list
13 germane --- helmet
germane [dV\:5meIn] adj.密切有关的
being at once relevant and
appropriate:FITTING
germane<>irrelevant
密切有关的<>无关的
Sample:The lawyer objected that the
testimony being offered was not germane to the case at hand.
gesture [5dVestFE(r)] n.姿势，手势；姿态
a movement usually of the body or limbs that
expresses or emphasizes an idea, sentiment, or attitude
parody:style=mime:gesture
拙劣的模仿:风格=哑剧:姿态（事物及其特殊表现形式）
Sample:Like many eighteenth-century
scholars who lived by cultivating those in power, Winckelmann neglected to
neutralize, by some propitiatory gesture of comradeship, the resentment his
peers were bound to feel because of his involvement with the high and mighty.
ghastly [5^AstlI] adj. 可怕的,惊人的,惨白的
intensely
unpleasant, disagreeable, or objectionable
ghastly:unpleasant=??
可怕的:使人厌恶的=??
Synonyms: grim, grisly, gruesome, hideous, horrible, horrid,
horrifying, lurid, macabre, terrible, terrifying
Sample:The murdered man was a ghastly
sight.
gibe [dVaIb] v.嘲笑
to deride or tease with taunting
words
apologize:regret=gibe:derision
道歉:后悔=嘲笑:嘲笑 （行为及其所表达的含义）
condolence:sympathy/compassion=gibe:derision
哀悼:同情=嘲笑:嘲笑 （行为及其所表达内容）
gibe:derision=mirth:laughter
嘲笑:嘲笑=愉快:欢笑（行为及其所表达的含义）
Synonyms: SCOFF, fleer, flout, gird, jeer, jest, quip (at), scout (at), sneer
Sample:As you gibe at their superstitious
beliefs, do you realize that you, too, are guilty of similarly foolish
thoughts?
giddy [5^IdI] adj. 眼花的,头晕的 ,轻率
lightheartedly silly:FRIVOLOUS
giddiness<>grave
轻率<>严肃
giddy<>serious
轻率的<>严肃的
Synonyms: bird-witted, dizzy, empty-headed, featherbrained,
flighty, fribble, fribbling, frivolous, harebrained, hoity-toity, light,
light-headed, rattlebrained, scatterbrained, silly, skittish, volage, yeasty
Sample:He felt his giddy youth was past.
ginger [5dVIndVE(r)] n. 姜,精力,淡赤黄色 vt.
使活泼,使有生气
a thickened pungent aromatic rhizome that is
used as a spice and sometimes medicinally
ginger:spice=??
姜:香料=??
glacier [5^lAsIE(r)] n.冰河
a large body of ice moving slowly down a slope
or valley or spreading outward on a land surface
glacial:slow=??
冰河的:缓慢=??
glacier:ice=sea:water
冰河:冰=海洋:水（组成关系）
Sample:The glacier left many striated
rocks.
glade [gleId] n.林间空地, 一片表面有草的沼泽低地
an open
space surrounded by woods
glade:wood=oasis:desert{archipelago:ocean
}
林间空地:树木=绿洲:沙漠{群岛:海洋} （事物及其特殊部分）
glance [^lAns] n. 一瞥,闪光,一滑,辉矿类
a quick or cursory look
peck:kiss=glance:look
轻吻:吻=一瞥:看（程度类比）
Sample:The blueprints for the new
automobile were striking at first glance. But the designer had been basically
too conservative to flout previous standards of beauty.
glaze [^leIz] n. 釉,,上光,光滑面 v.装玻璃,
上釉, 使表面光滑
to give a smooth glossy surface to
glaze:porcelain=varnish:wood
釉:瓷器=光泽面:木头（事物及其表面装饰物）
glaze:porcelain=veneer:furniture
釉:瓷器=饰面:家具 （事物及其表面装饰物）
glaze<>rumple
使表面光滑<>弄皱
Sample:The freezing rain glazed the
streets and made driving hazardous.
glib [^lIb] adj. 流利圆滑的，善辩的
marked by ease and fluency in speaking or
writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful
fluent:glib=humorous:wry { meticulous:finicky }
流利的:油腔滑调的=幽默的:讽刺性的幽默（褒贬程度类比）
maladroit:skill=glib:profundity
不灵巧的:技巧=口齿伶俐的:深度 （缺乏关系）
glib<>labored
流利圆滑的<>不自然的
glib<>taciturn
流利圆滑的<>沉默寡言的
Synonyms: silver-tongued, vocative,
voluble, well-hung
Sample:He is a
glib and articulate speaker.
glimmer [5^lImE(r)] v. & n. (发出)微弱的光
a:to shine faintly or
unsteadily
b:to give off a subdued unsteady
reflection
Synonyms: FLASH, coruscate, glance, gleam, glint, glisten,
glitter, shimmer, sparkle, twinkle
Sample:In the darkness of the cavern, the
glowworms hanging from the cavern roof glimmered like distant stars.
glisten [5^lIs(E)n] v. 闪烁，闪耀.
to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection
of or as if of a moist or polished surface
dingy:glisten=slippery:adhere
黑暗的:闪烁=光滑的:粘着（消除关系）
Synonyms: FLASH, coruscate, glance,
gleam, glimmer, glint, glitter, shimmer, sparkle, twinkle
Sample:Her pendant earrings glistened in
the light.
glitch [^litF] n. 干扰;误操作,小故障
a usually minor malfunction
glitch:flaw=peccadillo:error/sin/offense
小故障:错误=小错误:错误/罪孽/犯罪（小和正常）
Sample:A glitch in the computer is stopping the
printer from working.
gloat [^lEut] vi. 满足地看,独自暗笑,贪婪地盯
to observe or think about something with
triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight
primp:vain=gloat:smug
打扮:虚荣的=满足的看:自以为是的（行为及其目的）
Sample:As you gloat over your ill-gotten
wealth, do you think of the many victims you have defrauded?
gloomy [5^lu:mI] adj. 阴沉的，昏暗的，忧郁的
low in spirits:MELANCHOLY
despondent:depressed=saturnine:gloomy/masterful:skilled
意气消沉:沮丧的=忧郁的:忧伤的/熟练的:熟练的 （同义关系）
forthy<>gloomy
性格开朗的<>忧郁的
Synonyms: SULLEN, crabbed, dour, glum,
morose, saturnine, sulky, surly, ugly
Sample:Do not be misled by his saturnine
countenance; he is not as gloomy as he looks.
glorify [5^lC:rIfaI] vt. 赞美,美化,赞扬,使辉煌
to make glorious by bestowing
honor, praise, or admiration
castigation:reproof=denunciation:denial
{glorification:merit}
惩罚:谴责=谴责:否认（同义关系）
Sample:Poets
glorified the Roman emperors in their poems.
gloss [^lRs] n. 光彩,假象,注释
a brief explanation (as in the margin or
between the lines of a text) of a difficult or obscure word or expression
blurb:notice=gloss:explanation
大肆宣传:注意=作注释:解释（动作及其目的）
annotate:commentary=gloss:definition
注释:注释=作注释:解说 (动词与其名词的同义关系)
Synonyms: PRAISE, bless, celebrate, cry up, eulogize, extol,
hymn, laud, magnify, panegyrize
Sample:No matter how hard he tried to talk
around the issue, President Bush could not gloss over the fact that he had
raised the taxes after all.
glossary [5^lRsErI] n. 字典,辞典,词汇表
a collection of textual glosses or of
specialized terms with their meanings
glossary:text=legend:map
术语:正文=地图上的说明文字:地图（事物及其说明对象）
Sample:I have found the glossary in this
book very useful; it has eliminated many trips to the dictionary.
glossy [5^lRsI] adj. 平滑的,有光泽的
having a surface luster or
brightness
varnish:glossy=sand:smooth
上清漆:光滑的=用砂磨:平滑的（动作及其结果）
glut [^lQt] n. 大量,充斥,吃饱
an
excessive quantity:OVERSUPPLY
glut<>dearth
吃饱<>饥饿
Synonyms: SATIATE, clog, fill, gorge, jade, pall, sate, stodge,
surfeit
Sample:I want this photograph printed on
glossy paper, not matte.
glutinous [5^lu:tInEs] adj. 粘的，胶状的
having the quality of glue:GUMMY
etch:corrosive=glue:adhesive
蚀刻:腐蚀的=胶:粘的（事物及其正面特征）
glutinous<>non viscous
粘的<>不粘的
Sample:Molasses
is a glutinous substance.
glutton [5^lQt(E)n] n. 贪吃者
one given habitually to greedy and voracious
eating and drinking
avarice:money=gluttony:food
贪婪的:钱=贪吃的:食物（人物特征及其追求对象）
glutton:overindulge=ascetic:self denial
贪吃者:放纵=禁欲者:自我克制（人物及其正面特征）
gluttonous<>abstentious
贪吃的<>节制的
Sample:When Mother saw that Bobby had
eaten all the cookies, she called him a little glutton.
goad [^EJd] vt. 用刺棒驱赶,激励,煽动,唆使
something that urges or stimulates
into action:SPUR
command:entreaty=goad:enticement
命令:恳求=激励:诱骗（程度类比）
gadfly:goad=humorist:amuse
牛虻:刺激=幽默者:逗乐（人物及其特征动作）
goad<>check
唆使<>阻止
Sample:He was goaded by his friends until
he yielded to their wishes.
gobble [5^Rb(E)l] vt. 狼吞虎咽
to
swallow or eat greedily
quaff:sip=gobble:nibble
痛饮:小嘬=狼吞虎咽:细咬（程度类比）
swill:sip=gobble:nibble
痛饮:小嘬=狼吞虎咽:细咬（程度类比）
Synonyms: GULP, bolt, cram, englut, guzzle, ingurgitate, slop,
slosh, wolf
Sample:He was so hungry that he gobbled his food
up.
goggle [5^R^(E)l] n. 眼睛睁视,护目镜
to stare with wide or protuberant
eyes
goggles:eyes=gloves:hands=earmuff:ear
风镜:眼睛=手套:手=御寒耳罩:耳朵（保护关系）
Sample:In the laboratory, she wears goggles to
protect her eyes from chemicals.
goldbrick
[`^EJldbrIk]
vi. 称病,欺诈,偷懒
to
shirk duty or responsibility
evade:answer=goldbrick:work
逃避:回答=称病逃避工作:工作（行为及其逃避对象）
gorge [^C:dV] vi. 狼吞虎咽
reticent:talk=abstemious:gorge
沉默:说话=节制的:狼吞虎咽（反义关系）
Synonyms: SATIATE, cloy, fill, glut, jade, pall, sate, stodge,
surfeit
Sample:There have been attempts to explain
these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between
those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the
satisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiated and those who
appear to be shamelessly gorging.
gossamer [5^RsEmE(r)] n．蛛丝，薄纱，adj．轻而薄的
something light, delicate, or
insubstantial
gossamer<>substance
轻而薄的<>本质
gossamer<>ponderous
轻而薄的<>沉重的
gossamer<>weighty
轻而薄的<>重的
Synonyms: FILMY, diaphanous, flimsy, gauzy, sheer, tiffany,
transparent
Sample:Nylon can be woven into gossaner or
thick fabrics.
gourmet [5^JEmeI] n. 美食家
a connoisseur of food and
drink; broadly :CONNOISSEUR
bibliophile:books=gourmet:food
{calligrapher:handwriting}
藏书家:书=美食家:食物{书法家:书法}（人及其对应事物）
connoisseur:art=gourmet:cuisine
鉴赏家:艺术作品=美食家:烹调（人及其对应事物）
gourmet:food=aesthetic:art
美食家:食物=美学:艺术 （人物与其研究对象）
cineast:film=gourmand:food {sharpshooter:target}
电影迷：电影=美食家：食物 {神枪手：目标} (人物与其追求对象)
bookworm:read =gourmet:eat
书呆子：读=美食家：吃（人物及其爱好）
Sample:The gourmet stated that this was
the best onion soup she had ever tasted.
grandeur
[5^rAndVE(r)] n. 庄严,伟大
the
quality or state of being grand:MAGNIFICENCE
grandeur=mean=??
伟大:卑鄙=??
grandeur<>frivolous
庄严<>轻佻的
Sample:No matter how often he hiked
through the mountains, David never failed to be struck by the grandeur of the
Sierra Nevada range.
grandiloquent [^rAn5dIlEkwEnt] adj（语言等）夸张的，夸大的
be of a lofty, extravagantly colorful,
pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in language
gaudy:apparel=grandiloquent:speak
华美的:服装=夸张的:说话（形容词及其修饰名词）
grandiloquent:language=garish:apparel
夸张的:语言=过分装饰的:衣服（事物及其修饰）
grandiloquent<>secretive
夸张的<>秘密的
Synonyms: RHETORICAL, aureate,
bombastic, declamatory, euphuistic, flowery, magniloquent, overblown, sonorous,
swollen
Sample:The politician could bever speak
simply; she was always grandiloquent.
grandiose [5^rAndIEJs] adj. 宏伟的,宏大的,堂皇的,铺张的
characterized by affectation of grandeur or
splendor or by absurd exaggeration
ephemeral:longevity=grandiose:humility
短命的:长寿=宏大的:谦卑的（反义关系）
grandiose<>trivial
宏伟的<>微不足道的
Synonyms: GRAND, august, imposing, lordly, magnificent, majestic,
noble, princely, royal, stately
Sample:Because early United States writers
thought that the mark of great literature was grandiosity and elegance not to
be found in common speech, they avoided the vernacular.
grandstand [`^rAndstAnd] v. 哗众取宠的表演, 正面看台
to play or act so as to impress
onlookers
grandstand:impress=equivocate:deceive
哗众取宠的表演:打动=支支吾吾的说:欺骗（动作及其结果）
proselytize:convert=grandstand:impress
劝诱改宗的人:皈依=炫耀表演:印象 （人物及其工作目标）
Sample:We sat in
the grandstand to watch the baseball game.
grant [^rB:nt] vt. 允许,承认,授与
to bestow or transfer formally specifically
:to give the possession or title of by a deed
concede<>refuse to grant
承认<>拒绝承认
withhold<>grant
抑制<>允许
Synonyms: ACKNOWLEDGE, admit, allow, avow, concede, confess, fess
(up), let on, own, own up
Sample:Everyone took his probity for
granted; his defalcations, therefore, shocked us all.
gratify [5^rAtIfaI] vt. 使满足
to be a source of or give pleasure
or satisfaction to
gratify:desire=slake:thirsty
使满足:欲望=消渴:渴（消除关系）
aggrieve<>gratify
侵害<>使满足
irk<>gratify
使苦恼<>使满足
gratify<>displease
使满足<>使不快
irk<>gratify
使苦恼<>使满足
Synonyms: PLEASE, arride, delectate,
delight, gladden, happify, pleasure
Sample:Her parents were gratified by her
success.
grating [5^reItIN] adj．（声音）刺耳的，恼人的
noisily,rasping,harsh
grating:sound=acrid:odor==fetid:smell
刺耳的:声音=辛辣的:味道=恶臭的:气味（形容词及其修饰名词）
Synonyms: IRRITATE, aggravate, burn (up), gall, get, nettle,
peeve, pique, provoke, rile
Sample:That singer has a grating voice.
gratuitous [^rE5tju:ItEs] adj. 无缘无故的；免费的
not involving a return benefit,
compensation, or consideration
gratuitous:justification=impertinent:propriety
无理由的:认为有理=无不相干的:适当 (形容词与名词的反义关系)
gratuitous<>merited/warranted
无理由的<>应得的/有正当理由的
gratuitous<>justified
无理由的<>有正当理由的
Synonyms: FREE, chargeless,
complimentary, costless, gratis
Sample:Quit making gratuitous comments
about my driving; no one asked you for your opinion.
grave [^reIv] adj. 庄重的,严肃的,重大的,低沉的
having a serious and dignified
quality or demeanor
frivolous:gravity=brash:discretion
轻率的:严肃=性急的:慎重（反义关系）
droll<>grave
轻率的<>严肃的
giddiness<> gravity
轻率<>严肃
grave<>insignificant
重大的<>不重要的
flippancy<>gravity
无理<>庄重
Synonyms: ENGRAVE, etch, incise
Sample:Robert Louis Stevenson's grave is
on a knoll in Samoa; to reach the grave site, you must climb uphill and walk a
short distance along a marked path.
green [^ri:n] adj. 未成熟的, 新鲜的, 精力旺盛的, 无经验的, 青春的
a:deficient in training, knowledge, or
experience b:deficient in
sophistication and savoir faire:NAIVE
c:not fully qualified for or experienced in a particular function
inexperience:green=pertinacity:refractory
无经验:无经验的=顽固:难控制的
（形容词与名词的同义关系）
pelf:impecunious=experience:green
钱财:贫穷的=经验:无经验的
（ 人物特征及其缺乏）
Synonyms: INEXPERIENCED, callow, fresh, raw,
unconversant, unpracticed, unseasoned, untried, unversed, young
Sample:The general sent the green soldiers for
more training.
gregarious [^rI5^eErIEs] adj. 群居的，爱社交的
tending to associate with others of
one's kind:SOCIAL
poseur:sincerity=recluse:gregariousness
装模作样的人:真
诚=遁 世 者:爱社交的 人（反面特征）
gregarious:reserved=??
爱社交的:保守的=??（反义关系）
gregarious<>aloof
爱社交的<>疏远的
Synonyms: SOCIAL, sociable
Sample:Typically, party-throwers are
gregarious; hermits are not.
grievous [5^ri:vEs] adj．严重伤害的，引起痛苦的
causing or characterized by severe
pain, suffering, or sorrow
smart:pain=grieve:sorrow
刺痛的:痛=悲伤的:悲伤（同义关系）
solace:grief=pacification:anger
安慰:悲伤=安抚:愤怒（消除关系）
grievous<>slight
引起痛苦的<>轻微的
joyous<>grievous
高兴的<>令人忧伤的
Synonyms: ONEROUS, burdensome, demanding, exacting, exigent,
oppressive, superincumbent, taxing, tough, weighty
Sample:The death of her brother was a grievous
loss.
grimace [5^rImEs] n.面部的歪扭, 痛苦的表情, 鬼脸
a
facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval
contortion:body=grimace:face
扭弯:身体=面部扭弯:脸部 （行为及其相关部位）
chagrin:mind=grimace:face
懊恼:情绪=痛苦的表情:脸 （行为及其相关部位）
grimace:pain=flinch:fear
痛苦的表情:疼痛=畏缩:害怕 （行为及其表达的心理）
Sample:Even though he remained silent, his
grimace indicated his displeasure.
grin [^rIn] vi.咧着嘴笑
to draw back the lips so as to show the teeth
especially in amusement or laughter;
broadly :SMILE
pout<>grin
噘嘴生气<>咧着嘴笑
Synonyms: SMILE, beam
Sample:Grinning from ear to ear, Bonnie
Blair was clearly elated by her Olympic victory.
gripe [^raIp] v. ①腹部绞痛，②抱怨，诉苦
to complain with grumbling
gripe:discontent=praise:admiration
抱怨:不满=表扬:喜爱（正面特征）
Synonyms: fuss, squawk, yammer, yawp (or
yaup)
Sample:He gripes all the time about the bad
weather.
grisly [5^rIzlI] adj. 恐怖的，可怕的
inspiring horror or intense fear
grisly:flinch=droll:laugh
恐怖的:畏缩=滑稽的:笑（因果关系）
Synonyms: GHASTLY, gruesome, hideous,
horrible, horrid, horrifying, lurid, macabre, terrible, terrifying
Sample:She shuddered at the grisly sight.
groove [^ru:v] adj. 开槽的
a long narrow channel or depression
grooved:striated=braided:strand
开槽的:有条纹的=编成辫子的:绳索（动作及其结果）【注词性不符】
striated:groove=dappled:spot
有条纹的:开槽=斑纹的:污点（同义关系）
grotesque
[^rEJ5tesk] adj. 奇怪的,可笑的
FANCIFUL,
BIZARRE
imperial:significant=grotesque:fantasy
帝王的:重要的=奇怪的:幻想（正面特征）
Synonyms: FANTASTIC, antic, bizarre
Sample:The gargoyles adorning the
Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris are amusing in their grotesqueness.
grotto [5^rRtEJ] n.小洞穴, 岩穴, 人工洞室
A small cave or
cavern
grotto:cavern=arroyo:channel
小洞穴:巨洞=小河:海峡 （小与大）
Sample:The Blue Grotto in Capri can be entered only by small boats rowed by natives through a natural opening in the rocks.
grove [^rEJv] n.小树林
a planting of fruit or nut trees
grove:trees=archipelago:islands
小树林:树木=群岛:岛屿 （组成关系）
chord:note=grove:tree
{ table:index ， river:stream,flower:stem }
和弦:音符=小树林:树木（组成关系）【注:index:A table, file, or catalog.】
Sample:A pine grove grows near the farmhouse.
grovel [5^rRv(E)l] vi. 趴,匍匐,卑躬屈膝
to lie or creep with the body prostrate in
token of subservience or abasement
minion:dependent=groveler:petitioner
奴才:依赖他人者=卑躬屈膝:请愿者（同类人）
imperious:grovel=??
傲慢的:卑躬屈膝=?? (行为及其反面特征)
supercilious<>groveling
傲慢的<>卑躬屈节的
Synonyms: FAWN, apple-polish, bootlick, cower, cringe, honey
(up), kowtow, toady, truckle
Sample:Even though we have been defeated,
we do not have to grovel before our conquerors.
grumble
[5^rQmb(E)l] n. 怨言,满腹牢骚
to mutter in discontent
Synonyms: croak, grouch, grouse, murmur, mutter, scold
Sample:The cross old lady has a proclivity
to grumble.
guarantee [^ArEn5ti:] vt. 保证,担保
to engage for the existence, permanence, or
nature of:undertake to do or secure
vouch<>refuse to guarantee
担保<>拒绝担保
Synonyms: bail, bond, guaranty, security, surety, warranty
Sample:The constitutional guarantee of
free speech may have been aimed at protecting native speakers of English from
censorship, but it is not a great extension to interpret it as protecting the
right to express oneself in any natural language or dialect.
guffaw [^Q5fC:] vi.vt. 哄笑,狂笑
a loud or boisterous burst of
laughter
Synonyms: LAUGH, chortle, chuckle, giggle, hee-haw, snicker,
tehee, titter
Sample:The remark was only slightly humorous,
inviting a chuckle, perhaps, but certainly not a guffaw.
guile [^aIl] n. 狡猾,狡计
deceitful cunning:DUPLICITY
acrid:gentleness=forthright:guile
辛辣的:柔和=直接的:狡猾（反义关系）
blemish:impeccable=guile:artless
弄脏:无瑕的=狡猾:自然的（反义关系）
impeccable:flaw=ingenuous:guile
无瑕的:错误=正直的:狡计（反义关系）
guile:artless=blemish:flawless
狡猾:自然的=弄脏:无瑕的（反义关系）
gullible:chicanery=servile:domination
易受骗的:欺骗=奴隶的:支配（人物个性及其正面被动行为）
guile:naif=tardy:prompt
狡猾:天真=迟缓的:迅速 （反义关系）
artlessness:guile=dabbler:dedication
天真:诡计=业余学者:奉献（人物及其反面特征）
guile:artless=bias:impartial
欺骗:朴实=偏见:公正（反义关系）
artless<>cunning/guile
自然的<>狡猾的
manipulate<>guileless
假造<>诚实的
Synonyms: DECEIT, cunning, dissemblance, dissimulation, duplicity
Sample:His imperturbability in the face of
evidence indicating his deliberate fraud failed to reassure supporters of his
essential probity; instead, it suggested a talent for guile that they had never
suspected.
guilt [^Ilt] n. 罪行,内疚
feelings of culpability especially for
imagined offenses or from a sense of inadequacy:SELF-REPROACH
narcissism:love=guilt:blame
自恋:爱=自责:谴责（种属关系）
guilt:expiation=fatigue:repose
罪行:赎罪=疲劳:休息 （行为及其作用对象）
Synonyms: BLAME, culpability, fault, onus
Sample:This salesman is guilty of
hyperbole in describing his product; it is wise to discount his claims.
gullible [5^QlIb(E)l] adj.易受骗的
easily duped or cheated
compliant:servile=trusting:gullible
顺从的:奴性=信任的:轻信的（褒贬关系）
gullible:artless=??
轻信的:天真的=??
gullible:chicanery=servile:domination
轻信的:诡计=奴性:支配（事物及其正面特征）
vigilant:entrapped=exacting:satisfied=wary:gulled
警惕的:骗入=苛求的:满意的=警惕的:欺骗（人物个性及其反面被动行为）
bully:intimidate=stupid:gullibility
欺凌弱小者:威吓=笨人:轻信 （人物及其特征行为）
mawkish:sentimental=gullible:trust
自作多情的:感伤的=易上当的:信任 （程度类比）
discern:acute=believe:gullible
辨别:敏锐的=相信:易受骗的（人物个性及其正面特征行为）
Synonyms: EASY, fleeceable, naive,
susceptible
Sample:She was gullible and trusting, an
easy victim for the first swindler who came along.
gully [5^QlI] n. 小峡谷,排水沟
a trench which was orig. worn in the earth by
running water and through which water often runs after rain
gully:erosion=callus:friction
小峡谷:腐蚀=老茧:磨擦（形成关系）
Sample:Steeper than a gully, less
precipitous than a canyon, a ravine is, like them, the product of years of
erosion.
gum [^Qm] n. 树胶,橡皮,上帝,牙床
any of numerous colloidal polysaccharide substances
of plant origin that are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying and are
salts of complex organic acids
resin:tree=gum:rubber plant
树脂:树=树胶:橡胶树（前者由后者生成）
gush [^QF] n. 涌出,滔滔不绝的讲话
a sudden outpouring
blast:whiff=gush:trickle
一阵风:轻轻地吹=:涌出:细流（程度关系）
gush:effusive=rage:irate
涌出:感情横溢的=大怒:发怒的（程度关系）
Sample:It is imperative that we stanch the
gushing wound before we attend to the other injuries.
gust [^Qst] n. 突然一阵,风味
a sudden brief rush of wind
gust:wind=cloudburst:rainfall / flare:light
突然一阵:风=豪雨:降雨/突然闪光:光线（种属关系）
Synonyms: OUTBURST, access, burst, eruption, explosion, flare-up,
sally
Sample:The gusty weather made sailing
precarious.
guzzle [5^Qz(E)l] vi.vt. 狂饮,暴食,喝酒化掉(钱)
to drink especially liquor greedily,
continually, or habitually
complain:carp=drink:guzzle
抱怨:吹毛求疵=喝酒:狂饮（程度关系）
Synonyms: DRINK, booze, imbibe, liquor (up), soak, swig, swill,
swizzle, tank up, tipple
Sample:He guzzled all the beer at the party
before he left.
habitable [5hAbItEb(E)l] adj. 可居住的
capable of being lived in:suitable
for habitation
potable:beverage=habitable:dwelling
可食用的:饮料=可居住的:居住（同义关系）
Synonyms: LIVABLE, inhabitable, lodgeable, occupiable, tenantable
Sample:Their old cabin in the woods is habitable
but not very comfortable.
hack [hAk] n. 雇佣文人
a writer who aims solely for
commercial success
mercenary:soldier=hack:writer
雇佣兵:士兵=雇佣文人:作家（种属关系）
Synonyms: drudge, grub, grubber, hireling, mercenary, slavey
hack [hAk] v.砍；劈开；辟出
to
cut or shape by or as if by crude or ruthless strokes
fold:crumple=carve:hack
折叠:弄皱=雕刻:砍（程度类比）
Synonyms： hackle, haggle, slash
hackneyed [5hAknId] adj.平凡的；陈腐的
lacking in freshness or originality
windy:concise=hackneyed:original
吹牛的:简洁的=陈腐的:有创意的（反义关系）
equivocation:misleading=bromide:hackneyed
模棱两可:使人误解=平凡的人:平凡的（正面特征）
equivocate:misleading=cliched:hackneyed
模棱两可:误导=陈腐的:常见的 【注:词性不符】
offbeat<>hackneyed
离奇的<>平庸的
bromide<>unhackneyed
平庸的人或物<>新奇的 【注:词性不符】
trite<>unhackneyed
陈腐的<>未陈旧的
Synonyms: TRITE, bathetic, cliche, commonplace, hack, stale,
timeworn, tired, well-worn, worn-out
Sample:The English teacher criticized her
story because of its hackneyed and unoriginal plot.
hairbreadth [`heEbredW] n.一发之差, 极小的距离
a very small distance or margin
hairbreadth<>ample
margin
一发之差<>足够的边缘
Synonyms：HAIR, ace, whisker
halcyon [5hAlsIEn] adj. 宁静的,平稳的,翠鸟的
CALM, PEACEFUL
halcyon<>tempestuous
宁静的<>暴乱的
halcyon<>stormy
宁静的<>风暴的
Synonyms: CALM, hushed, placid, quiet, still, stilly, untroubled
Sample:In those halcyon days, people were
not worried about sneak attacks and
bombings.
hale [heIl] adj. 强壮的,健壮的
free from defect, disease, or
infirmity:SOUND; also :retaining
exceptional health and vigor
effete<>hale
衰微的<>强壮的
hale<>infirm labyrinth
强壮的<>虚弱的
blighted<>hale
毁灭的<>健壮的
anemic<>strong/hale
贫血的<>强壮的/健康的
wan<>hale
病态的<>健壮的
decrepid<>hale
衰老的<>强壮的
Synonyms: HEALTHY, fit, right, sane, sound, well,
well-conditioned, well-liking, wholesome
Sample:After a brief illness, he was soon
hale.
half-baked adj.半生不熟的,
未完成的, 不完整的
a:lacking adequate planning or
forethought b:lacking in judgment,
intelligence, or common sense
half-baked<>well
thought of
不完整的<>详细计划的
Sample:She has these half-baked ideas on how to make money.
hallow [5hAlEJ] vt.使...神圣, 视为神圣
to
make holy or set apart for holy use
hallowed<>desecrate
视为神圣<>亵渎
Synonyms:
BLESS, consecrate,
sanctify
Sample:She
was laid to rest in hallowed ground.
hallucination [hElu:sI5neIF(E)n] n. 幻觉,幻想
perception of objects with no reality usually
arising from disorder of the nervous system or in response to drugs (as
LSD)
delusion:??=hallucination:perception
{mirage:imagination}
错觉:思考=幻觉:感觉 { 幻想:想象}（行为及其特殊方式）
Synonyms: DELUSION, ignis fatuus, illusion, mirage, phantasm
Sample:I think you were frightened by a
hallucination that you created in you own mind.
halting [5hC:ltIN] adj. 跛的,蹒跚的,犹豫的
marked by a lack of sureness or
effectiveness
stammer:halting=drone:monotonous
结巴的说:犹豫=单调而低沉地说:单调的 (行为及其正面特征)
fluent<>halting
流畅的<>蹒跚的
Synonyms: AWKWARD, bumbling, clumsy, gauche, inept, lumbering,
maladroit, unhandy, unhappy, wooden
Sample:Novice extemporaneous speakers
often talk in a halting fashion as they grope for the right words.
ham-handed adj.笨手笨脚的
lacking dexterity or grace:HEAVY-HANDED
ham-handed<>deft/adroit
笨手笨脚的<>敏捷熟练的/灵巧的
Synonyms: AWKWARD, bumbling, clumsy, gauche, halting,
heavy-handed, inept, maladroit, unhandy, wooden
hamper [5hAmpE(r)] vt.阻碍,使困累,妨碍
to restrict the movement of by
bonds or obstacles:IMPEDE
seminal<>hampering further development
发展的<>阻碍发展
hamper<>facilitate
阻碍<>促进
Synonyms: clog, curb, entrammel, fetter, hobble, hog-tie, leash,
shackle, tie, tie up, trammel
Sample:The minority party agreed not to
hamper the efforts of the leaders to secure a lasting peace.
hamstring [5hAmstrIN] vt. 切断腿筋使成跛腿,使残废
to make ineffective or
powerless:CRIPPLE
hamstring:effectiveness=enervate:vitality
使残废:效率=削弱:生命力 （行为及其削弱对象）
Sample:The student president tried to hamstring
the school senate because she didn't agree with its decision.
handle [5hAnd(E)l] vt. 触摸,运用,操作,处理,买卖
to act, behave, or feel in a
certain way when handled or directed
cumbersome<>easy to handle
麻烦的<>容易处理的
Synonyms: dispense, maneuver, manipulate, ply, swing, wield
Sample:The personnel department handles
the procurement of new employees.
hangdog [5hANdR^] adj. 忧愁的,悲哀的,沮丧的,灰心的 鬼鬼祟祟的,卑躬屈膝的,低贱的
SAD, DEJECTED
hangdog<>buoyant
沮丧的<>心情愉快的
hangdog<>elated
沮丧的<>兴高采烈的
hangdog<>sprightly
沮丧的<>轻快的
hankering [5hANkErIN] n. 渴望
to have a strong or persistent
desire:YEARN
hankering<>odium
渴望<>讨厌
hankering<>lack
of desire
渴望<>不寄希望
Sample:Europeans in America often hanker for a
good cup of coffee.
haphazard [hAp5hAzEd] n.,adj.&adv.偶然的
marked by lack of plan, order, or
direction
methodical<>haphazard
系统的<>偶然的
systematic<>haphazard
系统的<>偶然的
haphazard<>planned
偶然的<>有计划的
Synonyms: RANDOM, aimless, designless, desultory, hit-or-miss,
indiscriminate, irregular, unaimed, unconsidered, unplanned
Sample:His haphazard reading left him
unaquainted with the authors of the books.
hapless [5hAplIs]
adj.不幸的；运气不好的
having no luck:UNFORTUNATE
hapless<>fortunate
不幸的<>幸运的
Synonyms: UNLUCKY, ill-fated, ill-starred, luckless, misfortunate, star-crossed, unfortunate, unhappy, untoward
Sample:No work illustrated his disdain for a systematic approach to research better than his dissertation, which was rejected primarily because his bibliography constituted, at best, a haphazard survey of the major texts in his field.
harangue
[hE5rAN] n. 长篇演说
to address in a ranting way
harangue<>speak temperately
长篇演说<>有节制地说话
Synonyms: ORATE, bloviate, declaim, mouth, perorate, rant, rave,
soapbox
Sample:In her lengthy harangue, the
principal berated the offenders.
harass [5hArEs] v．烦扰
to annoy persistently
haunt:familiar=harass:irritating
常到:熟悉的=使烦恼:使愤怒的（同义关系）
Synonyms: RAID, foray, harry, maraud
harbinger [5hB:bIndVE(r)] n. 先驱,预兆
one that presages or foreshadows
what is to come
harbinger:presage=archetype:exemplify
先驱:预言=原型:例证（事物的正面特征）
Synonyms: ANNOUNCE , forerun, foreshow, herald, preindicate,
presage
Sample:Kagan maintains that an infant's
reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process of
development, not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or prophetic signs of
adolescent anxiety.
harbor n.
港，避难所v. 包庇，隐匿
to give shelter or refuge to
harbor<>evict
隐匿<>赶出
Synonyms: chamber, haven, house, roof,
shelter, shield
Sample:The church harbored illegal aliens
who were political refugees.
hard-bitten [hB:d-5bitn] adj.
顽强的, 坚韧不拔的, 不屈服的
seasoned or steeled by difficult
experience:TOUGH
hard-bitten<>tender
不屈服的<>软弱的
Sample:She is a
hard-bitten fighter against crime.
hardheaded [hB:d5hedId] adj. 冷静的,脚踏实地的,无懈可击的
STUBBORN, WILLFUL
Synonyms: OBSTINATE, bullheaded, headstrong, intractable, mulish,
pertinacious, perverse, pigheaded, self-willed, stubborn
Sample:The boss is hardheaded about office
policies; she will not change the rules for anyone.
harebrained [5heEbreInd] adj.
轻率的,欠考虑的,粗心的
FOOLISH
Synonyms: GIDDY, dizzy, empty-headed,
featherbrained, flighty, frivolous, rattlebrained, scatterbrained, silly,
skittish
Sample:He has these harebrained ideas for getting
rich that always fail.
harmonious [hB:mEJnIEs] adj. 和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的
marked by accord in sentiment or
action
clandestine:secrecy=harmony:congruity
秘密的:秘密=一致的:一致(同义关系)
acrimonious<>harmonious
严厉的<>和睦的
harmony<>discord
协调<>不调和
Synonyms: blending, chiming, consonant, harmonic, musical,
symphonic, symphonious
Sample:Edith Wharton sought in her memoir to
present herself as having achieved a harmonious wholeness by having reconciled
the conflicting elements of her life.
harness [5hB:nIs] vt.上马具, 披上甲胄, 利用(河流、瀑布等)产生动力
UTILIZE
harness<>failed
to utilize
利用<>利用失败
harness<>not able to utilize
利用<>无法利用
Sample:When we built a dam across the river, we
harnessed the river's power to produce electricity.
harp [hB:p] n. 竖琴
a plucked stringed instrument consisting of a
resonator, an arched or angled neck that may be supported by a post, and
strings of graded length that are perpendicular to the soundboard
horn:blow=harp:pluck
角:吹=竖琴:拨（乐器及其动作）
Sample:She plays the harp in a symphony
orchestra.
harrow [5hArEu] vt.耙掘, 伤害, 使苦恼
to inflict great distress or
torment on
harrow<>mollify
伤害<>平息
Synonyms： AFFLICT, agonize, crucify, excruciate, martyr, rack,
torment, torture, try, wring
Sample: I
don't want to harrow you at this time by asking you to recall the details of
your unpleasant experience.
harry [5hArI] v. 掠夺，骚扰
to make a pillaging or destructive
raid on:ASSAULT
harry<>comfort
骚扰<>安慰
harried<>untroubled
受骚扰的<>没烦恼的
harry<>mollify/check
骚扰◇平息/阻止
Synonyms: RAVAGE, depredate, desecrate,
desolate, despoil, devastate, havoc, pillage, sack, spoliate
Sample:The guerrilla band harried the
enemy nightly.
harsh [hB:F] adj. 粗糙的,刺耳的,严厉的
a:causing a disagreeable or painful sensory
reaction:IRRITATING
b:physically discomforting:PAINFUL
barb:caustic=pan:harsh
讽刺的话:刻薄的=严厉的批评:刺耳的(事物及其正面特征)
encomium<>harsh criticism
赞美<>严厉的批评
mollycoddle<>treat harshly
娇惯<>粗暴对待
paean<>harshly lampoon
赞美<>粗暴地讽刺
harshen<>soften
使变粗糙<>软化
Synonyms: ROUGH, asperous, craggy,
jagged, rugged, scabrous, scraggy, uneven, unlevel, unsmooth
Sample:We asked the gardening expert to
recommend particularly hardy plants that
could withstand our harsh New England winters.
hasten [5heIs(E)n] vt.催促 vi.赶紧
to move or act quickly
hasten<>slow the progress of
催促<>延缓过程
hasten<>check
催促<>阻碍
hasten<>retard
催促<>阻碍
check<>hasten
阻止<>促进
Synonyms: SPEED, accelerate, hurry, quicken, shake up, step up,
swiften
Sample:His mother said she is ill, so he hastened
to her house to help.
hasty [5heIstI] adj. 匆匆的,轻率的,急忙的
done or made in a hurry
hasty<>characterized by deliberation
轻率的<>深思熟虑地对待
hasty<>well considered
匆忙的<>充分考虑过的
hasty<>deliberate
轻率的<>深思熟虑的
Synonyms: FAST, breakneck, expeditious, expeditive, fleet,
harefooted, quick, rapid, speedy, swift
Sample:Donald had planned to kill his wife
for months; clearly, her death was a case of deliberate, willful murder, not a
crime of passion committed by a hasty, willful youth unable to foresee the
consequences of his deeds.
haunt [hC:nt] [hC:nt] vt. 常到，常去，(思想)萦扰，(鬼魅等)常出没于 n. 常到的地方
to visit often:FREQUENT
haunt:familiar=harass:irritating
常到:熟悉的=使烦恼:使愤怒的（同义关系）
persecute:injure=haunt:remember
迫害:损害=萦绕于:记得（同义关系）
haunt<>shun
常到<>避开
Synonyms: FREQUENT, affect, hang around,
hang out, resort
hauteur [EJ5t\:(r)] n．傲慢,高傲,自大
ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS
fawn:hauteur=self depreciate:swagger
奉承:傲慢=自我贬低:虚张声势（反面特征）
hauteur<>humility
傲慢<>谦虚
hauteur<>humbleness
傲慢<>谦逊
Synonyms: PRIDE, arrogance, disdain, disdainfulness, haughtiness,
loftiness, morgue, superbity, superciliousness
haven [5heivn] n. 避难所；安全的地方
a place of safety : ASYLUM
haven<>unsafe place
避难所<>不安全的地方
Synonyms
SHELTER , asylum, cover, covert, harbor, harborage, port, refuge,
retreat, sanctuary
havoc [5hAvEk] n.大破坏,浩劫;大混乱,大杂乱
great confusion and disorder
havoc<>serenity
大混乱<>宁静
Synonyms: RUIN, confusion, destruction,
devastation, loss, ruination
heart [hB:t] vt. 鼓起勇气,激励
to give heart to:CHEER:HEARTEN
mollify:anger=heart:dejection
平息:愤怒=激励:沮丧（消除关系）
dismay<>hearted
沮丧<>激励
headlong [5hedlRN] adj.莽撞的；轻率的
Impetuous; rash.
headlong<>deliberate
轻率的<>深思熟虑的
Synonyms: PRECIPITATE, abrupt, hasty, hurried, impetuous, precipitant, precipitous, rushing, subitaneous, sudden
Sample:The slave seized the unexpected chance to make a headlong dash across the border to freedom.
hearken [5hB:kEn] vi.倾听
to give respectful attention
hearken<>ignore
倾听<>不理睬
Synonyms: LISTEN, attend, hark, hear,
heed
hearten [5hB:tn] vt.鼓励, 激励
to give heart to : CHEER
mollify:anger=hearten:dejection
平息:生气=激励:使沮丧 （ 行为及其消除对象）
daunt<>hearten
使胆怯<>鼓舞
dismay<>hearten
沮丧<>激励
Synonyms： ENCOURAGE, animate, cheer, chirk (up), embolden, enhearten, inspirit, nerve, steel, strengthen
Sample: Wellington's
nonchalance and aplomb in the heat of battle always heartened his followers.
heartrending [5hB:trendIN] adj.令人心碎的, 伤心的, 悲惨的
causing intense sorrow or distress
earsplitting:loud=heartrending:sad
震耳欲聋的:响亮=令人心碎的:伤心 (程度类比)
heartrending:sad=deafening:loud
令人心碎的:伤心=令人心碎的:伤心
Synonyms: DEPLORABLE, afflictive, calamitous, dire, distressing, grievous, heartbreaking, lamentable, regrettable, unfortunate
Sample:The death of their child is a heart-rending tragedy.
hedge [hedV] n．修剪过的树篱，限制
vt. 用树篱围,妨碍
a means of protection or defense (as against financial
loss)
hedge:loss=quarantine:contamination=safeguard:accident
树篱:丢失=隔离:感染=保卫:事故（前者防止后者发生）
Synonyms: EQUIVOCATE, dodge, evade,
pussyfoot, shuffle, sidestep, tergiversate, tergiverse, weasel
Sample:Buying real estate is a hedge against bad times.
hedonic [hi:5dRnIk] adj.享乐的 n.享乐主义学说
of,
relating to, or characterized by pleasure
hedonist<>ascetic
享乐主义者<>禁欲者
Sample: Hedonism is a way of life for many people.
heinous [`heInEs] adj．可憎的，十恶不赦的
hatefully or shockingly evil :ABOMINABLE
heinous<>commendable
可憎的<>值得赞美的
heinous<>admirable
极可憎<>可钦佩的
Synonyms: OUTRAGEOUS, atrocious, crying,
desperate, monstrous, scandalous, shocking
Sample:Hitler's heinous crimes will never
be forgotten.
heirloom [5eElu:m] n. 传家宝,相传动产
something of special value handed on from one
generation to another
heirloom:ancestor=bequest:testator
传家宝:祖先=遗产:立遗嘱之人（人及其动作）
Sample:She
treasured the brooch because it was an heirloom.
helmet [5helmIt] n.头盔, 钢盔
any of various protective
head coverings usually made of a hard material to resist impact
amulet:evil=helmet:injury
护身符:邪恶=头盔:伤害
Sample:Bicyclists wear helmets to protect their heads.