list 14 hem ---
inane
hem [hem] n. （衣服或裙子的）褶边
a border of a cloth article doubled
back and stitched down
hem:garment=ruffle:shirt=molding:cabinet
褶边:衣服=皱褶:衫=壁带:橱柜（事物及其特殊部分）
Sample:The hem on her skirt needs sewing.
herald [5herEld] vt. 预报,宣布,传达,欢呼
to give notice of:ANNOUNCE
unabashed:embarrassment=unheralded:announcement
不害羞的:困窘=未预告的:公告（反义关系）
impromptu:performance=unheralded:announcement
即席演出:表演=没有预先通知的:公告 （反义关系）
unherald<>proclaim
未预告的<>宣布
Synonyms: ANNOUNCE, forerun, foreshow,
harbinger, preindicate, presage
Sample:For many years an unheralded
researcher, Barbara McClintock gained international renown when she won the
Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.
herbicide [5h\:bIsaId] n. 除草剂
an agent used to destroy or inhibit
plant growth
insect:pesticide=plant:herbicide
害虫:杀虫剂=植物:除草剂（事物及其消除对象）
Sample:Though environmentalists have targeted
some herbicides as potentially dangerous, the manufacturers, to the
environmentalists' dismay, defend the use of these herbicides on lawns.
hereditary [hI5redItErI] adj. 世袭的,遗传的
characteristic of or fostered by one's
predecessors
Sample:Natural selection tends to
eliminate genes that cause inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the
most severe diseases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are lethal would
be expected to be very rare, but, surprisingly, they are not.
heresy [5herIsI] n. 异端邪说
an opinion or doctrine contrary to
church dogma
apostasy:faith=recantation:heresy
变节:忠实=改变信仰:异端邪说（反义关系）
dogma<>heresy
教条的<>异端邪说
Synonyms: dissent, dissidence, heterodoxy, misbelief,
nonconformism, nonconformity, schism, unorthodoxy
Sample:The Salem witch trials were a
misguided attempt to extirpate superstition and heresy.
heretical [hI`retIkEl] adj. 异教的,异端的
of, relating to, or characterized by departure
from accepted beliefs or standards:UNORTHODOX
doctrine:heretical=course:errant
教条:异教的=道路:错误的（反义关系）
heretic:unconformity=apologist:defend
异教徒:不顺从:辩护者:辩护 （人物及其正面特征）【注:词性不符】
heretic:unconformity=generous:liberality { authority:superiority }
异端:不服从=慷慨的:大方 { 权威:优越性 }（人物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: dissident, heterodox, nonconformist, schismatic,
sectarian, unorthodox
Sample:She was punished by the Spanish
Inquisition because she was a heretic.
hermit [5h\:mIt] n. 隐士,隐居者
one that retires from society and lives in
solitude especially for religious reasons:RECLUSE
vegetarian:meat=hermit:society
素食者:肉=隐士:社会（前者远离后者）
hermitage:secluded=landmark:conspicuous
隐居处:隐退的:路标:明显的 （建筑物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: RECLUSE, solitary
Sample:We thought the hermit was a
miantrope because he shunned our society.
herpetologist [7hE:pi5tClEdVist] n. 爬虫学家
one that a branch of zoology dealing with
reptiles and amphibians
salmon:ichthyologist=chameleon:herpetologist
鳜鱼:鱼类研究者=变色龙:爬虫学家（人物及其研究对象）
hesitance [`hezItEns] n. 踌躇,犹豫
the quality or state of being hesitant:as a:INDECISION b:RELUCTANCE
impetuous:hesitate=irrepressible:servile
冲动的:犹豫=无法镇压的:顺从的
（反义关系）
parsimonious:profligacy=impetuous:hesitance
吝啬的:挥霍的=冲动的:忧郁的
hesitation:reluctance=hubris:pride
犹豫:不愿意=狂妄自大:骄傲 （褒贬类比）
alacrity<>dilatoriness/hesitance
敏捷<>迟缓/犹豫
impetuosity<>hesitance/vacillation
性急<>踌躇
Sample:She
hesitated to intrude on their conversation.
heterodox [5hetErEJdRks] adj.非正统的, 异端的
Not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in church doctrine or dogma
heterodox:nonconformity=authority:superiority
异教:不墨守成规=权威:优越 （人物及其正面特征）
doctrine:heterodoxy=spontaneous:studied
{adaptability:stable}
教义:非正统的异端=自发的:后天习得的 （反义关系）
Sample:To those who upheld the belief that the earth
did not move, Galileo's theory that the earth circled the sun was disturbingly
heterodox.
hidebound [5haIdbaJnd]adj.
营养不良的,死板的,量小的
having an inflexible or ultraconservative
character
contumacious:authority=reactionary/hidebound/
conservative:change/innovation/novelty
不听令的，顽固的:权威 =反动的/死板的/保守的:改变 /创新/新颖（形容词与名词的反义关系）
hidebound:conservative=peeved:annoyed
死板的:保守的=气恼的:苦恼的 （程度类比）
hidebound:conservative=manic:interested/excited
{peeved:annoyed }
死板的:保守的=疯狂的:感兴趣的/激动的 {怨恨的:恼怒的}（程度类比）
carefree:responsibility=hidebound:flexibility
不负责任:责任=死板的:灵活性（缺乏关系）
hidebound:innovation=diehard:budge
死板的:创新=顽固分子:放弃（形容词与名词的反义关系）
Synonyms: ILLIBERAL, bigoted, brassbound, intolerant, narrow,
narrow-minded, small-minded, unenlarged
hideous [5hIdIEs]adj.
丑恶的,可憎的,可怕的
offensive to the senses and especially to
sight:exceedingly ugly
pulchritudinous<>hideous
美丽的<>丑陋的
affinity<>aversion/hideousness
吸引力<>厌恶/丑陋
Synonyms: UGLY, ill-favored,
ill-looking, unbeautiful, uncomely, unsightly
Sample:The horror film was about a hideous
monster.
hie
[haI] v.
急忙,疾走,催促
to go quickly:HASTEN
hie<>dawdle
催促<>游手好闲，闲混
Synonyms: GO, fare, journey, pass,
proceed, push on, repair, travel, wend
hierarchy [5haIErB:kI] n.
阶级组织,教士政治,僧侣政治
the classification of a group of people according to
ability or to
economic, social, or professional standing
echelon:hierarchy=??
梯队:层次=??(??关系)
Sample:Their hierarchy of loyalties is first to
oneself, next to kin, then to fellow tribe members, and finally to compatriots.
hieroglyph [5haIErE^lIf] n.象形文字, 图画文字
a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing
decipher:hieroglyph=separate:component
破解:象形文字=分离:组分
（动宾关系）
Sample:Whereas the art critic Vasari saw the
painting entitled the Mona Lisa as an original and wonderful technical feat,
the reproduction of a natural object, the aesthetes saw it as a hieroglyph that
required deciphering.
hike [haIk] v.
使高涨,拉起 n.提高，增加
to rise up; especially :to work upward out of place
backset<>hike
倒退；挫折<>提高，增加
Sample:No matter how often he hiked through the
mountains, David never failed to be struck by the grandeur of the Sierra Nevada
range.
hilarity [hI5lArItI] n. 欢闹
high spirits that may be carried to the point of
boisterous conviviality or merriment
hilarious:laughter=contemptible:distain
欢闹的:笑=可鄙的:贬损（行为及其所表达的含义）
hoary:old=hilarious:funny
古老的:老的=欢闹的:有趣的 （程度类比）
Synonyms: MIRTH,
glee, jocularity, jocundity, jollity, joviality, merriment
Sample: The hilarity is improper on this solemn day
of mourning.
hint [hInt] n.
暗示,提示
a slight indication of the existence, approach, or
nature of something:CLUE
nuance:distinction=hint:suggestion
细微差别:差别=暗示:提议(程度类比)
Sample:The architects of New York's early
skyscrapers, hinting here at a twelfth-century cathedral, there at a fifteenth-century
palace, sought to legitimize the city's social strivings by evoking a history
the city did not truly possess.
histrionic [hIstrI5RnIk]adj.
演员的,演剧的,有如演戏的
of or relating to
actors, acting, or the theater
pedantic:scholar=histrionic:actor
学究的:学者=戏剧的:演员 （人物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: DRAMATIC, dramaturgic,
theatral, theatric, theatrical, thespian
Sample:He was proud of his histrionic ability and
wanted to paly the role of Hamlet.
hive [haIv] n.
蜂房,闹区,蜜蜂群
a place swarming
with activity
tumultuous:bedlam=active:hive
喧嚣的:喧嚣之地=活跃的:热闹之地（正面特征）
Sample:The stock exchange is a hive of activity.
hoard [hC:d] n./v.
贮藏，秘藏
to keep (as one's thoughts) to oneself
miser:hoard=dandy:preen=sycophant:fawn=pundit:opine
守财奴:秘藏=花花公子:打扮=马屁精:奉承=博学者:发表意见（人物及其特征行为）
hoard:miser=shirk:malinger
秘藏:守财奴=逃避:装病的人 （人物及其特征动作）
lavish<>hoard
浪费的<>储藏
squander<>hoard
挥霍<>贮存
Synonyms: squirrel, stash
Sample:Plants store a hoard of water in their
leaves, stems, or understock to provide themselves with a form of insurance
that will carry them through the inevitable drought they must suffer in the
wild.
hoary [5hC:rI]adj.
灰白的，久远的
extremely old:ANCIENT
hoary:old=hilarious:funny
古老的:老的=欢闹的:有趣的
（程度类比）
Synonyms: ANCIENT, aged, age-old, antediluvian, antique,
Noachian, old, timeworn, venerable
hoax [hEuks] n.愚弄
an act intended to
deceive or trick
filibuster:delay=hoax:deceive
阻挠:拖延=愚弄:欺骗 （行为及其结果）
hoax:fraudulent=paragon:excellent
愚弄:欺骗的=模范:优秀的
（事物及其正面特征）
Synonyms IMPOSTURE, fake, flimflam, fraud, gyp,
humbug, phony, put-on, sell, spoof
Sample: Embarrassed by the
hoax, he reddened and left the room.
hodgepodge [5hRdVpRdV] n. 混煮,杂菜,混淆
a heterogeneous mixture:JUMBLE
hodgepodge:uniformity=cliche:originality
大杂烩:一致=陈词滥调:新颖（缺乏关系）
items:hodgepodge=people:rabble
物品:大杂烩=人们:乌合之众（个体及其杂乱的集体）
hodgepodge:??=interpreter:translate/illuminati(illuminator):instruct
大杂烩:混乱:解说:翻译/先知:指导 （正面特征）
Synonyms: MISCELLANY, gallimaufry,
hash, hotchpotch, jumble, medley, mishmash, patchwork, potpourri
Sample:His ideas are a hodgepodge of unproved
theories.
homage [5hRmIdV] n. 尊崇,尊敬,效忠
expression of high regard:RESPECT
counsel:advice=laud:homage
劝告:劝告=称赞:敬意（同义关系）
homage<>disrespect
敬意<>失礼
Synonyms:
honor, reverence, deference
Sample:In her speech she tried to pay homage to a
great man.
homely [5hEJmlI]
adj.家常的, 朴素的；不漂亮的
Not attractive or good-looking
pulchritude<>homeliness
美丽<>不漂亮
Sample:I would rather have a poor and comely wife than a rich and homely one.
homily [5hRmIlI] n.
说教,训诫
a
lecture or discourse on or of a moral theme
parable:story=homily:lecture
寓言:故事=说教:演讲（种属关系）
区别:homely（adj.家常的；不好看的）
Sample:His speeches were always homilies, advising
his listeners to repent and reform.
homogenize [hE5mRdVInaIz] v.
使均匀
to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform
mixture
stratify<>homogenize
使分层<>使均匀
motley<>homogenize
杂乱的<>使均匀 【注：词性不符】
Sample:Many educators try to put pupils of similar
abilities in the same class because they believe that his homogeneous grouping
is advisable.
hone [hEJn]v.
用磨刀石磨 n. 磨刀石,抱怨,想念
to make more acute, intense,
or effective:WHET
hone<>blunt
磨快<>弄钝
Sample:To make shaving easier, he honed his razor
with great care.
honorarium [RnE5reErIEm] n．酬劳金，谢礼
a
payment for a service (as making a speech) on which custom or propriety forbids
a
amenity:comfortable=honorarium:grateful
舒适的设备:舒适的=谢礼:感谢的（事物及其正面特征）
Sample:The company paid the teacher an honorarium
for the speech she gave to its workers.
horn [hR:n] n. 角,角质,喇叭
a wind
instrument used in a jazz band;
especially :TRUMPET
horn:blow=harp:pluck
喇叭:吹=竖琴:弹（动宾关系）
Sample:The habitat of the horned viper, a particularly
venomous snake, is in sandy regions like the Sahara or the Sinai peninsula.
hortative [`hR:tEtIv]
adj. 激励的 ，劝告的，勉励的
giving exhortation:ADVISORY
didactic:teach=hortatory:urge
说教的:教授=激励的:力劝（形容词与动词的同义关系）
hortative:encourage=exculpatory:absolve
鼓励的:鼓励=辨明无罪的:无罪赦免（形容词与动词的同义关系）
Sample:The peroration was largely hortatory and
brought the audience to its feet clamoring for action at its close.
horticulture [5hC:tIkQltFE(r)] n. 园艺学
the science and art of growing fruits,
vegetables, flowers, or
ornamental plants
tree:forestry=flower:horticulture
树:林学=花:园艺学（学科及其研究对象）
Sample:The city's botanical garden is a center of
horticulture.
hospitable [5hCspitEbl] adj.好客的, 招待周到的，思想开放的；善于接受的
having an open
mind; receptive
hospitable:misanthrope=genteel:churl
思想开放的:厌世者=优雅的:粗俗的人（人物及反面特征）
Synonyms： SOCIAL, companionable,
convivial, cooperative, gregarious, sociable
hovel [5hRvl] n. 小屋,杂物间,家畜小屋
a
small, wretched, and often dirty house:HUT
palatial:hovel=bucolic:city
富丽堂皇的:小屋=田园风味的:城市（反面特征）
palatial:hovel=bucolic:metropolis
宏伟的:小屋=乡村的:大都市 （事物及其反面特征）
Sample:He wondered how poor people could stand
living in such a hovel.
hub [hQb] n. 车轴,,中心
the central part of a circular object (as a
wheel or propeller)
spoke:hub=radius:center
轮辐:中心=半径:中心(前者会聚于后者)
Sample:The spokes of the wheel diverge
from the hub.
hubris [5hju:brIs] n. 傲慢,骄傲
exaggerated pride or self-confidencehubristic
parsimony:frugal=hubris:pride
吝啬:节俭的=狂妄自大:自豪的（褒贬程度类比）
hesitation:reluctance=hubris:pride
犹豫:不愿意=狂妄自大:骄傲 （褒贬类比）
Sample:Filled with hubris, Lear refused to heed his friends'
warnings.
humanitarian [hju:mAnI5teErIEn] n. 人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
a person promoting human welfare and social
reform:PHILANTHROPIST
Sample:It is difficult for humanity with its finite
existence to grasp the infinite.
humble
[5hQmb(E)l]
adj. 卑下的,谦逊的,粗陋的
ranking low in a hierarchy or scale:INSIGNIFICANT, UNPRETENTIOUS
dour:geniality=bumptious:humbleness
严厉的:亲切=傲慢的:谦逊（形容词与名词的反义关系）
impetuous:vacillation/hesitation=bumptious:humbleness
冲动的:犹豫=傲慢的:谦逊（形容词与名词的反义关系）
supercilious<>humble
傲慢的<>谦逊的
bumptious<>humble
傲慢的<>谦逊的
hauteur<>humility
傲慢<>谦卑
panache<>humility
炫耀，摆架子<>谦卑
Synonyms: IGNOBLE, base, baseborn,
low, lowborn, lowly, mean, plebeian, unennobled, unwashed
Sample:Constantly fawning on his employer, humble
Uriah Heap was a servile creature.
humor [5hju:mE(r)]
v. 迎合,牵就,顺应
to soothe or content
by indulgence
chide:pillory=humor:mollycoddle
责骂:使示众=迁就:溺爱（程度关系）
Synonyms: BABY, cater (to), cocker, coddle, cosset, cotton, indulge,
mollycoddle, pamper, spoil
Sample:The humor of cartoonists Gary Trudeau often
is satirical; though the comments of the Doonesbury characters, Trudeau
ridicules political corruption and folly.
hurdle
[5h\:d(E)l] n. 障碍,跳栏 v. 用篱笆围,越过,克服
to leap over especially while running (as in a sporting
competition
Synonyms: CLEAR, leap, negotiate,
over, overleap, surmount, vault
hurricane [5hQrIkEn] n. 飓风
a tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles
(118 kilometers) per hour or greater that occurs especially in the western
Atlantic, that is usually accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning, and that
sometimes moves into temperate latitudes
fire:inferno=storm:hurricane
火:大火=暴风:飓风（程度关系）
rain:deluge=wind:hurricane
雨:暴雨=风:狂风（程度关系）
snow:precipitation=hurricane:cyclone
雪:降水=飓风:旋风（种属关系）
Sample:Titanic
waves beat aginst the shore during the hurricane.
husbandry [5hQzbEndrI] n.节俭；耕种；家政
the control or judicious use of
resources:CONSERVATION
husbandry:dissipate=alacrity:procrastinate
节俭:浪费=敏捷:拖延（反义关系）
husband<>squander
节俭地使用<>浪费
husbandry<>prodigality
节俭<>浪费
husbandry<>waste
节俭<>浪费
Synonyms: ECONOMY, forehandedness, frugality, providence, prudence,
thrift, thriftiness
Sample:He accumulated his small fortune by diligence
and husbandry.
husk [hQsk] n.（果类或谷物的）外壳(通常用复数), 皮, 无价值之物
a usually dry or
membranous outer covering (as a pod or hull or one composed of bracts) of
various seeds and fruits; also
:one of the constituent parts
corn:husk=??
谷物:外皮=??
seed:husk=orange:rind
种子:外壳=橘子:外皮
（事物及其外皮）
husk<>core
皮<>核
Sample:You shuck the corn's husks before cooking
it.
husky [5hQskI] adj. 声音沙哑的
hoarse with or
as if with emotion
husky<>delicate
嘶哑的<>细腻的
Synonyms: HOARSE, croaking,
croaky, gruff
Sample:He is a husky boy.
hybrid [5haIbrId]
adj. 混合的,杂种的,混合语的 n杂种
something heterogeneous in origin or
composition:COMPOSITE
hybrid<>of unmixed extraction
杂种<>纯血统
hybrid<>purebred
杂种的<>纯种的
Synonyms: bastard, cross,
crossbred, crossbreed, half blood, half-breed, mongrel, mule
Sample:The attempt to breed suitable varieties of
jojoba by using hybridization to reinforce favorable traits was finally
abandoned in favor of a simpler and much faster method:the domestication of
flourishing wild strains.
hymn [hIm] n. 赞美诗，圣歌；赞歌
a song of praise or joy
hymn:praise=elegy:sorrow
赞歌:赞美=挽歌:悲伤 （事物及其表达的含义）
Synonyms: SONG,
aria, descant, ditty, lay, lied
hypnotic [hIp5nRtIk] adj. 催眠的,催眠术的,易于催眠的
tending to produce
sleep:SOPORIFIC
hypnotic<>conscious
催眠的<>有知觉的
hypnotic<>stimulant
催眠药<>刺激物
hypnotic<>bracing
催眠的<>给以力量，支撑
Synonyms: SOPORIFIC, narcotic,
opiate, sleepy, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somnolent, somnorific,
soporiferous
Sample:The mother's voice had a hypnotic effect
on her baby.
hyperbole [haI5p\:bElI] n. 夸张法
extravagant exaggeration
anger:tirade=exaggeration:hyperbole
恼火:长篇激烈的演讲=夸张:夸张 （行为及其表达的含义）
malicious:ill
will=exaggerating:hyperbole
恶毒的:恶意=夸张的:夸张（形容词与名词的同义关系）
bumptious:bombast=exaggerative:hyperbole
盲目自大的:夸大的言辞=夸张的:夸张法（名词及其正面特征）
exaggerated:hyperbole=nonsensical:drivel
夸大的:夸张法=无意义的:胡说（事物及其表达的含义）
Synonyms: EXAGGERATION, coloring,
embellishment, embroidering, overstatement
Sample:Rhetoric often seems to triumph over reason
in a heated debate, with both sides engaging in hyperbole.
hypercritical [haIpE5krItIk(E)l] a．苛求的，吹毛求疵的；
meticulously or excessively critical
Synonyms: critical, faultfinding, captious, carping,
censorious
区别:hypocritical（adj.伪善的）
Sample:You are hypercritical in your demands for
perfection; we all make mistakes.
hypocritical [hIpE5krItIk]
adj. 伪善的
characterized
by hypocrisy; also :being a
hypocrite
authenticity:fraudulent=sincerity:hypocritical
真实性:欺诈的=诚挚:伪善的(名词与形容词的反义关系)
hypocritical<>ingenuous/honest
伪善的<>真诚的/诚实的
Synonyms: canting, pecksniffian,
pharisaic, pharisaical, sanctimonious, self-righteous
区别:hypercritical (adj.苛求的，吹毛求疵的)
Sample:I resent his hypocritical posing as a friend
for I know he is interested only in his own advancement.
ichthyologist [9IkWI`ClEdVIst] n. 鱼类学者,鱼类研究者
one
that study a branch of zoology that deals with fishes
salmon:ichthyologist=chameleon:herpetologist
大麻哈鱼:鱼类学家=变色龙:爬虫学家（学者及其研究对象）
Sample:Jacques Cousteau's rpograms about sea life
have advanced the cause of ichthyology.
idiosyncratic [7idiE5siNkrEtik] adj.
特质的,异质的,特殊的
a peculiarity of constitution or temperament:an
individualizingcharacteristic or quality
Sample:One of his personal idiosyncrasies was his habit
of rinsing all cutlery given him in a restaurant.
idolatrize [aI5dRlEtE(r)] v.奉为偶像, 盲目崇拜
admires intensely and often blindly
reverent:idolater=trusting:dupe
虔诚的:偶像崇拜者=信赖的:易受骗的人（人物及其正面特征）
esteem:idolatrize=favor:bribe
尊敬:盲目崇拜=赠与:行贿 （程度褒贬类比）
Sample:James had idolized the professor so much for
so long that even after lunching with her several times he remained quite
inhibited in her presence, and as a result, he could not really be himself.
ignite [I^5naIt] v. 点燃,使灼热,使兴奋
to set afire; also :KINDLE
ignite<>extinguish
点燃<>熄灭
Synonyms: LIGHT, enkindle, fire, inflame, kindle
Sample:When Desi crooned, "Baby, light my
fire," literal-minded Lucy looked around for some paper to ignite.
ignominy [5I^nEmInI] n. 羞耻，屈辱
deep personal humiliation and disgrace
ignominious<>lofty
可耻的<>崇高的
ignominy<>glory,
honor; esteem, respect
耻辱<>光荣
Synonyms: DISGRACE, discredit,
disesteem, dishonor, disrepute, infamy, obloquy, odium, opprobrium, shame
Sample:The country smarted under the ignominious
defeat and dreamed of the day when it would be victorious.
ignorant [5I^nErEnt] adj.
无知识的,不知道的,幼稚的
destitute of knowledge or education also lacking knowledge or comprehension of the thing
specified
Synonyms: benighted, empty-headed,
illiterate, know-nothing, rude, uneducated, uninstructed, unlettered,
unschooled, untaught, untutored
Sample:I am totally ignorant of what happened at
home while I was on vacation.
ignore [I^5nC:(r)] v.不理睬，忽略
to reject (a bill
of indictment) as ungrounded
scorn:reject=adulate:flatter=disparage:ignore
轻蔑:拒绝=谄媚:奉承=蔑视:不理睬（程度类比）
subtle:ignore=salient:observe
微妙的:忽略=易见的:观察（事物特征及其正面被动行为）
erudite<>smattering of
knowledge/ignorant/unlettered
博学的<>一知半解的/无知的/文盲的
Synonyms: NEGLECT, blink (at or away), discount, disregard, fail,
forget, omit, overlook, overpass, slight
Sample:She would have liked to ignore the minutiae
of daily living.
illiteracy [I`lItLrEsI] n.
文盲
the quality or state of being
illiterate; especially :inability
to read or write
illiteracy:education=inequity:redistribution
文盲:教育=不公:重新分配（消除关系）
erudition<>illiteracy
博学<>文盲
illuminati [I9lU:mI`nB:ti:] n.
先觉者; 智者
persons who are or who claim to be unusually
enlightened
interpreter:translate=illuminati:instruct
翻译员:翻译=先觉者:指导（人物及其正面特征行为）
hodgepodge:??=interpreter:translate/illuminati(illuminator):instruct
大杂烩:混乱:解说:翻译/先知:指导 （事物及其正面特征）
illumination [Ilu:mI5neIF(E)n] n.
照明,阐明,启发
one of the decorative features used in the art of
illuminating or in decorative lighting
frieze:building=illumination:manuscript
雕饰:建筑=装饰图案:手稿（装饰关系）
stylus:mark=lamp:illumination
铁笔:刻痕=灯:照明（物品及其用途）
squall:commotion=flash:illumination
大叫:扰乱=使闪烁:照明（因果关系）
therapeutic:hospital=illuminating:school
治疗的:医院=启蒙的:学校（机构及其功能）
apron:protected=lamp:illuminate
围裙:保护=灯:照明 （工具及其作用）
obfuscate<>elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly
使迷乱<>阐明/阐明/解释清楚
Sample:Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used
the documents to extract case histories， which have illuminated the attitudes
of different social groups （these attitudes include，but are not confined to，attitudes
toward crime and the law）and have revealed how the authorities administered
justice.
illusory [I5lu:sErI] adj.
产生幻觉的,幻影的,错觉的
based on or producing illusion:DECEPTIVE
maelstrom:turbulent=mirage:illusory
大旋涡:狂暴的=海市蜃楼:幻影的（正面特征）
nicety:precision=illusion:fantasy
准确:精确=幻想:幻想（同义关系）
illusion:perception=gaffe:judgment
幻想:感觉=过失:判断 （事物及其特征化方式）
Synonyms: FICTITIOUS, chimerical,
fanciful, fantastic, fictional, fictive, imaginary, suppositious,
supposititious, unreal
Sample:The trick for Michael was to conjure for his
son an illusory orderliness; only alone at night, when the boy was asleep,
could Michael acknowledge the chaos he kept hidden from his son.
illustrate [5IlEstreIt] v. 举例说明,作图解,阐明
to provide with visual features intended to
explain or decorate
illustrate:pictures=particularize:details
作图解:图片=详细说明:详细资料（前者通过后者实现）
Synonyms: CLARIFY, clear, clear up, elucidate, explain, illuminate
Sample:Numerous historical examples illustrate both
the overriding influence that scientists' prejudices have on their
interpretation of data and the consequent impairment of their intellectual
objectivity.
imbibe [Im5baIb] v. 吸收象用喝一样地吸收或吸进
to absorb or take
in as if by drinking
thirsty:imbibe=exhausted:rest
渴:喝水=疲惫的:休息 （感觉及其消除方式）
Sample:The dry soil imbibed the rain quickly.
imbroglio [im5brEuliEu] n. 纷乱,纠葛,纷扰,一团糟
a violently confused or bitterly complicated
altercation:EMBROILMENT
Synonyms: QUARREL, altercation,
bickering, dispute, embroilment, falling-out, miff, row, spat, squabble
Sample:He was called in to settle the imbroglio but
failed to bring harmony into the situation.
imitation [ImI5teIF(E)n] n. 模仿,效法,冒充,赝品
the quality of an object in
possessing some of the nature or
attributes of a transcendent idea
exemplary:imitation=culpable:blame
可作模范的:模仿:该责备的:责备（形容词与动词的同义关系）
paragon/paradigm:imitate=reverence:regard
模范:效仿=尊敬:尊重 （人物特征及其正面被动行为）
exemplary:imitation=reverent:deference
可仿效的:模仿=虔诚的:尊重 （因果关系）
Synonyms: ARTIFICIAL, dummy, ersatz, false, mock, sham, simulated,
spurious, substitute
Sample:Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops
resist detection until maturity by imitating the seedling stage in the rice
plant's life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop
until the flowering stage.
immaculate [I5mAkjJlEt] adj.完美的，洁净的无瑕地清洁的；极其清洁的
having no stain or blemish:PURE
squalor<>immaculate
肮脏的<>纯净的
Synonyms: CHASTE, clean, decent, modest, pure, spotless,
stainless, unblemished, undefiled, unsullied
Sample:The West Point cadets were immaculate as they
lined up for inspection.
immanent [5ImEnEnt] adj. 普遍存在的，内在的
remaining or operating
within a domain of reality or realm of
discourse:INHERENT; specifically :having existence or
effect only within the mind
or consciousness
immanent<>explicit
内在的<>外在的
immanent<>extrinsic
内在的<>外在的
immaterial [ImE5tIErIEl]
adj. 非物质的,无形的,精神的，不相关的
of no substantial
consequence:UNIMPORTANT
immaterial:relevance=peripheral:center
不相关的:相关=外围的:中心的（形容词与名词的反义关系）
immaterial:relevance=circuitous:directness
无关的:有关=拐弯抹角的:率直（形容词与名词的反义关系）
relevant<>immaterial
有关的<>无关的
immaterial<>pertinent
无关的<>相关的
immaterial<>consequential
不重要的<>重要的
Synonyms: asomatous, bodiless, disbodied, discarnate, disembodied,
incorporeal, insubstantial, metaphysical, nonmaterial, nonphysical, spiritual,
unbodied, unembodied, unfleshly, unmaterial, unphysical, unsubstantial
Sample:That information is immaterial to solving
the problem.
immemorial [ImI5mC:rIEl] adj. 太古的，极古的
extending or existing
since beyond the reach of memory,
record, or tradition
immemorial<>recent
古老的<>近来的
Sample:Customs practiced by tribes have been
handed down from time immemorial.
imminent [5ImInEnt] adj. 即将来临的,逼近的
ready to take place; especially :hanging threateningly over one's head
Synonyms: impending, proximate
Sample:Robin’s words were not without emotion:they
retained their level tone only by a careful equipoise between imminent extremes.
immune [I5mju:n] adj. 免疫的,免除的,不受影响的
not susceptible or
responsive; especially :having a
high
degree of resistance to a
disease
fertilize:grow=immunize:resist
施肥:生长=使免疫:抵抗(因果关系)
overexposure:jaded=vaccination:immune
感光过度:厌倦的=接种疫苗:免疫的(因果关系)
soporific:sleep=vaccinating:immunity
催眠的:睡觉=接种的:免疫(因果关系)
vaccination:immune=overexposure:jaded
接种疫苗:免疫的=感光过度:厌倦的(因果关系)
Sample:No computer system is immune to a virus, a
particularly malicious program that is designed to infect and electronically
damage the disks on which data are stored.
immure [I5mjJE(r)] v. 监禁,禁闭
to enclose within or
as if within walls b:IMPRISON
immure<>release
禁闭<>释放
immure<>liberate
监禁<>解放
Synonyms: IMPRISON, bastille,
confine, constrain, incarcerate, intern, jail, jug
Sample:For the two weeks before the examination, the
student immureed himself in his room and concentrated upon his studies.
immutable [I5mju:tEb(E)l] adj. 不可变的,不变的,不能变的
not capable of or susceptible to
change
immutable:altered=implacable:propitiated
不变的:改变的=不缓和的:劝解的（反义关系）
transitory:endure=immutable:change
短暂的:耐久=不能变的:改变 （形容词与动词反义关系）
immutable:vary=precaries:stabilize
不变的:改变=不稳定的:稳定（反义关系）
immutable<>variable
不可变的<>可变的
Sample:Scientists are constantly seeking to discover
the immutable laws of nature.
imp [Imp] n. 顽童
a mischievous
child:URCHIN
insensitive:boor=mischievous:imp
感觉迟钝的:粗野的人=淘气的:顽童（人物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: URCHIN, gamin, monkey
Sample:That girl is an imp, always up to mischief.
impair [Im5peE(r)] v. 损害,减少,削弱
to damage or make worse by or as if
by diminishing in some
material
respect
Synonyms: injure, harm, hurt, damage, mar
Sample:Exposure to sustained noise has been claimed
to impair blood pressure regulation in human beings and, particularly, to
increase hypertension, even though some researchers have obtained inconclusive
results that obscure the relationship.
impassive [Im5pAsIv] adj. 无感情的,冷淡的,不动的,平静的
unsusceptible to or
destitute of emotion
impassive:perturb=voracious/avaricious:satisfy
冷漠的:打扰=贪婪的:满足（人物个性及其反面被动特征）
callous:impassive=dupe:duplicity
冷淡的:冷漠的=欺骗:不诚实 （同义关系）
drawl:slow=deadpan:impassive
{bicker:unpleasant}
慢慢的说:慢=无表情:消极 {争吵：不愉快}（动作及其正面特征）
perfervid<>impassive
非常热心的<>冷漠的
impassive<>emotional
冷漠的<>情感的
impassive<>excitable
冷漠的<>易兴奋的
impassive<>fervid
无动于衷的<>热心的
Synonyms: apathetic, dry,
matter-of-fact, phlegmatic, stoic, stolid
Sample:Employees had become so inured to the
caprices of top management's personnel policies that they greeted the
announcement of a company-wide dress code with impassivity.
impeccable [Im5pekEb(E)l] a．无瑕疵的
blemish:impeccable=guile:artless
污点:没缺点的=狡诈:朴实的（反义关系）
impeccable:flaw=ingenuous:guile
没缺点的:缺点=真诚的:狡诈（反义关系）
rectitude:transgress=keen:obtuse
{impeccable:flaw=indolent:stir}
正直:犯罪=锋利的:钝的（反义关系）
restive:calmness=impeccable:flaw
不安静的:平静=没有缺点的:缺点 （缺乏关系）
impeccable:flaw=sterile:germ
没有缺点的:错误，缺点=无菌的:细菌 （缺乏关系）
perfection:error=impeccable:flaw
尽善尽美:过失=没有缺点的:缺陷（反义关系）【注：词性不符】
impeccable<>faulty
没缺点的<>有缺点的
Synonyms: errorless, exquisite,
faultless, flawless, immaculate, irreproachable
Sample:He was proud of his impeccable manners.
impecunious [ImpI5kju:nIEs]
adj. 不名一文的，贫困的
having very little or no money usually
habitually:PENNILESS
foolish:discretion=impecunious:money
愚蠢的:判断力=贫穷的:钱（缺乏关系）
pelf:impecunious=experience:green
钱财:贫穷的=经验:无经验的 （缺乏关系）
impecunious<>wealthy/prosperous/affluent
贫穷的<>富裕的/繁荣的/富裕的
impecunious<>lavish/prosperous
贫穷的<>过分丰富的/繁荣的
impecunious<>affluent
贫穷的<>富裕的
Synonyms: POOR, destitute, dirt
poor, impoverished, indigent, necessitous, needy, penurious, poverty-stricken,
unprosperous
Sample:Now that he was wealthy, he gladly
contributed to funds to assist impecunious and disbled persons.
impede [Im5pi:d] v. 妨碍,阻碍
to
interfere with or slow the progress of
blandishment:cajole=obstacle:impede
甜言蜜语:哄骗=障碍:阻止（目的关系）
abet<>thwart/impede
教唆，支持<>阻碍/阻止
facilitate<>impeding
促进<>阻止
impede<>promote/foment
阻碍<>促进/煽动
cultivate<>impede
{ decline }
促长<>阻止
{ 衰败} 【注:此题争议较大】
nurture<>impede
抚育<>阻止
encumber<>remove
impediment
阻碍<>除去阻碍
Synonyms: HINDER, bar, block, brake,
dam, obstruct, overslaugh
Sample:Although nothing could be further from the
truth, freight railroads have been accused of impeding the nation's shift from
oil to coal by charging exorbitant fees to transport coal.
impend [Im5pend]
vi.进行威胁, 即将发生
to be about to occur
remote<>impending
遥远的<>即将发生的
Synonyms: IMMINENT, proximate
Sample:Job failure means being fired from a job, being asked
to resign, or leaving voluntarily to protect yourself because you had very
strong evidence that one of the first two was impending.
impenetrable
[Im5penItrEb(E)l]
adj. 不能穿过的,不可理喻的,费解的,顽固的
incapable of being penetrated or pierced or incapable of
being comprehended:INSCRUTABLE
pierce:impenetrable=profane:inviolable
穿透:难以渗透的=亵渎:不可亵渎的 (动词与形容词的反义关系)
juggernaut:unstoppable=enigma:impenetrable
印度教主神像:无法阻碍的=迷一样的:难以理解的(事物及其正面特征)
pierce:impenetrable＝change:immutable
穿透:难以渗透的=改变:不可改变的 (动词与形容词的反义关系)
impenetrable:subdue=??
顽固的:征服=??
porous<>impenetrable
多孔渗水的<>难以渗透的
Synonyms: IMPASSABLE, impermeable,
imperviable, impervious, unpierceable
Sample:How could the murderer have gotten into the
locked room? To Watson, the mystery, like the room, was impenetrable.
impenitent [Im5penItEnt]
adj. 不悔悟的
not feeling or expressing humble or regretful
pain or sorrow for sins or offenses
rueful<>impenitent
悔恨的<>不悔悟的
impenitent<>contrite
不悔悟的<>懊悔
impenitent<>remorseful
不悔悟的<>悔恨的
Synonyms: REMORSELESS, regretless,
uncontrite, unregretful, unremorseful, unrepentant, unsorry
Sample:We could see by his brazen attitude that he
was impenitent.
imperative [Im5perEtIv] adj. 命令式的,急需的,势在必行的,强制的
expressive of a command, entreaty, or
exhortation
question:interrogative=order:imperative
怀疑:表示疑问的=命令:命令的（动词与形容词的同义关系）
Synonyms: MASTERFUL, bossy, domineering,
high-handed, imperial, imperious, magisterial, overbearing, peremptory
Sample:Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment
of child support are available, the delay and expense associated with these
remedies make it imperative to develop other options.
imperial [Imp]
adj. 帝王的,至尊的,壮丽的，堂皇的
of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire
or an emperor ；of superior or unusual size or excellence
imperial:significance=grotesque:fantasy
堂皇的:重大=奇异的:怪念头（形容词与名词的同义关系）
imperial:significant=spartan:austere
{grotesque:fascinate}
至尊的：重要的=简朴的：简朴的 {怪诞的：着迷} （程度类比）
imperial<>obedient
最高权力的<>服从的
Sample:When hotel owner Leona Helmsley appeared in
ads as Queen Leona standing guard over the Palace Hotel, her critics mocked her
imperial fancies.
imperious [Im5pIErIEs]
adj. 傲慢的，专横的
marked by arrogant assurance:DOMINEERING
fawn:imperiousness=equivocate:directness
奉承:专横=支吾:率直（动词与名词的反义关系）
imperious:fawn:swagger:self
depreciate
专横的:奉承=自大的:自贬（反义关系）
imperious:servile=bellicose:peaceable
专横的:奴性的=好战的:和平的（反义关系）
fawn:imperiousness=equivocate:directness=elaborate:sketch
奉承:专横=支吾:率直=精心制作:粗略（动词与名词的反义关系）
imperiousness:fawn=self
depreciatory:swagger
专横:奉承=自我贬低:大摇大摆（形容词与动词的反义关系）
imperious:grovel=??
傲慢的:卑躬屈膝=?? (行为及其反面特征)
elf:imperious=??
恶人:专横的=??
rash:circumspective=imperious:servile
轻率的:慎重的=专横的:卑屈的 （反义关系）
imperious<>humble
专横的<>谦逊的
imperious<>servile/obeisant
专横的<>卑曲的/服从的
deferential<>imperious
尊重的<>专横的
imperious<>obsequious
专横的<>献媚的
unassuming<>imperious
谦虚的<>傲慢的
Synonyms: masterful, domineering, peremptory, imperative
Sample:His imperiousness indicated that he had long
been accustomed to assuming command.
impertinent [Im5p\:tInEnt]
adj. 鲁莽的,无礼的,粗鲁的,不恰当的
given to or characterized by insolent
rudeness
impertinent:propriety=keen :obtuseness
鲁莽的:适当=敏锐的:迟钝 （形容词与名词的反义关系）
perturb:serenity=
impertinent:propriety
扰乱:平静=鲁莽:适当 （缺乏关系）
gratuitous:justification=impertinent:propriety
无理由的:认为有理=无不相干的:适当 (形容词与名词的反义关系)
impetuous:patience=impertinent:propriety
冲动的:耐心=粗鲁的:适当（事物及其反面特征）
impertinence<>respect/relevence
无礼<>尊敬/尊敬
obeisant<>impertinent
尊敬<>无礼
Synonyms:
officious, meddlesome,
intrusive, obtrusive
Sample:I regard your remarks as
impertinent and I resent them.
imperturbable [ImpE5t\:bEb(E)l]
adj. 沉着的,泰然自若的,镇静的
marked
by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness:SERENE
restive<>calm/imperturbable
吵闹的<>平静的/冷静的
ticklish<>imperturbable
不稳定的<>冷静的
testiness<>imperturbability
暴躁<>冷静
imperturbability<>volatility
冷静<>易变
Synonyms:
cool, composed, collected,
unruffled, nonchalant
Sample:Wellington remained imperturbable and in full
command of the situation in spite of the hyteria and panic all around him.
impervious [im5pE:vjEs]adj.
不能渗透的，不为所动的，不会受到损害的
not allowing entrance or passage:IMPENETRABLE
also not capable of being damaged
or harmed
impervious:damaged=indomitable:subdued
不会受到损害的:伤害的=不屈服的:屈服的（反义关系）
impervious:friable=nonflammable:combustible
不会受到损害的:易碎的=不燃烧的:易燃的（反义关系）
impervious:penetrate=ineluctable:avoid
不能渗透的:渗透=不可避免的:避免（形容词与动词的反义关系）
impervious:damaged=indefensible:excused
不会受到损害的:伤害的=无辩护余地的:申辩的（反义关系）
impervious:?=precarious:stable
不会受到损害的:?=不稳定的:稳定的 （反义关系）
translucent<>impervious of light
透明的<>不透光的
Synonyms: IMPASSABLE,
impenetrable, impermeable, imperviable, unpierceable
Sample:You cannot change their habits for their
minds are impervious to reasoning.
impetuous [Im`petjJEs]
adj. 冲动的,猛烈的,轻率的,急躁的
marked by
impulsive vehemence or passion
impetuous:vacillation/hesitation=bumptious:humbleness
冲动的:踌躇/犹豫=傲慢的:谦逊（形容词与名词的反义关系）
impetuous:hesitate=irrepressible:servile
冲动的:犹豫=无法镇压的:顺从的 （反义关系）
parsimonious:profligacy=impetuous:hesitance
吝啬的:挥霍的=冲动的:忧郁的（反义关系）
impetuous:patience=impertinent:propriety
冲动的:犹豫=粗鲁的:适当（反面主动关系）
restive:calmness=impetuous :patience
不安静的:平静=冲动的:耐心 （缺乏关系）
impetuosity<>hesitance/vacillation
冲动<>犹豫/踌躇
impetuous<>deliberate
冲动的<>深思熟虑的
unobstrusive<>impetuous
谨慎的<>冲动的
Synonyms: PRECIPITATE, abrupt, hasty,
headlong, hurried, precipitant, precipitous, rushing, subitaneous, sudden
Sample:We tried to curb his impetuous behavior
because we felt that in his haste he might offend some people.
impiety [Im5paIEtI] n. 无信仰,无信心,不虔诚,不孝
the quality or state
of being impious:IRREVERENCE
impiety<>devoutness
不虔诚的<>虔诚的
Sample:We must regard your blasphemy as an act of
impiety.
implacable [Im5plAkEb(E)l] adj. 难宽恕的,难和解的,执拗的
not placable:not capable of being appeased,
significantly changed, or mitigated
immutable:altered=implacable:propitiated
不能变的:改变的=不能缓和的:被劝解（反义关系）
implacable:compromise=honest:swindle
难和解的:妥协=诚实的:诈骗（反义关系）
Synonyms: GRIM, ironfisted,
merciless, mortal, relentless, ruthless, unappeasable, unflinching,
unrelenting, unyielding
Sample:Madame Defarge was the implacable enemy of
the Evremonde family.
implement [5ImplImEnt] n. 工具,器具 v. 实现,使生效,执行
CARRY OUT,
ACCOMPLISH; especially:to give
practical
effect to and ensure
of actual fulfillment by concrete measures
Synonyms: instrument, tool, utensil
Sample:This new government is faced not only with
managing its economy but also with implementing new rural development programs
to stem the flow of farm workers to the city.
implicate [5ImplIkeIt]
v. 含意,暗示,牵连
to involve as a consequence, corollary, or
natural inference:IMPLY
Synonyms: INVOLVE, embroil, mire, tangle
Sample:Though feminist in its implications, Yvonne
Rainer's 1974 film antedated the filmmaker's active involvement in feminist
politics.
implode [Im5plEJd]
v. 内爆，剧减
to collapse inward as if from external pressure; also:to become greatly reduced as if
from collapsing
collapse:implode=divide:sunder
倒塌:内爆=分开:分离（因果关系）
Sample:The volcanic mountain seemed much smaller
after it erupted and imploded.
importune [im5pC:tju:n] v.强求， 不断请求
to beset with insistent or repeated requests;
entreat pressingly
accost:approach=importune:request { glorify:praise /
bequest:give }
搭讪:接近=强求:寻求 { 使荣耀：表扬 / 遗赠：给予 } （程度类比）
Synonyms： BEG, appeal, beseech, crave, entreat,
implore, invoke, plead, pray, supplicate
Sample: Democratic and Republican phone solicitors
importuned her for contributions so frequently that she decided to give nothing
to either party.
imposing [Im5pEJzIN]
adj.使人难忘的, 壮丽的, 堂皇的；雄伟的
impressive in size,
bearing, dignity, or grandeur
imposing<>modest
堂皇的<>谦虚的
Synonyms: GRAND, august, baronial, grandiose,
magnificent, majestic, noble, princely, royal, stately
Sample:Imposing steep fines on employers for
on-the-job injuries to workers could be an effective incentive to creating a
safer workplace, especially in the case of employers with poor safety records.
impostor [Im5pRstE(r)] n.冒名顶替者
one that assumes false
identity or title for the purpose of deception
impostor:identity=usurper:authorization
{ barbarian:property }
冒名顶替者:身份=篡位者:权利 ( 特征人物及其追求目标)
Sample:The impostor had a false passport, but the
customs department knew his real name.
impotent [5ImpEtEnt] a. 无力的,虚弱的,无效的,阳萎的
not potent:lacking in power, strength, or
vigor:HELPLESS
attenuate:thickness=weaken:potence
削弱：厚度=减弱：力量（动宾关系）
clout<>impotence
有力的一击<>无力,
虚弱
Synonyms: WEAK , boneless, emasculate,
forceless, inadequate, ineffective, ineffectual, invertebrate, slack-spined,
spineless
Sample:Although he wished to break the nicotine
habit, he found himself impotent in resisisting the craving for a cigarette.
impromptu adj.
即席的，即兴的
composed or uttered without previous preparation:EXTEMPORANEOUS
ad
lib:impromptu=aside:divergent
即兴的:即兴的=在旁边，到一边:分歧的（同义关系）
impromptu:performance=unheralded:announcement
即席演出:表演=没有预先通知的:公告
（反义关系）
impromptu:rehearsal=
caprice:deliberate
即席演出:排练=反复无常:深思熟虑的
（反义关系）
impromptu:rehearsal=honesty:duplicity
即兴演出:排演=诚实:狡猾（反义关系）
Synonyms: EXTEMPORANEOUS, autoschediastic, extemporary,
extempore, improvised, offhand, spur-of-the-moment, unrehearsed, unstudied
Sample:Her listeners were amazed that such a
thorough presentation could be made in an impromptu speech.
improvident [Im5prRvIdEnt] adj. 无远见的,浪费的
not
provident:not foreseeing and providing for the future
Synonyms: thriftless, unthrift, unthrifty
Sample:He was constantly being warned to mend his
improvident ways and begin to "save for a rainy day."
improvised [5ImprEvaIz] adj. 即席而作的,即兴的
to compose, recite, play, or sing
extemporaneously
rite<>improvised
act
仪式<>即兴表演
Synonyms: EXTEMPORANEOUS, autoschediastic, extemporary,
extempore, impromptu, offhand, spur-of-the-moment, unrehearsed, unstudied
Sample:While scientists dismiss as fanciful the idea
of sudden changes in a genetic code (spontaneous mutation), it is possible that
nature, like some master musician, improvises on occasion, departing from the
expected or predictable.
imprudent [Im`prU:dEnt]
adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的
not
prudent:lacking discretion
judicious<>imprudent
判断正确的<>轻率的
区别:impudent （adj.
放肆无礼的,厚颜无耻的）
Sample:It is imprudent to exercise vigorously and
become overheated when you are unwell.
impudent [5ImpjJdEnt]
adj. 放肆无礼的,厚颜无耻的
marked
by contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others:INSOLENT
impudence:brazen=deadpan:impassive
厚颜无耻:厚颜无耻=无表情:冷漠的（同义关系）
impudence:brazenness=recalcitrant:stubbornness
厚颜无耻:厚颜无耻=顽固:固执（同义关系）
impudent<>deferential/respectful
放肆无礼的<>恭敬的/恭敬的，有礼貌的
impudent<>obeisant
放肆无礼的<>恭敬的
impudent<>reverence/deference
无理的<>尊重
Synonyms: UNWISE, ill-advised,
ill-judged, impolitic, indiscreet, injudicious
区别:imprudent
（adj. 轻率的,鲁莽的）
Sample:I think your pert and impudent remarks call
for an apology.
impugn [Im5pju:n]
v. 指责，对…表示怀疑
to assail by words or arguments:oppose or
attack as false or lacking integrity
extol<>condemn/impugn/detract
赞美<>谴责/指责/贬低
impugn<>champion
指责<>支持
impugn<>endorse
指责<>同意
impugn<>vindicate
指责<>辩护
impugn<>uphold
指责<>赞同
Synonyms: DENY, contradict,
contravene, cross, disaffirm, gainsay, negate, negative, traverse
Sample:I cannot impugn your honesty without
evidence.
impuissance [Im`pjU:IsEns]
n. 无能; 无力; 虚弱
WEAKNESS, POWERLESSNESS
clout<>impuissance
权势<>无能
Sample:The lame duck President was frustrated by his
shift from enormous power to relative impuissance.
impute [Im5pju:t] adj. 可归罪的,使负责的,可嫁祸的
to lay the responsibility or blame for often
falsely or unjustly
imputable:nettle
Synonyms: ASCRIBE, accredit, assign,
attribute, charge, credit, lay, refer
Sample:If I wished to impute blame to the officers
in charge of this program, I would state my feelings definitely and
immediately.
inadvertent [InEd5v\:tEnt]
adj. 不注意的，疏忽的
not
focusing the mind on a matter: INATTENTIVE
advertent<>inattentive
留意的<>疏忽的
Synonyms: CARELESS, feckless,
heedless, irreflective, thoughtless, uncaring, unheeding, unrecking,
unreflective, unthinking
Sample:Professional photographers generally regard
inadvertent surrealism in a photograph as a curse rather than a blessing;
magazine photographers, in particular, consider themselves fortunate to the
extent that they can minimize its presence in their photographs.
inalienable [In5eIlIEnEb(E)l]
adj. 不能让与的,不能转售的,不能夺取的,不可分割的，不能剥夺的
incapable
of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred
inalienable:surrendered=implacable:propitiated
不能剥夺的:放弃的=难平息的:平息的 (反义关系)
Sample:The Declaration of Independence mentions the
inalienable rights that all of us possess.
inane [I5neIn]
adj. 空虚的,愚蠢的,空洞的
lacking significance,
meaning, or point: SILLY
obsessed:attracted=rash:adventurous
{inane:clumsy}
迷住的:吸引的=轻率的:喜欢冒险的(褒贬程度类比)
inane<>expressive,
meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty
空洞的<>富有意义的
inane<>substantiated
空洞的<>实体化的
Synonyms: INSIPID, driveling, flat,
innocuous, jejune, milk-and-water, namby-pamby, sapless, vapid, wishy-washy
Sample:Such comments are inane because they do not
help us solve our program.