list 12 filigree --- genuine
filigree [5fIlI^ri:] n. 金银丝做的工艺品
ornamental openwork of delicate or intricate
design
chiaroscuro:contrast=tapestry:intricacy={
filigree:delicacy }
明暗的配合:对比=丝做的工艺品:精致={挂毯:复杂}（事物及正面特征）
【注:已经由机考判分数据确认 准确答案:chiaroscuro:contrast=filigree:delicacy 】
Sample:The pendant with gold filigree that she wore
round her neck trembled with each breath she took.
filly [5fIlI] n. 小雌马,小姑娘
a young female horse usually of less than four
years
filly:horse=pullet:chicken
小母马:马=小母鸡:鸡（雌性:总称）
Sample:There was a special race for fillies.
filter [5fIltE(r)] vt.过滤 n.滤纸
a porous article or mass (as of paper or sand) through
which a gas or liquid is passed to separate out matter in suspension
winnow:chaff=filter:impurities
扬谷:谷壳=过滤:杂质（消除关系）
Sample:A very specialized feeding adaptation in
zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a
walnut-sized （or smaller） balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture
and concentrate phytoplankton.
finch [fIntF] n.【动】雀类(如燕雀,金翅雀等)
any of numerous songbirds
(especially families Fringillidae, Estrildidae, and Emberizidae) having a short
stout usually conical bill adapted for crushing seeds
finch:bird=arboretum:tree
雀类:鸟=植物园:树木 （个体与群体）【对应不工整】
finch:bird=aspen:tree=lizard:reptile=eagle:bird
雀类:鸟=白杨:树=蜥蜴:爬行动物=鹰:鸟
区别:flinch:畏缩, 退缩
finesse
[fI5nes] n. 技巧、计谋、手段
skillful handling of a situation:adroit
maneuvering
finesse<>ineptitude
技巧:愚笨的言行
Synonyms: manipulate, beguile, exploit, jockey, maneuver, play
Sample:The finesse and adroitness of the surgeon
impressed the observers in the operating room.
finicky
[5fInIkI] adj. 过分注意的,过分周到的,过分讲究的
extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous
in taste or standards
fluent:glib=humorous:wry { meticulous:finicky }
流利的:油腔滑调的=幽默的:讽刺性的幽默（褒贬程度类比）
Synonyms: nice, dainty, fastidious, finical, finicking, fussy, particular,
pernickety, persnickety, squeamish
Sample:The old lady was finicky about her food and
ate very little.
flaccid
[5flAsId]
n. 软弱,没气力
not firm or stiff;
also :lacking normal or youthful firmness
flaccidity<>firmness
软弱<>坚固
Synonyms: limp, flabby, flimsy, floppy, sleazy
Sample:Noting the murder victim's flaccid
musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had
earned his living in some sedentary occupation.
flagging [`flA^IN] adj. 下垂的,衰弱的,委顿的
LANGUID, WEAK
flagging<>thriving
衰弱的<>欣欣向荣的
flagging<>vibrant
衰弱的<>活跃的
flag<>wax
衰弱<>增加
unflagging<>fading
恒定的，不衰减的《》消逝的
Sample:When the opposing hockey team scored its
third goal only minutes into the first period, the home team's spirits flagged.
flamboyant [flAm5bCIEnt] adj. 辉耀的,华丽的,火焰似的
marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful
display or behavior
furtive:openness=flamboyant:reserved
秘密的:公开的=炫耀的:保留的 （反义关系）
flamboyant<>subdued
辉耀的:柔和的
flamboyant<>understate
辉耀的<>无装饰的
flamboyant<>natural
辉耀的<>自然的
Synonyms: ornate, baroque, florid, luscious, rich, rococo
Sample:Thomas Paine, whose political writing was
often flamboyant, was in private life a surprisingly simple man:he lived in
rented rooms, ate little, and wore drab clothes.
flange [flAndV] n. 边缘,轮缘,凸缘,法兰
a projecting edge of cloth used for
decoration on clothing
Sample:The flange on the metal wheel kept it on
the track.
flannel
[5flAn(E)l] n.法兰绒；法兰绒衣服
outer garments of flannel; especially:men's trousers
flannel:cloth=linen:fabric{ limerick:poem }
法兰绒:布=亚麻布:织物{五行民谣:诗歌} （种属关系）
Sample:He wears gray flannel suits.
flatter
[`flAtE(r)] vt.
过分夸赞,奉承,阿谀,使高兴
to praise excessively especially from motives
of self-interest
flatter:praise=loquacious:talkative
奉承:赞扬=多嘴的:喜欢说话的（褒贬类比）
sabbatical:leave=flattering:infatuation
周期性休息的:休假=谄媚的:迷恋 （正面特征）
scorn:reject=adulate:flatter=disparage:ignore
轻蔑:拒绝=谄媚:奉承=蔑视:忽视 （近义关系）
sycophant:flattery=extortionist:intimidation=toady:flatter
奉承者:奉承=勒索者:恐吓=谄媚者:奉承 （人物及其正面特征）
querulous:complain=sycophant:flattery
发牢骚的:抱怨=奉承的:谄媚 (行为及其正面特征)
sycophant:flatter=recidivist:relapse
谗言者：奉承=累犯：复发（人物及特征行为）
invective<>flatter
谩骂的<>奉承
excoriate<>flatter
严厉批评<>过分赞扬
castigate<>flatter
斥责<>称赞
Synonyms: become, enhance, suit
Sample:He was always accompanied by several of his
minions because he enjoyed their subservience and flattery.
flaw [flC:] n. 瑕疵，v. 生裂缝
a defect in physical structure or form
glitch:flaw=peccadillo:error/sin/offense
误操作:瑕癖=小错误:错误/过失/犯罪 （种属关系）
impeccable:flaw=ingenuous:guile
无暇的:瑕癖=真诚的:狡猾 （反义关系）
Sample:It is puzzling to observe that Jone's novel
has recently been criticized for its lack of structure, since commentators have
traditionally argued that its most obvious flaw is its relentlessly rigid,
indeed schematic, framework.
flax [flAks] n. 亚麻,麻布,亚麻织品
any of a genus (Linum of the family Linaceae, the flax
family) of herbs; especially:a
slender erect annual (L. usitatissimum) with blue flowers commonly cultivated
for its bast fiber and seed
clay:porcelain=flax:linen
粘土:瓷器=亚麻:亚麻制品 （前者是后者原料）
fledge [fledV]
vi. 长羽毛
to acquire the feathers necessary for flight or
independent activity
fledge<>molt
长羽毛<>脱毛
fledging<>mature
无经验的<>成熟的
Sample:It is hard for an unfledged writer to find a
sympathetic publisher.
flexible [5fleksIb(E)l]
adj. 易曲的,灵活的,可通融的,能变形的,柔软的
capable of being flexed:PLIANT
adamant:flexibility=refractory:control
坚硬的:弹性=不听话的:控制 （前者缺乏后者）
limber:flexibility=spindly:frailty
柔软的:适应性=细长的:脆弱 （正面特征）
static:move=pliable:inflexible
静态的:移动=柔软的:顽固的 （反面特征）
inflexible:alternate=??
顽固的:改变=??
calcification<>flexibility
不屈的:柔软的
flexible<>mulish
柔软的:固执的
Synonyms: elastic, resilient, springy, stretch, stretchy, supple, whippy
Sample:She is flexible and always open to new
ideas..
flinch [flIntF] v．畏缩，退缩
to withdraw or shrink from or as if from
pain:WINCE; also :to tense the
muscles involuntarily in anticipation of discomfort
grisly:flinch=droll:laugh
可怕的:畏缩:好笑的:笑 (形容词与动词的同义关系 )
grimace:pain=flinch:fear
痛苦的表情:疼痛=畏缩:害怕 （行为及其表达的心理）
stoic:flinch=??
冷静的:畏首畏尾=?? (形容词与动词的反义关系）
Synonyms: recoil, blanch, blench, quail, shrink, squinch, start, wince
区别:filch （vt. 偷窃,窃取）filth
（n. 污秽,不洁,猥亵） finch (n. 雀类)
Sample:He did not flinch in the face of danger but
fought back bravely.
flint [flInt] n. 打火石,燧石,极硬的东西
a massive hard quartz that produces a spark
when struck by steel
pestle:grind=flint stone:sharpen
槌:研磨=硬石头:尖锐化 （前是后的工具）
flippancy [`flIpEnsI] n．无礼，言语尖刻
unbecoming levity or pertness especially in respect to
grave or sacred matters
flippancy<>seriousness
轻率<>认真
flippancy<>sobriety
轻率<>严肃
flippancy<>gravity
无理<>庄重
Synonyms: lightness, flightiness, frivolity, levity, light-mindedness, volatility
Sample:Your flippancy at this serious moment is
offensive.
flirt [fl\:t] vi. 调情,玩弄,摆动,轻率地对待
to behave amorously without serious intent
flirt:decency=??
轻浮的行为:得体 （前者缺乏后者）
supplicant:beseeching=coquette:flirtatious
哀求者:哀求的=风骚的女人:轻浮的 （人物及其正面特征）
Synonyms: trifle, coquet, dally, fool, lead on, string along, toy, wanton
Sample:He flirted with disaster when he bet a lot
of money at the horseraces.
flit [flIt] n.vi.掠过, 迁徙, 迅速飞过, (鸟, 蝙蝠等)飞来飞去
to move about
rapidly and nimbly.
flit:move=blurt:utter
迅速飞过:移动:突然说出:出声
flit<>plod
迅速飞过<>缓慢移动
Sample:Like a bee flitting from flower to flower, Rose flitted from one boyfriend to the next.
flock [flRk] n. 群,一群人,大量 v.聚结
a group of birds or mammals assembled or
herded together
to gather or move in a flock
clique:intimates=flock:sheep
私党:熟友=一群羊:绵羊 （组成关系）
herd:animals=flock:birds
兽群:动物=鸟群:鸟 （组成关系）
flock<>segregate
聚集<>隔离
Synonyms: multitude, army, cloud, crowd, host, legion, rout, scores
Sample:The flock of sheep was made up of dozens of
ewes, together with only a handful of rams.
florid [5flCrid]
adj.华丽的, 红润的, 炫耀的, 绚丽的
flushed
with rosy color; ruddy
florid<>solemn
鲜艳的<>严肃的
Synonyms： RUDDY ,
flush, flushed, full-blooded, glowing, rubicund, sanguine
Sample:
His complexion was even more
florid than usual because of his anger.
flounder [5flaJndE(r)] vi.(在水中)挣扎, 困难地往前走, 踌躇, 发慌
to proceed or act clumsily or ineffectually
flounder:process=??
挣扎:进行=?? （程度类比）
flounder<>slide
挣扎着前进<>滑动
Synonyms:
wallow, blunder, lurch,
stumble
Sample:When we asked him about his past, he
floundered for a moment and then answered.
flourish [5flQrIF] vi.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺
to grow luxuriantly:THRIVE
flourish<>waste away
繁荣<>变得衰弱
flourish<>wither
茂盛<>凋谢
Synonyms: succeed, arrive, go, make out, prosper, score, thrive
Sample:Although Irish literature continued to
flourish after the sixteenth century, a comparable tradition is absent in the
visual arts:we think about Irish culture in terms of the word, not in terms of
pictorial images.
flout [flaJt] v\n.嘲弄,愚弄,轻视
to treat with contemptuous disregard:SCORN
flout:disregard=taunt:challenge
轻视:忽视=嘲弄:蔑视 （因果关系）
Synonyms: scoff, fleer, gibe, jeer, jest, quip(at), scout(at), sneer
Sample:The headstrong youth flouted all authority;
he refused to be curbed.
fluctuate [5flQktjJeIt] vi. 变动,上下,动摇
to shift back and forth uncertainly
pristine:decay=stable:fluctuation
纯洁的:腐败=稳定的:动摇 （行为及其反面特征）
Sample:Until the current warming trend exceeds the
range of normal climatic fluctuations, there will be, among scientists,
considerable uncertainty about the possibility that increasing levels of
atmospheric CO2 can cause long-term warming effects.
fluent [5flu:Ent] adj. 流利的,流畅的
a:ready or facile in speech
b:effortlessly smooth and rapid:POLISHED
fluent:glib=humorous:wry
流利的:能言善道的=幽默地:讽刺性幽默 （同义关系）
fluent:glib=meticulous:nitpick/finicky
流利的:能言善道的=过细的:过分注意的 （同义关系）
fluent<>halting
流利的<>犹豫的
Synonyms: cursive, effortless, flowing, running, smooth
Sample:She speaks fluent Japanese.
plumage [5plu:mIdV] n.鸟类羽毛, 翅膀
the feathers of a bird
plumage:bird=foliage:bush
鸟类羽毛:鸟=树叶:树丛 (事物及其所属物)
flush [flQF] vi.(脸)发红, 奔涌, 充沛, 惊飞
to pour liquid over or through; especially:to cleanse or wash out with
or as if with a rush of liquid
galvanize:stimulate=irrigate:flush
刺激:刺激=冲洗伤口:冲洗 （同义关系）
Synonyms: rich, affluent, moneyed, opulent, wealthy
Sample:His flushed, angry face indicated a choleric
nature.
fluster
[5flQstE(r)] v. 慌乱,狼狈,混乱,激动
to put into a state of agitated
confusion:UPSET
flustered<>calm
慌乱的:冷静的
Synonyms: discompose, agitate, bother, discombobulate, disquiet, disturb, flurry,
perturb, unhinge, upset
Sample:The teacher's sudden question flustered him
and he stammered his reply.
fluvial [5flu:vIEl] adj.河流的, 生长在河中的, 河流冲刷作用形成的
of, relating to, or living in a stream or river
fluvial:river=sidereal:star
河流的:河流=恒星的:恒星 （名词及其形容词）
foible [5fCibl] n．小缺点，小毛病
a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or
behavior:WEAKNESS
squabble:dispute=foible:failing
小争吵:争吵=小缺点:缺点 （小和正常）
tiff:squabble=foible:failing
小争吵:小争吵=缺点:缺点 （同义关系）
squabble:quarrel=foible:failing
小争吵:争吵=小缺点:缺点（小和正常）
miff:quarrel=foible:flaw
小争吵:争吵=小缺点:缺点（小和正常）
Synonyms: fault, failing, frailty, vice
Sample:We can overlook the foibles of our friends;
no one is perfect.
foil [fCIl] v. 阻挠，n. ①花剑，②金属薄片
a thin piece of material (as metal) put under an
inferior or paste stone to add color or brilliance
foil:metal=veneer:wood
金属薄片:金属=镶面板:木材 （前是镶在后者上的薄片）
Synonyms: frustrate,
baffle, balk, beat, bilk, buffalo, circumvent, dash, disappoint, thwart
Sample:In "Star Wars," dark, evil Darth
Vader is a perfect foil for fair-haired, naive Luke Skywalker.
foliage [5fEJlIIdV] n.树叶, 植物
the aggregate of leaves of one or more plants
plumage:bird=foliage:bush
鸟类羽毛:鸟=树叶:树丛 (事物及其所属物)
Sample:Every autumn before the leaves fell he
promised himself he would drive though the New England to admire the colorful
fall foliage.
folly [5fRlI] n.愚笨,愚蠢;傻念头
a foolish act or idea
folly<>sagacious
愚笨的<>聪明的
Synonyms: foolishness, absurdity, craziness, dottiness, inanity, insanity, insanity,
preposterousness, senselessness, silliness, witlessness
Sample:I am often impressed by my own tolerance of
other people’s idiocies:what is harder to appreciate is that they, in their
folly, are equally engaged in putting up with mine.
foment [fEJ5ment] vt.引发，煽动
to promote the growth or development
of:ROUSE, INCITE
conducive:foment=tonic:invigorate
有助于……的:煽动=滋补的:使健壮 （因果关系）
disseminate:information=foment:discontentment
传播:信息=煽动:不满 （行为及其对象）
defuse<>foment
缓和<>煽动
foment<>inhibit
煽动<>禁止
quell<>foment/instigate/rouse
镇压<>煽动/刺激/奋起
squelch<>foment
镇压<>煽动
foment<>quash/quell
煽动<>镇压
impede<>promote/foment
阻碍<>促进/煽动
placate<>foment
安抚<>刺激
thwart<>foment/foster/bolster
阻挠<>煽动/鼓励/支持
foment<>allay
煽动<>减轻
Synonyms: incite, abet, instigate, provoke, raise, set, set on, stir(up), whip(up)
Sample:This report will foment disssension in the
club.
fondness [`fCndnIs] n. 慈爱; 溺爱；喜爱,嗜好
tender affection
fascination:interest=adoration:fondness
迷恋:兴趣=崇拜:喜爱 （程度类比）
Synonyms: love, affection, attachment, devotion, appetite, inclination, liking, soft
spot, taste, weakness
Sample:She had an inordinate fondness for candy.
foolhardy [5fu:lhB:dI] adj. 鲁莽的，有勇无谋的
foolishly adventurous and bold:RASH
Synonyms: adventurous, adventuresome, audacious, daredevil, daring, rash, reckless,
temerarious, venturesome, venturous
Sample:Don't be foolhardy. Get the advice of
experienced people before undertaking this venture.
footloose [5fJtlu:s] adj. 自由自在的，无拘束的
having no ties:free to move about
dauntless:trepidation=footloose:attachment
无畏的:恐惧=无拘束的:附着 （行为及其反面特征）
footloose:attachment=unversed:familiarity
没有限制的:附属=不熟练的:熟悉 （名词与形容词的反面关系）
footloose<>attached
无拘束的<>附着的
Sample:After military service, he was footloose
and fancy-free, so he toured Europe.
forebear [5fC:beE(r)]
n. 祖先, 祖宗
forebears<>descendants
祖先<>后代
Synonyms: ancestor, antecedent, ascendant, forefather, primogenitor, progenitor
Sample:Reverence for one's forebears (sometimes
referred to as ancestor worship) plays an important part in many Oriental
cultures.
ford [fC:d] n.浅滩,可涉水而过的地方河等水体的浅处
A shallow place in a body of water, such as a river,
where one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a vehicle
ford:river=pass:mountain{ shore:lake }
浅滩:河流=隘口:山 （通过前者穿过后者）【注:pass:A way, such as a narrow gap between mountains,
that affords passage around, over, or through a barrier.】
Sample:Rather than risk using the shaky rope bridge,
David walked a half-mile downstream until he came to the neartest ford.
forestry [5fRrIstrI] n. 林产,森林地, 林学
the management of growing timber
tree:forestry=flower:horticulture
树:林学=花:园艺学 （前者是后者研究对象）
Sample:Her son went to Yale University to study
forestry.
foreword [5fC:w\:d] n.前言, 序
prefatory comments (as for a book) especially when
written by someone other than the author
foreword:introductory=appellation:designate
前言:介绍性的=命名:任命 （行为及其正面特征）【注:选项对应不工整】
Synonyms: INTRODUCTION, exordium, overture, preamble, preface,
prelude, prelusion, proem, prolegomenon, prologue
Sample:The author wrote a foreword to be used as
the first page of her book.
forgery
[5fC:dVErI] n. 伪造,伪造罪,伪造物
an act of forging;
especially:the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or altering a
document (as a check)
plagiarism:ideas=forgery:documents
剽窃:思想=伪造:文件 （行为及其对象）
Sample:The painting, which sold for $500,000,
turned out to be a forgery; it was only really worth $10,000.
forgo [fC:5^Eu] vt.作罢, 放弃
to give up the
enjoyment or advantage of : do without
forget:oblivion=forgo:disuse
忘记:遗忘=放弃:废弃（动词及其名词的同义关系）
Synonyms eschew, forbear, sacrifice
formidable [5fC:mIdEb(E)l]
adj. 可怕的，困难的
causing fear, dread, or apprehension
formidable<>comforting
可怕的<>安慰的
formidable<>simple
困难的<>简单的
formidable<>enticing
可怕的<>诱人的
formidable<>reassuring
困难的<>可靠的
formidable<>genial
令人畏惧的<>亲切的
Synonyms: fearful, appalling, awful, dreadful, frightful, horrible, horrific,
shocking, terrible, terrific; hard, arduous, difficult, effortful, labored,
laborious, strenuous, toilsome, tough, uphill
Sample:Even though formidable winters are the norm
in the Dakotas, many people were unprepared for the ferocity of the blizzard of
1888.
forthright [5fC:WraIt] adj.直接的;立即的；直率的；坦白的
free from ambiguity or evasiveness:going straight to the
point
acrid:gentleness=forthright:guile
尖刻的:亲切=直率的:欺骗 （行为及及其反面特征）
furtive<>open/forthright/brassy
秘密的<>公开的/直接的/公然的
furtive<>above board
偷偷摸摸的<>光明正大的
Synonyms: straightforward, aboveboard, plain dealing, straight, frank, candid,
direct, open, openhearted, plain, single, undisguised, unvarnished
Sample:In the midst of so many evasive comments,
this forthright statement, whatever its intrinsic merit, plainly stands out as
an anomaly.
fortify
[5fC:tIfaI] vt. 增强
to make strong:as to give physical strength, courage, or
endurance to
debilitated<>fortified
虚弱的:增强的
vitiate<>fortify
使实效:增强
enervate<>fortify/strengthen
使衰弱:增强/加强
Synonyms: strengthen, energize, invigorate, reinforce
Sample:He fortified himself with a glass of
whisky before going out in the cold weather.
foster [5fC:rstEr] vt. 养育,抚育,抱(希望),鼓励,培养
to promote the growth or development
of:ENCOURAGE
foster<>stifle
{ retract }
鼓励<>抑制
thwart<>foment/foster/bolster
阻挠<>煽动/鼓励/支持
Synonyms: nurse, cherish, cultivate, nourish, nursle, nurture; advance, encourage,
forward, further, promote, serve
Sample:No one expected Foster to forsake his wife
and children and run off with another woman.
founder
[5faJndE(r)] n.创立者，奠基者
one that founds or establishes
Synonyms: father, architect, author, creator, generator, inventor, maker, originator,
patriarch, sire
Sample:Among those drowned when the Titanic sank was the
founder of the Abraham & Straus chain.
founder
[5faJndE(r)] vt. 弄摔倒,弄跛,浸水,破坏，淹没
to become submerged:SINK
founder<>stay aloft
淹没<>在高处
founder<>keep
aloft
沉没<>在高处
founder<>afloat
沉没<>漂浮
founder<>succeed
失败<>成功
Synonyms: sink, go down, go under, submerge, submerse
Sample:After hitting the submerged iceberg, the
Titanic started taking in water rapidly and soon foundered.
fracture [5frAktFE(r)] n. 破碎,骨折
RUPTURE, TEAR
cement<>fracture
结合:破碎
Synonyms: breach, break, fissure, rent, rift, rupture, schism, split
Sample:They found a small fracture in the wing of
the plane.
fragile
[5frAdVl]
adj. 易碎的,脆的
a:easily broken or destroyed
b:constitutionally delicate:lacking in physical
vigor
fragile:break=porous:penetrate
易碎的:破碎=多孔的:渗透 （因果关系）
limber:flexibility=spindly:frailty
柔软的:适应性=细长的:脆弱 （正面特征）
hardness<>frailty
坚强<>脆弱
stamina<>frailty
毅力<>脆弱
Synonyms: breakable, frail, frangible, shatterable, shattery; weak, decrepit, feeble,
flimsy, frail, infirm, insubstantial, unsound, unsubstantial, weakly
Sample:That dish is fragile, so be careful.
fraudulent [5frCdjJlEnt]
adj. 欺诈的,不正的,不诚实的
characterized by, based on, or done by fraud:DECEITFUL
authenticity:fraudulent=sincerity:hypocritical
真实:欺诈的=真诚:伪善的 （反面特征）
hoax:fraudulent=paragon:excellent
愚弄:欺骗的=模范:优秀的
（事物及其正面特征）
Sample:The government seeks to prevent fraudulent and
misleading advertising.
freelancer [5fri:lB:nsE(r)] n. 自由作家；自由记者
a person who pursues a
profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer
nomad:domicile=freelancer:employer
游牧民:住所=自由作家:老板 （缺乏关系）
freewheel [fri: wi:l]
vi. 轻松快活地行动,凭惯性前进
to move, live, or play freely or
irresponsibly
Sample:It is assumed that scientists will avoid making fraudulent claims about
the results of their experiments because of the likelihood that they will be
exposed when other researchers cannot duplicate their findings.
frenzy [5frenzI] n.狂热
a violent mental or emotional agitation
convulsion:contraction=frenzy:emotion
痉挛:收缩=狂怒:感情 （事物及其反常状态）
energetic:frenetic=firm:obdurate
精力充沛的:狂热的=坚定的:固执地 （褒对贬）
calmness:frenzy=abandon:inhibition
平静:狂暴=放纵:压抑 （反义关系）
frenzy:calm＝abandon:prohibit
狂暴:使平静=放任:禁止 （行为及其消除对像）
firm:obstinate=energic:frenetic
坚定的:顽固的=精力充沛的:狂热的（程度类比）
Sample:As soon as they smelled smoke, the frenzied
animals milled about in their cages.
frequent [5fri:kwEnt] v. 时常出入频繁的访问；经常在那儿或常常出现:
to associate with, be in, or resort to often
or habitually
frequent<>shun { avoid }
时常出入<>避开
【注:此题争议较大 shun侧重强调避开一个地方，avoid
侧重强调避开人或事物，防止发生】
Synonyms: affect, hang around, hang out, haunt, resort
Sample:He frequents the local restaurants often.
fresco [5freskEJ] n.壁画
the art of painting on freshly spread moist lime plaster
with water-based pigments
fresco:wall=parquetry:floor
壁画:墙=木地板:地板 （前者在后者上面）
Sample:The cathedral is visited by many tourists who
wish to admire the frescoes by Glotto.
fret [fret] v.(使)烦恼, (使)焦急, (使)腐蚀, (使)磨损
an agitation of mind:IRRITATION
draconian:inclemency=fret:vexation
严峻的:严酷=烦恼:烦恼 （同义关系）【 注:词性不符】
Synonyms: ANNOY, abrade, bother,
chafe, exercise, gall, irk, provoke, ruffle, vex
Sample:To fret over your poor grades is foolish; instead, decide to work harder
in the future.
friable
[5fraIEb(E)l] adj.易碎的
easily crumbled or pulverized
friable:crumble=malleable:alter
易碎的:弄碎=有延展性的:改变 （正面特征）
impervious:friable=nonflammable:combustible
不受影响的:易碎的=不可燃的:易燃的 （反面特征）
friable:crumbed=lucid:comprehended
易碎的:碎的=易懂的:理解的 （事物特征及其形容词的正面被动关系）
friable<>not
easily crumbled/resistance to be pulverized
易碎的<>不易碎的/抵抗变碎
friable<>difficult to crumble
易碎的<>不易碎的
friable<>substantial
易碎的<>坚固的
Synonyms: short, brittle, crisp, orumbly, crump, crunchy
Sample:The pages of the old book are yellowed and
friable.
friction [5frIkF(E)n]
n. 摩擦,医疗摩擦,不和
the rubbing of one body against another
abraded:friction=desiccated:dehydration
摩擦的:摩擦=脱水的:脱水 （同义关系）
abraded:friction=vaporized:heat
磨损:摩擦=蒸发:加热 （作用及其结果）
Sample:At this time when harmony is essential, we
cannot afford to have any friction in our group.
frieze [fri:z]
n. （在墙顶与天花板间起装饰作用的）横条，饰带
a heavy durable coarse wool and shoddy fabric with a
rough surface
frieze:building=illumination:manuscript
饰带:建筑物=装饰性的图画:手稿 （事物及其装饰对象）
Sample:The frieze of the church was adorned with
sculpture.
frigid [5frIdVId]
adj. 死板的；呆板的，寒冷的
sweltering<>frigid
炎热的:寒冷的
soaking:wet::exuberant:happy=frigid:cool
湿透的:湿=非常高兴:高兴=严寒:冷
（程度类比）
soaking:damp=frigid:cool
湿透的:潮湿的=严寒:冷（程度类比）
Synonyms: cold, arctic, chill, chilly, cool, freezing, frosty, gelid, glacial, icy;
inhibited, passionless, undersexed, unresponsive
Sample:Alaska is in the frigid zone.
frivolous [5frIvElEs] adj. 轻佻的,妄动的,琐碎的
intensely cold
frivolous:gravity=brash:discretion
轻佻的:严肃=仓促的:慎重 （反面特征）
grandeur<>frivolous
庄严<>轻佻的
frivolous<>sober
轻佻的<>冷静的
temperance<>frivolous
节制<>轻佻的【词性不符】
Synonyms: giddy, bird-witted, dizzy, empty-headed, featherbrained, flighty,
harebrained, rattlebrained
Sample:Though Nancy enjoyed Bill's frivolous,
lighthearted companionship, she sometimes wondered whether he could ever be
serious.
frothy [`frCWI] adj.起泡的, 多泡的, 空洞的
gaily frivolous or light in
content or treatment:INSUBSTANTIAL
frothy<>weighty
空洞的<>沉重的
frowzy [5fraJzI] adj. 不整洁的,有臭味的,很闷的 (frowsy)
having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance
dapper<>frowsy
整洁的<>不整洁的
Synonyms: slatternly, blowsy, dowdy, draggletailed, slattern, sordid; malodorous,
funky, fusty, musty, noisome, rank, reeking, smelly, stale, stinking
frugal [5fru:^(E)l] adj.节约的,节俭的
characterized by or reflecting economy in the
use of resources
parsimony:frugal=hubris:pride
过分节俭:节俭的=傲慢:骄傲的 （褒贬程度类比）
frugal:penurious=deference:sycophant
节俭的:贫穷的=顺从地:奉承者 （因果关系）
frugal:impecunious=temperate:sober
节俭的:贫穷的=适度的:冷静的（因果关系）
obsequious:attentiveness=parsimonious:frugality
献媚的:关心的=吝啬:节俭 （褒贬程度类比）
officious:attentive=parsimony:frugal
多管闲事的:干涉=吝啬:节俭（褒贬程度类比）
frugal:penurious=firm:obdurate
节俭的:吝啬的=坚定的:顽固的 （褒贬程度类比）
frugality<>extravagancy
节俭<>奢侈
prodigal<>frugal
浪费的<>节省的
frugal<>sumptuous
节俭的<>奢侈的
Synonyms: sparing, canny, chary, economical, saving, Scotch, stewardly, thrifty,
unwasteful, wary
Sample:She is most frugal in matters of business,
but in her private life she reveals a streak of prodigality.
frustrate [5frQstret] v．挫败，使沮丧
a:to balk or defeat in an endeavor
b:to induce feelings of discouragement in
frustrate<>abet
使沮丧:唆使
Synonyms: baffle, balk, beat, bilk, buffalo, circumvent, dash, disappoint, foil,
ruin, thwart;
Sample:Eric was frustrated because, although he was
adept at making lies sound plausible, when telling the truth, he lacked the
power to make himself believed.
full-bodied [ful-5bCdid] adj. 味道浓郁的
imparting to the palate the general impression of
substantial weight and rich texture
full-bodied:flavor=resonant:sound
味道浓郁的:味道=洪亮的:声音 （形容词及其修饰的名词）
Synonyms: strong, concentrated, lusty, potent, robust
Sample:That red wine has a full-bodied taste.
fulminate
[5fJlmEnet] v.严厉谴责，使爆发
to send forth censures or
invectives
fulminate:criticize=adulate:flatter
严厉谴责:批评=奉承:夸奖 （程度类比）
Sample:The people against whom she
fulminated were innocent of any wrongdoing.
fungi [`fQN^aI] n. 菌类,蘑菇
any of a major group (Fungi) of saprophytic and
parasitic spore-producing organisms usually classified as plants that lack
chlorophyll and include molds, rusts, mildews, smuts, mushrooms, and yeasts
fungi:ecologist=motivation:psychologist
菌类:生态学者=动机:心理学家 （人物及其研究对象）
furnace
[5f\:nIs] n. 火炉,熔炉,磨练
an enclosed structure in which heat is
produced
furnace:heat=generator:electricity
火炉:热=发电机:电 （事物及其对象）
Sample:The blast furnace had a special opening at
the bottom to allow the workers to remove the worthless slag.
furor [`fjJErR:(r)] n.激怒, 狂热, (诗情的)激情
A general commotion; public disorder or
uproar.
furor<>serenity
激情<>平静
Synonyms: DELIRIUM, frenzy
Sample:The story of her embezzlement of the funds
created a furor on the stock exchange.
furtive
[5f\:tIv] adj. 偷偷的，秘密的
done by stealth:SURREPTITIOUS
caprice:whimsical=stealth:furtive=discontent:unsatisfied
反复无常:反复无常的=偷偷:偷偷地=不满:不满的 （同义关系）
furtive:openness=flamboyant:reserved
秘密的:公开的=炫耀的:保留的 （反义关系）
furtive<>open/forthright/brassy
偷偷地:公开/直接/
furtively<>candidly
偷偷地<>坦白的
sublime<>furtive
庄严的<>鬼鬼祟祟的
Synonyms: secret, clandestine, covert, hugger-mugger, hush-hush, stealthy, sub-rosa,
surreptitious
Sample:The boy gave a furtive look at his
classmate's test paper.
fury [5fjJErI] n.狂怒, 狂暴, 激烈, 狂怒的人,〈希神〉复仇女神
intense,
disordered, and often destructive rage
effervescence:feeling=fury:anger
兴奋:情绪=狂怒:恼火 （程度类比）
Synonyms: ANGER, indignation, ire, mad, rage, wrath
Sample:The storm attacked the coast with the fury
of a hurricane.
fussy [5fQsI]
adj.为琐事而担忧的, 过分装饰的, 繁琐的, 急躁, 爱挑剔的, 难取悦的,
Calling for or requiring great attention to
sometimes trivial details
assert:belabor=tend:fuss
断言:冗长的分析=照顾:不必要的关心的状态 （正常与过分）
garrulous:talkative=fussy:careful
过分多话的:健谈的=琐屑的=仔细的（正常与过分）
Synonyms: CAREFUL, conscientious, conscionable, exact, heedful,
meticulous, painstaking, punctilious, punctual, scrupulous
Sample:Dentists criticize the practice of giving
fussy children sweets to pacify them.
fusty [5fQstI] adj.旧式的, 霉臭的, 陈腐的, 古板的
saturated with dust
and stale odors:MUSTY
fusty<>fresh
霉臭的<>新鲜的
futile [[
5fju:tail,] adj.琐细的, 无用的,
无效果的, (人)没有出息的
serving no useful purpose : completely
ineffective
bootless:futility=effulgent:resplendence
无用的:无用=光辉灿烂的:灿烂 （同义关系）
interesting:intriguing=bootless:futile
有趣的:有趣的=无用的:无用的（同义关系）
bootless:futility=void:empty
无用的:无益的=空洞的:空的 （同义关系）
futility<>effectiveness
无用<>效力
futile<>efficacious
无用的<>有效的
Synonyms： abortive, bootless, fruitless, ineffective, ineffectual, unavailable, unavailing, unprevailing, unproductive, useless, vain
Sample:Give he previously expressed interest and the ambitious tone of her
recent speeches, the senator’s attempt to convince the public that she is not
interested in running for a second term is futile .
gab [^Ab] n.饶舌, 多嘴, 爱说话 vi.空谈, 唠叨, 瞎扯
to talk in a rapid
or thoughtless manner:CHATTER
Synonyms: CHAT, babble, chatter, clack,
gabble, jaw, prate, prattle, yak, yakety-yak
Sample:Students like to gab while they eat lunch.
gadfly [5^AdflaI] n. 虻，牛虻，讨厌的人
a person who stimulates or annoys especially by
persistent criticism
gadfly:goad=humorist:amuse
牛牤:刺激=有幽默的人:发笑 （正面动作:gadfly刺激人、牛）
Sample:Like a gadfly, he irritated all the guests at
the hotel; within forty eight hours, everyone regarded him as an annoying
busybody.
gaffe [^Af] n. （社交上令人不快的）失言，失态
a social or diplomatic blunder
exploit:heroic=gaffe:tactless {problem:unsolvable}
开拓:英雄的=失态:不机智的 { 问题：无法解决的} （行为及其正面特征）
miscalculation:judgment=gaffe:decorum
错误的估计:判断=失态:礼仪 （事物及其特殊状态）
illusion:perception=gaffe:judgment
幻想:感觉=过失:判断 （事物及其特征化方式）
Synonyms: blooper, boner, impropriety, indecorum, solecism
Sample:According to Miss Manners, to call your husband
by your lover's name is worse than a mere gaffe; it is a tactical mistake.
gainsay
[^eIn5seI]
v. 否认
to declare to be untrue or invalid
gainsay<>affirm
否认:确认
Synonyms: deny, contradict, contravene, cross, disaffirm, impugn, negate, negative,
traverse
Sample:That the Third Battalion's fifty-percent
casualty rate transformed its assault on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem
into a debacle does not gainsay eyewitness reports of its commander's
extraordinary cleverness in deploying his forces.
gait [^eIt]
n.步态，步法
a manner of walking or moving on foot
gait:walk=parlance:speak
步法:走=语法:说 （行为及其规范）
Synonyms: speed, celerity, pace, quickness, rapidity, rapidness, swiftness, velocity
Sample:The lame man walked with an uneven gait.
galaxy [5^AlEksI] n. 银河,星系,一群显赫的人物
an assemblage of brilliant or notable persons
or things
galaxy:stars
= archipelago:island
星系:恒星=群岛:岛屿（组成关系）
Sample:Unlike the easily studied neutral and ionized
materials that compose the primary disk of the Milky Way itself, the components
of the region surrounding our galaxy have proved more resistant to study.
gall [^C:l] v. 使烦恼,使焦躁,难堪
to fret and wear away by friction:CHAFE
gall<>lull
焦躁<>平静
gall<>calm/assuage
焦躁<>冷静/镇定
galling<>placating
焦躁的<>抚慰的
gall<>placate
使烦恼<>安抚
gall<>appease
使焦躁<>平息
Synonyms: ANNOY ,
abrade, bother, chafe, exercise, fret, irk, provoke, ruffle, vex
Sample:It galled me when my best
friend stopped speaking to me.
gallant [5^AlEnt] adj.英勇的, 豪侠的, 堂皇的, 壮丽的, 华丽的, 对妇女献殷勤的
nobly chivalrous
and often self-sacrificing
gallant<>craven
英勇的<>胆小的
Synonyms BRAVE, bold, bravehearted, dauntless,
game, heroic, lionhearted, manful, manly, stouthearted
galvanize [5^AlvEnaIz] v. 电镀，通电，激励
to stimulate or excite as if by an electric
shock
galvanize:stimulate=irrigate:flush
刺激:刺激=冲洗伤口:冲洗 （同义关系）
galvanize<>lull
激励<>使平静
galvanize<>allay
激励<>减轻
Synonyms: provoke, excite, innervate, innerve, motivate, move, pique, prime, quicken,
stimulate
Sample:The entire nation was galvanized into strong
military activity by the news of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
gamble [5^Amb(E)l] v. 赌博,孤注一掷
to stake something on a contingency:take a
chance
adamant:yield=cautious:gamble
固执地:屈服=小心的:冒险 （反面特征）
Synonyms: bet, game, lay, play, put(on), set, stake, wager; chance, hazard, risk
Sample:Corrupt politicians who condone the
activities of the gamblers are equally culpable.
gangling [5^ANlIN] adj.瘦长得难看的
loosely and awkwardly built:LANKY
Synonyms:
gangly, lanky, rangy,
spindling, spindly
Sample:He is tall with gangling arms.
garble [5^B:b(E)l]
v. 曲解，窜改
to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression
or change the meaning
correct:accurate=garble:unintelligible
改正:正确=曲解:难以辩明的 （目的关系）
ramshackle:soundness=garbled:clarity
摇晃的:稳固=曲解的:清楚 （反面特征）
garble<>elucidate
曲解<>清晰说明
garble<>report accurately
断章取义<>精确的报告
Synonyms: misrepresent, belie, color, distort, falsify
Sample:The mannual that came with my VCR was no
masterpiece of expository prose:its explanations were so garbled that I
couldn't even figure out how to rewind a tape.
gargantuan [^B:5^AntjuEn] adj.巨大的, 庞大的
of immense size,
volume, or capacity; gigantic
gargantuan:large=excruciating:painful
巨大的:大的=极其痛苦的:痛苦的（程度类比）
minute<>gargantuan
微小的<>巨大的
garish [5^eErIF] adj. 炫耀的,过分装饰的
clothed in vivid colors
prying:inquisitive=garish:colorful
爱打听的:好奇的=过分妆饰的:华丽的 （褒贬程度类比）
fawn:attentive=garish:colorful
奉承:留心=过分妆饰的:有色彩的 （褒贬程度类比）
bumptious:assertive=garish:colourful{compendious:succinct}{exuberant:happy}
盲目自大的:武断的=过分装饰的:华丽的（褒贬程度类比）【注：判分数据确认】
grandiloquent:language=garish:apparel
夸张的:语言=过分装饰的:衣服（事物及其修饰）
Synonyms: gaudy, blatant, brazen, chintzy, flashy, glaring, loud
Sample:She wore a garish rhinestone necklace.
garment
[5^B:mEnt] n.衣服；服装，衣着
an article of clothing
hem:garment=ruffle:shirt=molding:cabinet
折边:衣服=褶皱:衬衫=木头的花纹:橱柜 （前者装饰后者）
lint:covering=tarpaulin:garment
皮棉:覆盖物=油布雨衣:衣服 （种属关系）
tarpaulin:covering=raincoat:garment
防水油布:覆盖物 = 雨衣:衣服 (种属关系)
Synonyms: clothe, apparel, array, attire, clad, dress, enclothe, garb, raiment
Sample:She always discarded all garments that were
no longer modish.
garner [5^B:nE(r)] n. 谷仓,积蓄
a:GRANARY
b:a grain bin
Synonyms: reap, gather, harvest, ingather, clean, cull, extract, gather, pickup,
accumulate, amass, cumulate, hive, lay up, roll up, stockpile, store(up), uplay
Sample:She hoped to garner the world's literature in
one library.
garrulous [5^ArJlEs] adj．唠叨的，多话的
given to prosy, rambling, or tedious
loquacity:pointlessly or annoyingly talkative
garrulous:talkative=cloying:sweet
过分多话的:健谈的=过分甜的:甜的 （程度类比）
garrulous:talkative=fussy:careful
过分多话的:健谈的=琐屑的:仔细的（程度类比）
garrulous/loquacious:words=prodigal:money
多话的:话语=浪费的:钱（人物个性特征及其对象）
Synonyms: talktive, babblative, chatty, loose-lipped, loose-tongued, loquacious,
multiloquent, talky, tonguey
Sample:Many club members avoided the company of the
garrulous junior executive because his contant chatter bored them to tears.
gash [^AF] n. 砍得很深的伤口,很深的裂缝
a deep long cut in flesh
cleft:chasm=cut:gash
裂缝:很深的裂口=伤口:很深的伤口 （程度类比）
Synonyms: cut, incise, pierce, slash, slice, slit
Sample:The boy fell and gashed his
cheek.
gasification [9^AsIfI`keIFEn] n. 气化
conversion into gas; especially:conversion of coal into natural gas
gasification/vaporization<>solidification
汽化<>固体化
Sample:Despite many decades of research on the
gasification of coal, the data accumulated are not directly applicable to
environmental questions; thus a new program of research specifically addressing
such questions is warranted.
gauche [^EJF] adj. 笨拙的,粗鲁的,无礼的
lacking social experience or grace; also:not tactful:CRUDE
cacophony:voice=gaucherie:skill
不愉快的音调:语音=笨拙:技巧 （形容词及其修饰名词）
gaucheness<>polish
粗鲁的<>优雅的
Sample:Such remarks are gauche and out of place; you
should apologize for making them.
gaudy [5^C:dI] adj. 俗丽的
ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented
gaudy:apparel=grandiloquent:speak
俗丽的:衣服=夸张的:言语 （形容词及其修饰名词）
Synonyms: blatant, brazen, chintzy, flashy, garish, glaring, loud, meretricious,
tawdry, tinsel
Sample:Her gaudy taste in clothes apalled us.
gauge [^eIdV] n.标准规格;量针;容量.范围 vt. 精确计量,估计
a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to some
standard or system
gauge:pressure=scale:weight
计量器:压力=天平:重量 （事物及其测量对象）
measure:dimensions:calibrate:diameter=gauge:pressure=plumb:depth
测量:尺寸=校准:直径=精确计量:压力=探测:深度 （事物及其测量对象）
Synonyms: standard, benchmark, criterion, measure, touchstone, yardstick
Sample:Changes of fashion and public taste are
often ephemeral and resistant to analysis, and yet they are among the most
sensitive gauges of the state of the public's collective consciousness.
gear [^IE(r)] n. 齿轮,工具
a toothed wheel
gear:tooth=screw:thread
齿轮:齿牙=螺杆:螺线 （组成关系）
Synonyms: cog, cogwheel, pinion, toothed wheel,
spurwheel, sprocket, ragwheel, lanternwheel.
Sample:The car could
not go up the acclivity in high gear.
genealogy [dVi:nI5AlEdVI] n. 系谱,宗谱,家系
an account of the descent of a person, family,
or group from an ancestor or from older forms
Sample:He was proud of his genealogy and
constantly referred to the achievements of his ancestors.
generality [dVenE5rAlItI] n. 概论,概说,大要
the quality or state of being general
ecumenical:generality=entire:integrity
普遍性的:概论=完全的:完整（同义关系）
Sample:This report is filled with
generalities; you must be more specific in your statements.
genial [5dVi:nIEl] adj. 和蔼的,亲切的,友善的
marked by or diffusing sympathy or
friendliness
resourceful:inventiveness=philanthropic:geniality
策略的:发明=博爱的:亲切（正面特征）
genial<>dyspeptic
温和的<>郁闷，乖僻
caustic<>palliating/genial
腐蚀的<>缓和的
dour<>congenial/genial
严厉的<>适宜的
mordant<>genial
尖酸的<>温和的
genial<>truculent
温和的<>好战凶猛的
Synonyms: GRACIOUS, affable, congenial,
cordial, sociable
Sample:This restaurant is famous and
popular because of the geniality of the proprietor, who tries to make everyone
happy.
genteel [dVen5ti:l] adj.有教养的；文雅的
free from vulgarity or
rudeness:POLITE
genteel:vulgarity=intrepid:fear
有教养的:粗俗=勇敢的:害怕（反面特征）
truculent:gentleness=unregenerate:remorse
残暴的:温柔的=邪恶的:同情（反面特征）
hospitable:misanthrope=genteel:churl
思想开放的:厌世者=优雅的:粗俗的人（人物及反面特征）
genteel<>loutish
有教养的<>无礼的
genteel<>churlish
有教养的<>粗野的
Synonyms: cultivated, cultured,
polished, refined, urbane, well-bred
Sample:We are looking for a man with a
genteel apperance who can inspire confidence by his cultivated manner.
genuine [5dVenju:In] adj. 真正的,真实的,诚恳的
ACTUAL, TRUE
genuine:authenticity=entire:integrity
{ honest:trust }
真实的:真实性=完整:完整 （同义关系）
spurious<>genuine
假的<>真实的
sham<>genuine
虚假的<>真正的
Synonyms: AUTHENTIC, bona fide, indubitable, real, sure-enough,
true, undoubted, unquestionable, veritable, very
Sample:If you want to buy antiques, look
for a reputable dealer; far too many dealers today pass off fakes as genuine
antiques.