation, probe, probing, quest, research

Sample:Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sciences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes cited as evidence for the autonomy of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biological inquiry.

insatiable [In5seIFEb(E)l] adj. 不知足的,贪求无厌的

incapable of being satisfied:QUENCHLESS

insatiate:slake=??

不知足的:使满足=??

Sample:That dealers patient enough to nurture a young modern painter's career rather than plunder it exist is not impossible, but the public's insatiable appetite for modern art makes such dealers less and less likely.

insipid [In5sIpId] adj. 没有味道的,清淡的,难吃的

lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge:DULL, FLAT

piquant<>insipid

开胃的<>平淡的

insipid<>exciting

无聊的<>令人兴奋的

insipid<>fascinating

无聊的,无味的<>迷人的

Synonyms: ARID, bromidic, dry, dryasdust, dull, dusty, tedious, uninteresting, weariful, wearisome

Sample:Flat prose and flat ginger ale are equally insipid:both lack sparkle.

insolent [5InsElEnt] adj. 粗野的，无礼的

exhibiting boldness or effrontery:IMPUDENT

perfunctorily:inspiration=insolently:veneration

马虎的:激情=无礼的:尊敬(行为及其反面特征)

restless:serenity=deferential:insolent

不平静的:平静=恭谨的:无礼(形容词和名词的反义关系)

insolent<>polite/courteous {elegant}

无礼的<>有礼貌的/彬彬有礼{端庄}

insolent<>respectful

粗野的<>尊敬的

Synonyms: UNPALATABLE, distasteful, flat, flavorless, ill-flavored, savorless, tasteless, unappetizing, unsavory

Sample:How dare you treat me so rudely! The manager will hear of you insolence.

insouciant [In5su:sIEnt] adj. 漫不经心的; 无忧无虑的

lighthearted unconcern:NONCHALANCE

tenacious:yield=insouciant:worry

不屈不挠的:屈服=无忧无虑的:担忧（人物个性特征及其反面行为）

Synonyms: HAPPY-GO-LUCKY, carefree, free-minded, lighthearted, lightsome

Sample:Your insouciant attitude at such a critical moment indicates that you do not understand the gravity of the situation.

inspired [In5spaIEd] adj. 有创见的，有灵感的

outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive of divine inspiration

inspire:infuse=obliterate:remove

鼓舞:鼓舞=删除:除去 (同义关系)

Synonyms: ELATE, commove, excite, exhilarate, set up, spirit (up), stimulate

Sample:Although the young violinist's steady performance, with the orchestra demonstrated his technical competence. his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity labeled him as a novice musician rather than as a truly accomplished performer.

instate [In`steIt] vt.任命

to set or establish in a rank or office:INSTALL

instate<>oust

任命<>剥夺

Synonyms: INITIATE, inaugurate, induct, install, invest

Sample:A police officer who was asked to leave the police force for illegal behavior was reinstated when he was found not guilty.

instigate [5InstI^eIt] vt. 教唆,怂恿,煽动

to goad or urge forward:PROVOKE

instigator:incite=bully:browbeat

煽动者:刺激=欺凌弱小者:欺凌(人物及其动作)

quell<>foment/instigate/rouse

镇压<>煽动/教唆/煽动

Synonyms: INCITE, abet, foment, provoke, raise, set, set on, stir (up), whip (up)

Sample:I am afraid that this statement will instigate a revolt.

instill [In5stIl] v.滴注,逐渐灌输

to impart gradually

instill <>drain away

灌输<>流走

instill<>remove

慢慢地灌输<>移开

Synonyms: IMPLANT, inculcate, infix, inseminate

Sample:Her athletic parents instilled the girl with a love of baseball.

institute [5InstEtu:t] n. 学会,学院 vt. 创立,开始,制定,任命

to originate and get established:ORGANIZE

rescind<>institute

撤离<>创立

abrogate<>embrace/institute/uphold

废除<>支持/建立/支持

effacing<>institute

抹掉<>建立

Synonyms: FOUND, constitute, create, establish, organize, set up, start

Sample:His program was reactionary since it sought to abolish many of the social reforms instituted by the previous administration.

insubordinate [InsE5bC:dInEt] adj．不服从的，反抗的

disobedient to authority

tractable<>insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

易于管教<>反抗的/不妥协/顽固的/倔强的

Synonyms: contumacious, factious, insurgent, mutinous, rebellious, seditious

Sample:By idiosyncratically refusing to dismiss an insubordinate member of his staff, the manager not only contravened established policy, but he also jeopardized his heretofore good chances for promotion.

insular [5InsElEr] adj. 岛的,岛民的,保守的,孤立的,岛特有的

characteristic of an isolated people; especially:being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint

insular<>cosmopolitan

孤立的<>世界性的

Synonyms: local, parochial, provincial, sectarian, small-town

Sample:The insularity of the islanders manifested itself in their suspicion of anyuthing foreign.

insulate [5InsElet] v. 使绝缘，使隔离

to place in a detached situation:ISOLATE; especially:to separate from conducting bodies by means of nonconductors so as to prevent transfer of electricity, heat, or sound

insularity<>cosmopolitanism

孤立<>世界性政策

insulate<>expose

使隔离<>暴露

Synonyms: ISOLATE, close off, cut off, enisle, island, segregate, separate, sequester

Sample:Some city parents insulate their children by sending them to private schools.

insurgent [In5s\:dVEnt] adj. 叛乱的，起事的n. 叛乱分子

a person who revolts against civil authority or an established government; especially:a rebel not recognized as a belligerent

parsimony:miser=rebelliousness:insurgent

吝啬:吝啬鬼=叛乱的:叛乱分子(人物及正面特征)

insurgent:rebel=incendiary:agitate

叛乱的:叛乱=煽动的:煽动（行为及其特征）

sycophantic:obsequious=rebellious:insurgent

阿谀的:奉承的=反叛的:起义的（同义关系）

Synonyms: ISOLATE, close off, cut off, enisle, island, segregate, separate, sequester

Sample:We will not discuss reforms until the insurgent troops have returned to their homes.

intangible [In5tAndVIb(E)l] adj. 难以明了的,无形的

not tangible:IMPALPABLE

impracticable:effected=intangible:known {indestructible:restored}

不可行的:有效的:难以了解的:大家都知道的（反义关系）

corporeal<>intangible

有形的<>无形的

Synonyms: IMPERCEPTIBLE, impalpable, imponderable, inappreciable, indiscernible, insensible, invisible, unapparent, unappreciable, unobservable

Sample:Though the financial benefits of his Oxford post were meager, Lewis was drawn to it by its intangible rewards:prestige, intellectual freedom, the fellowship of his peers.

integral [5IntI^r(E)l] adj.组成的；整的，必须的构成整体所必须的；应有的:

essential to completeness:CONSTITUENT

integral<>superfluous

完整的<>多余的

integral<>redundant

应有的<>多余的

integral<>peripheral

整体<>外围

Synonyms: WHOLE, choate, complete, entire, full, perfect

Sample:Physical education is an integral part of our curriculum; a sound mind and a sound body are complementary.

integrity [In5te^rItI] n. 正直，诚实，完整

the quality or state of being complete or undivided:COMPLETENESS

ecumenical:generality=entire:integrity

全面的:概要=全体的:完整(事物及其正面特征)

genuine:authenticity=entire:integrity

真实的:真实性=完整:完整（同义关系）

taint<>integrity/wholesomeness

使腐败<>正直/健全

Synonyms: HONESTY, honestness, honor, honorableness, incorruption

Sample:In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been transmitted without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.

intelligible [In5telIdVIb(E)l] adj. 可理解的,易理解的,明了的

capable of being understood or comprehended

correct:accurate=garble:unintelligible

正确:精确=混淆:难解的(事物及其正面特征)

Synonyms: UNDERSTANDABLE, apprehensible, comprehendible, comprehensible, fathomable, graspable, knowable, lucid, luminous

Sample:There was loud noise from the burning building, but the firefighters' shouts were still intelligible.

intemperate [In5tempErEt] adj. 无节制的，放纵的

not temperate especially:given to excessive use of intoxicating liquors

equable<>intemperate

平静的<>放纵的

intemperate<>constrained

无节制的<>限制

Synonyms: EXCESSIVE, immoderate, inordinate, overindulgent, unrestrained, untempered

Sample:Alcoholics are often sorry about their intemperate habits.

intensify [In5tensIfaI] vi. 强化

to make intense or more intensive:STRENGTHEN

moderate:intensity=extenuate:seriousness

缓和:加强=减轻:严肃(动作及其反面特征)

abate:intensity=taper:width

减轻:强度=逐渐变细:宽

alleviate:intensity=abate:tax

减轻:强度=降低:税（动宾关系）

abate:intensity=taper:width

减轻:强度=逐渐变细:宽度（动宾关系）

abate<>intensify/promote

减少<>增加/提升

assuage<>intensify

减缓<>加强

attenuate<>intensify

削弱<>加强

Synonyms: aggravate, deepen, enhance, heighten, intensate, magnify, mount, redouble, rise, rouse

Sample:The noise from the party intensified as the clock struck midnight.

inter [In5t\:(r)] vt. 埋葬,葬,埋

to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb

inter:burial=obliterate:removal

埋葬:葬礼=擦去:移动(事件及其关联动作)

Sample:My friend died Friday and was interred yesterday.

intercede [IntE5si:d] vi. 仲裁,说情,调解

to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling differences:MEDIATE

intercessor:mediate=translator:interpret/augur:prediction

仲裁者:调解=翻译:解释/占卜者:预言(人物及其本征动作) 【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: INTERPOSE, interfere, intermediate, intervene, mediate, step in

Sample:You are telling lies about my sister; I must intercede on her behalf.

interdict [intE5dikt] v. 阻断, 禁止

to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner

interdict<>authorize {inaugurate}

禁止<>批准

Synonyms FORBID, ban, enjoin, inhibit, outlaw, prohibit, taboo

Sample: Civilized nations must interdict the use of nuclear weapons if we expect out society to live.

interim [`IntErIm] n.中间时期, 过渡时期, 暂定 adj. 暂时的

an intervening time:INTERVAL

interim<>permanent

暂时的<>永恒

respite:labor=interim:concert {mediate:confliction}

间歇:劳动=中间间隔:音乐会（事物及其间歇）

Synonyms: TEMPORARY, acting, ad interim, pro tem, pro tempore, supply

Sample:The company will not consider our proposal until next week; in the interim, let us proceed as we have in the past.

interlock [IntE5lRk] adj. 联锁的

to become locked together or interconnected

interlocking<>independent

联锁的<>独立

Sample:The children interlocked arms and crossed the street as a group.

interlope [9IntE`lEJp] v.(为图私利)干涉他人之事, 闯入

one that intrudes in a place or sphere of activity

Synonyms: MEDDLE, busybody, butt in, fool, horn in, interfere, intermeddle, monkey (with), tamper (with)

Sample:The merchant thought of his competitors as interlopers who were stealing away his trade.

interminable [9IntE`lEJp] adj. 无尽头的

having or seeming to have no end; especially:wearisomely protracted

countless/innumerable/myriad/untold:number=everlasting/interminable:duration

无尽的/无数的/无数的/无法说出的:数量=永恒/无尽的:持续时间 (事物的反面特征)

innumerable:number=interminable:duration {unsubstantiated:conclusion}

无尽的:数目:无限的:持续时间（形容词修饰名词）

boundless:extensive=interminable:lengthy

无限的:宽广的=无限的:冗长的（程度类比）

Sample:Although his speech lasted for only twenty minutes, it seemed interminable to his bored audience.

intermittent [IntE5mItEnt] adj. 断断续续的，间歇的

coming and going at intervals:not continuous

intermittent<>constant

间歇的<>恒定

Synonyms: alternate, isochronal, isochronous, periodic, periodical, recurrent, recurring

Sample:Our picnic was marred by intermittent rains.

interrogate [In5terE^eIt] vt. 质问,讯问,审问

to question formally and systematically:probe

confidence:arrogant=inquiry:interrogatory

自信:傲慢=调查:质问(程度类比)

question:interrogative=order:imperative

提问:质问=命令:强制的命令(程度类比)

Synonyms: ASK, catechize, examine, inquire, query, question, quiz

Sample:Knowing that the Nazis would interrogate him about his background, the secret agent invented a cover story that would help him meet their quesions.

intervene [IntE5vi:n] vi. 插入,调停,干涉

to interfere usually by force or threat of force in another nation's internal affairs especially to compel or prevent an action

Synonyms: INTERPOSE, intercede, interfere, intermediate, mediate, step in

Sample:Although supernovas are among the most luminous of cosmic events, these stellar explosions are often hard to detect, either because they are enormously far away or because they are dimmed by intervening dust and gas clouds.

intimate [5IntImEt] adj. 亲密的,私人的,秘密的 n. 熟友

a friend or confidant marked by very close association, contact, or familiarity

clique:intimates=flock:sheep

朋党集团:密友=一群:羊(组成关系)

obsessed:attracted=intimate:close

着迷:吸引=亲密:紧密 (程度类比)

engrossed:absorbed=intimate:close

全神贯注的:入神的=亲密的:紧密的（程度类比）

aloof<>intimacy

疏远的<>亲密的

Synonyms: FRIEND, acquaintance, amigo, cater-cousin, confidant, familiar, mate

Sample:Even those siblings whose childhood was dominated by familial feuding and intense rivalry for their parents' affection can nevertheless develop congenial and even intimate relationships with each other in their adult lives.

intimate [5IntImEt] vt. 暗示,通知,告诉

to make known especially publicly or formally:ANNOUNCE

intimate:communicate=allude:refer

暗示:通信=暗指:提及（行为及其特殊方式）

Synonyms: SUGGEST, connote, hint, imply, insinuate

Sample:She intimated rather than stated her preferences.