list 1 abacus --- aloof

list 1 abacus --- aloof

abacus [5AbEkEs] n.算盘

an instrument for performing calculations by sliding counters along rods or in grooves

abacus:calculate=balance:weight

算盘:计算=天平:称量（工具及其作用）

abandon [E5bAndEn] vt. 放任，放纵，放弃

to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly

abandon:inhibition=despair:hope=tranquility:agitation

放任:禁制=绝望:希望=冷静:激动（反义关系）

calmness:frenzy=abandon:inhibition

平静:狂暴=放纵:压抑（反义关系）

frenzy:calm=abandon:prohibit

狂暴:使平静=放任:禁止（行为及其消除对像）

abandon:inhibition=conscious:numbness

放任:禁制=有意识的:麻木 (反义关系)

abandon:inhibition=voluble:terse

放纵:抑制＝多话:简洁（反义关系）

salvage<>abandon

救助<>放弃

Synonyms: unconstraint, unrestraint, desert, forsake

Sample:Einstein invented antigravity in desperation and abandoned it first chance he got--but it may be the most powerful force in the universe.

abase [E5beIs] v. 使谦卑，贬低降低地位、威望或尊严

To lower in rank, prestige, or esteem

abase:prestige=damp:ardor

降低地位: 声望=抑制:热情 (动宾关系)

abase:status=shorten:length

降低地位:地位=缩短:长度（动宾关系）

curtail:duration=abase:strength

缩减:持续时间=降低:力量（动宾关系）

abase:length=alleviate:power

降低:长度=减少:力量（动宾关系）

Synonyms: HUMBLE, bemean, cast down, debase, degrade, demean, humiliate, lower, sink

Sample:The president is not willing to abase himself before the nation, and admit that he made a mistake.

abash [E5bAF] vt. 使害羞，使局促不安, 使困窘

to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of:disconcert

unabashed:embarrassment=unheralded:announcement

不脸红的:尴尬的=未事先预告的:公告(反义关系)

embolden<>abash/faze

使大胆<>使羞愧/使狼狈

Synonyms: EMBARRASS , confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, rattle

Sample:He was not at all abashed by her open admiration.

abate [E5beIt] v. 减轻，减低

to reduce in degree or intensity:MODERATE:to reduce in value or amount

abate:tax=alleviate:distress

降低:税=减轻:压力 (动宾关系)

abate:force=fade:loudness

减轻:力量=减弱:声音（动宾关系）

abate:degree=discount:price

减轻:程度=减价:价格 (动宾关系)

abate:force=attenuate:thickness

减轻:力量=使...薄:厚度 (动宾关系)

abate:intensity=fade:loudness

减轻:强度=减弱:声音 (动宾关系)

alleviate:intensity=abate:tax

减轻:强度=降低:税（动宾关系）

abate:intensity=taper:width

减轻:强度=逐渐变细:宽（动宾关系）

thin:density/intensity=abate:length

使变薄:强度=减少:长度 (动宾关系)【注:对应不工整】

abate:force=shrink:size

减轻:力量=(使)皱缩:尺寸(动宾关系)

abridge:length=abate:prestige

缩短:长度=减少:威望（动宾关系）

abate<>intensify/promote

降低<>加强/提升

abate<>augment

减弱<>增加，扩大

abate<>increase in intensity

减弱<> 剧烈增长

Synonyms: ANNIHILATE , abolish, eradicate, exterminate, extirpate

Sample:Although their initial anger had abated somewhat, they continued to berate the careless worker who had broken the machine.

abbreviate [E5bri:vIeIt] v.缩写, 缩短, 简化, 简写成, 缩写为

to make briefer; especially :to reduce to a shorter form intended to stand for the whole

abbreviation:sentence=abridgment:essay

缩短:句子=删节:文章 (动宾关系)

abbreviation:sentence=synopsis:narrative

缩短:句子=大纲:叙述（动宾关系）

abridge:word=abbreviate:letter

删减:词语=简化:文字 (动宾关系)

abbreviate<>extend

缩写<>扩增

protract<>abbreviate

延长<>缩短

Synonyms: SHORTEN, abridge, curtail, cut, cut back, retrench, slash

Sample:Because we were running out of time, the lecturer had to abbreviate her speech.

abdicate [5AbdIkeIt] v. 让位，辞职，放弃，

to relinquish (as sovereign power) formally

recant:belief=abdicate:throne

改变放弃信仰:信仰=让位:王位(动宾关系)

abdicate<>constitute

剥夺<>任命

abdicate<>assume

放弃<>接受

abdicate<>usurp

让位，辞职<>篡位

Synonyms: DISCARD, RELINQUISH ，shed,slough, renounce, resign;

Sample:The king abdicated his throne and left the country.

aberrant [A5berEnt] adj. 脱离常规的，异常的，越轨的

deviating from the usual or natural type:ATYPICAL

aberrant:standard=digressive:topic

异常的:标准=离题的:主题（事物特征及其对象）

aberrant<>normal

脱离常轨<>正常

Synonyms: ABNORMAL , anomalous, atypical, deviant, unrepresentative, untypical

Sample:The fact that he is late for our meeting is an aberration; he's normally on time.

abet [E5bet] v. 教唆，协助（犯罪）

to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose

abet:assistance=counsel:guidance

协助:帮助=顾问:指导 (种属关系)

abet:encouragement=elucidate:clarity

协助:鼓励=阐明:清晰（行为及其结果）

stymie<>abet

阻碍<>鼓励

frustrate<>abet

阻挠<>唆使

abet<>thwart/impede

教唆<>阻止

forestall<>abet

阻止(先下手)<>唆使，怂勇

abet<>obstruct

教唆<>阻止

Synonyms: INCITE, foment, instigate, provoke,stir (up)

Sample:She was unwilling to abet him in the swindle he had planned.

abeyance [E5beIEns] n. 终止，搁置

temporary inactivity:SUSPENSION

abeyance<>continuance

中止<>继续

Synonyms: abeyancy,doldrums, dormancy, interruption, latency, quiescence, suspension

Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians inSample:Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so decimated Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in abeyance in the Western Hemisphere.

abhor [Eb5hC:(r)] vt.憎恶, 痛恨

to regard with extreme repugnance

abhorrence:dislike=adoration:fondness

厌恶:不喜欢=崇拜:爱 (行为及其所表达的含义)

abhor<>greatly admire

憎恨，厌恶<>非常仰慕

Synonyms: HATE, abominate, detest, execrate, loathe, DESPISE, contemn, disdain,

Sample:She abhors bad table manners.

abiding [E5baIdIN] adj. 永久的，持久的，不变的

to remain stable or fixed in a state

ephemeral:abide=intransigent:yield

短暂的:坚持=不妥协的:屈服（行为及其反面特征）

miscreant<>law-abiding individual

有罪的人<>遵守法纪的人

abiding<>evanescent

持久的<>易消散的

abiding<>ephemeral

持久的<>短暂的

Synonyms: CONTINUE, carry through, endure, last, perdure, persist

Sample:I have an abiding desire to become a teacher.

abject [5AbdVekt] adj. 极可怜的，卑鄙的

cast down in spirit

abject<>exultant

可怜的<>得意洋洋的

abject<>spirited/exciting

可怜的<>生气勃勃地/令人兴奋的

Synonyms: DOWNTRODDEN, underfoot

Sample:On the streets of New York the homeless live in abject poverty, huddling in doorways to find shelter from the wind.

abjure [Ab5dVJE(r)] v. 发誓放弃, 避免, 公开放弃

to renounce upon oath

abjure:reject=? ?

发誓放弃:拒绝=??

abjure<>espouse

誓绝<>支持

abjure<>embrace

放弃<>支持

Synonyms: forswear, palinode, recall, recant, retract

Sample:He abjured his allegiance to the king.

abnegate [5AbnI^eIt] v. 使无效，放弃

SURRENDER, RELINQUISH

abnegate<>reaffirm

弃绝，否认<>重新肯定

Sample:Though Rudolph and Duchess Flavia loved one another, their love was doomed, for she had to wed the king; their act of abnegation was necessary to preserve the kingdom.

abolish [E5bCliF] vt.废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等)

to end the observance or effect of : ANNUL

abolish<>establish

废除<>建立

Synonyms: ANNIHILATE, abate, blot out, eradicate, exterminate, extinguish, extirpate, root out, uproot, wipe (out)

Sample: His program was reactionary since it sought to abolish many of the social reforms instituted by the previous administration.

abolitionism [9AbEJ`lIFEnIzEm] n. 废除主义,废奴主义

principles or measures fostering abolition especially of slavery

anarchist:government=abolitionist:slavery

无政府主义者:政府=废奴主义者:奴隶(特征人物及其反对对象)

abolitionist<>persisted in slavery

废奴主义者<>坚持奴隶制的

Sample:The abolitionists advocated freedom for the slaves.

aboveboard adj. 光明正大的

be in a straightforward manner

surreptitious<>barefaced/aboveboard

暗中的<>公然的

chicanery<>aboveboard action

欺诈行为<>光明正大的行为

Synonyms: STRAIGHTFORWARD , forthright, plain dealing, straight

Sample:He is an honest businessperson; he is aboveboard with everyone.

abrasion [E5breiVEn] n. 表面磨损，因摩擦而损伤

a wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction

lubricate:abrasion=seal:leakage

加润滑油:磨损=密封:渗漏 (减轻或消除关系)

abraded:friction=desiccated:dehydration

摩擦的:摩擦力=干燥的:脱水 (因果或目的以及产生或导致关系)

scuff:abrasion=heat:vaporization

使磨损:磨损=加热:汽化 (行为及其结果关系)

abraded:friction=vaporized:heat

磨损:摩擦=蒸发:加热（作用及其结果）

abrade<>augment

磨损<>增加

Sample:She was treated for contusions and abrasions.

abridge [E5brIdV] v. 删减，缩短

to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense:CONDENSE

abbreviation:sentence=abridgment:essay

缩写:句子=删节:文章 (动宾关系)

abridge:length=attenuate:thickness

缩短:长度=使…变薄:厚度 (动宾关系)

abridge:word=abbreviate:letter

缩写:词语=简化:文字 (动宾关系)

abridge:length=abate:prestige

缩短:长度=减少:威望（动宾关系）

amplify<>abridge

扩大<>节略，缩短

abridge<>extend in length

缩短<>伸长

protract<>abridge

延长<>删减

condensed<>unabridged

浓缩的<>未删减的

Synonyms: SHORTEN, abbreviate, curtail, cut, cut back, retrench, slash

Sample:Reader's Digest abridges long books so that people can read them quickly.

abrogate [5AbrEJ^eIt] v. 废除(法令等); 取消

to abolish by authoritative action:ANNUL

abrogate<>embrace/institute/uphold

取消<>乐于接受/创立/赞成

Synonyms: ABOLISH, abate, annihilate, annul, invalidate, negate, nullify, quash, undo, vitiate

Sample:He intended to abrogate the decree issued by his predecessor.

abscond [Ab5skRnd] v. 潜逃, 避债

to depart secretly and hide oneself

abscond:leave=steal:take

潜逃:离开=偷:取，拿(非法与正常)

abscond:depart=pilfer/sneak:take=secrete:store=lurk:wait

潜逃:离开=偷拿:拿=偷偷藏起来:藏=偷偷等:等 (非法与正常)

Synonyms: ESCAPE , break, bunk, decamp, flee, fly, scape

Sample:The teller absconded with the bonds and was not found.

absolve [Eb5zRlv] v. 赦免，宣布免除

to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt

exculpatory:absolve=motivational:stir

辩解的:宣布免罪=激发性的:煽动(因果关系)

hortative:encourage=exculpatory:absolve

劝告的:鼓励=辩明无罪的:宣布免除（行为及其特征）

absolve<>inculpate

使无罪<>使负罪

absolve<>indict

赦免<>起诉

Synonyms: EXCULPATE, acquit, exonerate, vindicate

Sample: Though he refused any responsibility for the failure of the negotiations, Stevenson had no right to absolve himself:it was his acrimony that had caused the debacle.

abstain [Eb5stein] v. 主动戒绝，自我抑制，禁绝, 放弃

to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice

mandatory:comply=forbidden:abstain

命令的:服从=禁止的:抑止(主动与被动关系)

Synonyms: constrain, curb, hold back, refrain, REFRAIN , withhold

Sample:Two senators abstained on the vote on the new law to raise taxes.

abstemious [Ab5sti:mIEs] adj. 有节制的，饮食有度的，节俭的

marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol

reticent:talk=abstemious:gorge

缄默:谈论=节制:贪婪 (行为及其反面特征)

abstemious:indulge=austere:decorate

节制的:纵容=简朴的:装饰 (行为及其反面特征)

abstemious<>indulgence

节制的<>纵容【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: abstentious, abstinent, continent, self-restraining, sober, temperate

abstinent adj. 饮食有度的,有节制的,禁欲的

voluntary forbearance especially from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods:ABSTENTION

Synonyms: ABSTEMIOUS, abstentious, continent, self-restraining, sober, temperate

Sample:The Catholic Church demands abstinence of its priests.

abstract [5AbstrAkt] vt.摘要, 提炼, 抽象化 adj. 抽象的

having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial representation or narrative content

abstract<>elaborate

简洁的<>复杂的

abstraction<>attention

心不在焉<>注意

Synonyms: hypothetical, ideal, theoretical, NEUTRAL, detached

Sample:To him, hunger was an abstract concept; he had never missed a meal.

abstruse [Eb5stru:s] adj.奥妙的, 深奥的

difficult to comprehend:RECONDITE

abstruse:comprehension=indiscernible:vision

深奥的:理解=看不见的:景象（事物及其反面特征）

abstruse<>accessible/patent

深奥的<>可了解的/明显的

abstruse<>explicit

深奥的<>清晰的

Synonyms: RECONDITE, acroamatic, deep, esoteric, heavy, hermetic, occult, orphic, profound, secret

Sample:That writer's ideas are abstruse.

abuse [E5bju:s] v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂

to attack in words:REVILE

declamation:grandiloquence=diatribe:abuse

高声说话:夸张=抨击:辱骂 (同义关系)

polemic:disputatious=invective:abusive

好争论的:争辩的=恶言辱骂的:辱骂的(同义关系)

diatribe:abuse=burlesque:mockery

毁谤的话:毁谤=滑稽戏:嘲笑(同义关系)

Synonyms: maltreat, mistreat, misuse, misapply, mishandle, misimprove ,DECRY,depreciate, derogate

Sample:The poet W. H. Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost necessarily irresponsible, that the possession of great gifts engenders the propensity to abuse them.

abysmal [E5bIzm(E)l] adj. 深不可测的, 无底的

immeasurably low or wretched

stygian:dark=abysmal:low

阴暗的:黑=极深的:低的（程度类比）

Synonyms: BOTTOMLESS, fathomless, plumbless, plummetless, soundless, unfathomable

Sample:His arrogance is exceeded only by his abysmal ignorance.

accede [Ak5si:d] v. 同意, 加入

to express approval or give consent:give in to a request or demand

accede<>demur

同意<>反对

Synonyms: ASSENT, acquiesce, agree, consent, subscribe, yes

Sample:Human nature and long distances have made exceeding the speed limit a cherished tradition in the state, so the legislators surprised no one when, acceding to public practice, they rejected increased penalties for speeding.

accelerate [Ek5selEreIt] v. 加速，促进

to move faster:gain speed

accelerate:speed=prolong:duration

加速:速度=延长:持续时间 (行为及其正面特征)

expedite:process=accelerate:pace

促进:过程=加速:步调 (行为及其正面特征)

accelerate<>retard

促进(加速)<>阻碍

Synonyms: SPEED , hasten, hurry, quicken, shake up, step up, swiften

Sample:In our science class, we learn how falling bodies accelerate.

accessible [Ek5sesIb(E)l] adj. 易接近的，可进入的，易受影响的，可理解的

capable of being understood or appreciated

cache:hidden=summit:inaccessible

隐藏处:隐藏的=顶点:难达到的 (事物及其正面特征)

abstruse<>accessible/patent

深奥的<>可了解的/明显的

Synonyms: OPEN, open-door, public, unrestricted, employable, operative, practicable, usable

Sample:We asked our guide whether the ruins were accessible on foot.

accessory [Ek5sesErI] adj.附属的, 补充的, 同谋的, 副的

present in a minor amount and not essential as a constituent

accessory<>of primarily importance

附属的<>主要的

Synonyms: AUXILIARY, adjuvant, ancillary, appurtenant, collateral, contributory, subservient, subsidiary

Sample:She bought an attractive handbag as an accessory for her dress.

accidental [AksI5dent(E)l] adj. 意外的,偶然的, 非主要的, 附属的

occurring unexpectedly or by chance

inventiveness:accidental=effect:casual

创意:意外的=有效:偶然的（事物及其反面特征）

safeguard:accident=hedge:loss

保镖:事故=篱笆:丢失（降低减弱关系）

intentional:accidental=arrogant:humble

故意的:意外的=傲慢的:谦逊的（反义关系）

Synonyms: contingent, fluky, fortuitous, incidental, odd

Sample:Actual events in the history of life on Earth are accidental in that any outcome embodies just one possibility among millions; yet each outcome can be rationally interpreted.

acclimate [E`klaImIt] vt. 使适应新气候或新环境

to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation

acclimate<>make unfamiliar with

使适应<>使不熟悉

Synonyms: HARDEN , acclimatize, climatize, season, toughen

Sample:One of the difficulties of our present air age is the need of travellers to acclimate themselves to their new and often strange environments.

accolade [5AkEleId] n. 推崇备至，赞扬

an expression of praise

accolade<>cutting remark

称赞<>苛评

accolade<>speak ill/derogate

称赞<>挑毛病/减损

accolade<>disapprobation

赞赏<>不赞成

accolade<>criticism

极力赞扬<>批评，评论

accolade<>excoriate

极力赞扬<>严厉的责难

accolade<>reprobate/ reproof

极力赞扬<>斥责/谴责

accolade<>denigration

极力赞扬<>毁誉

accolade<>swearword

极力赞扬<>咒骂

accolade<>denunciation

赞扬<>谴责

accolade<>castigation

称赞<>斥责

Synonyms: HONOR , award, badge, bays, decoration, distinction, kudos, laurels

Sample:In Hollywood, an "Oscar" is the highest accolade.

accommodate [E5kRmEdeIt] v. 提供食宿给, 使适应, 调节, 和解

to provide with something desired, needed, or suited (as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings)

obliterate:remove=accommodate:supply

删除:除去=提供食宿:供给（种属关系）

Synonyms: ADAPT, adjust, conform，convenience, favor，HARBOR , bestow, domicile, entertain, lodge

Sample:Every new theory not only must accommodate the valid predictions of the old theory, but must also explain why those predictions succeeded within the range of that old theory.

accomplice [E5kQmplIs] n.同谋者, 帮凶

one associated with another especially in wrongdoing

Synonyms: CONFEDERATE, abettor, accessory, coconspirator, conspirator

Sample:The police caught the thief and his accomplice, who was driving the car.

accost [E`kCst] vt. 向人搭话，勾引

to approach and speak to often in a challenging or aggressive way

accost:approach=importune:request { glorify:praise / bequest:give }

搭讪:接近=强求:寻求 { 使荣耀：表扬 / 遗赠：给予 } （程度类比）

Synonyms: ADDRESS , call (to), greet, hail, salute

Sample:When the two young men accosted me, I was frightened because I thought they were going to attack me.

accrete [A`kri:t] v. 共生，附着，增加

ACCUMULATE

accrete:growth=erode:destruction

增长:长=腐蚀:破坏（动作及其结果关系）

accrete:grow::inch:advance

增长:生长=慢慢前进:前进 (种属关系)

Synonyms: cohere, cling ,adhere

accumulate [E5kju:mjJleIt] vi. 积聚 ,堆积

to gather or pile up especially little by little:AMASS

dissipate<>accumulate

散失<>积累

Synonyms: amass, cumulate, garner, hive, lay up, roll up, stockpile, store (up), uplay

Sample:As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others, they must depend on allies.

accuse [E5kju:z] v. 责备，控告，谴责

to charge with a fault or offense:BLAME

Synonyms: arraign, charge, criminate, impeach, incriminate, inculpate, indict, tax

Sample:The old man could not have been accused of stinting his affection; his conduct toward the child betrayed his adoration of her.

acerbity [E5s\:bItI] n.涩, 酸, 刻薄

Sourness of taste, character, or tone.

acerbity<>saccharin

酸<>糖精

Synonyms: ACRIMONY, asperity, mordancy

Sample:The labor union and the company's management, despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly swift, albeit still tentative, agreement on next year's contract.

achromatic [AkrEJ5mAtIk] adj.消色差的, 非彩色的, 无色的

designating color perceived to have zero saturation and therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black

achromatic:hue=extraneous:essence

无色的:色调=无关的:本质（形容词与名词的反义关系）

achromatic:hue=transitory:permanence

无色的:色调=短暂的:永久（形容词与名词的反义关系）

acme n．顶点，极点

the highest point or stage

acme:surpass=impossible:execute

顶点:超越=不可能的:实现（事物特征及其反面被动特征）【注:词性不符】

acme:mountain=crest:wave

山顶:山=浪尖:海浪（事物及其顶点）

Synonyms: APEX , apogee, capstone, climax, culmination, meridian, peak, pinnacle, summit, zenith

Sample:Welles's success in Citizen Kane marked the acme of his career as an actor; never again did he achieve such popular acclaim.

acquiesce [AkwI5es] v. 勉强同意,默许

to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively

intransigent:acquiesce=deferential:offend

不妥协的:默许=恭敬的:冒犯（形容词和名词的反义关系）

acquiesce:yield={capitulate:categorical}

默许:同意={有条件投降:无条件的}

acquiesce<>resist

默许<>抵制，抵抗

acquiesce<>defy

顺从<>抗拒

balky<>acquiesce

倔强的<>默认的

Synonyms: ASSENT, accede, agree, consent, subscribe, yes

Sample:Far from being unctuous, Pat was always loath to appear acquiescent.

acquisition [AkwI5zIF(E)n] n. 获得,添加物品

the act of acquiring

divestiture<>acquisition

剥夺<>获得

Synonyms: ACQUIREMENT, accomplishment, achievement, attainment, finish

Sample:In contrast to the incuriosity with which the acquisition of language by young children was once regarded, the process by which such learning occurs has now become the object of scrutiny .

acquit [E5kwIt] vt.宣告无罪, 脱卸义务和责任, 还清(债务)

to discharge completely

Synonyms: EXCULPATE, absolve, clear, disculpate, exonerate, vindicate

Sample:The widespread public shock at the news of the guilty verdict was caused partly by biased news stories that had predicted acquittal.

acre [5eikE] n.英亩, 地产, 大片田地

a unit of area in the U.S. Customary System, used in land and sea floor measurement and equal to 160 square rods, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet

ream:paper=acre:land

纸的单位:纸 =亩:土地 (事物及其计量单位)

acrid [5AkrId] adj. 辛辣的,尖刻的

sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or odor:IRRITATING

grating:sound=acrid:odor

刺耳的:声音=刺激之味:味道（形容词和其修饰的名词关系）

acrid:gentleness=forthright:guile

辛辣的:温和的=直接的:狡猾的（形容词的反义关系）

stridency:sound=acridity:odor

刺耳:声音=辛辣:味道（事物的特殊和一般关系）

acrid:odor=piercing:sound

刺激之味:味道=刺耳的:声音（形容词和其修饰的名词关系）

acrid<>gentle

辣的, 刻薄的<>温和的

acrid<>savory

辣的<>可口的

Synonyms: astringent, austere, bitter, harsh, sharp

Sample:The acrid odor of burnt gunpowder filled the room after the pistol had been fired.

acrimonious [AkrI5mEJnIEs] adj. 尖刻的 ,辛辣的

caustic , biting , or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manner

uninformative:knowledge=acrimonious:goodwill

不增进知识的:知识=严厉的:亲切（形容词和名词的反义关系）

acrimonious<>harmonious

不和谐的<>和谐的

Synonyms: ANGRY, indignant, irate, ireful, mad, wrathful, wrathy, wroth, wrothful, wrothy

Sample:His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his audience.

acumen [E5kju:mEn] n.敏锐, 聪明

keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination especially in practical matters

alacrity:prompt=acumen:shrewd

敏捷:快速=敏锐:干练 (同义关系)

acumen<>unable to discerning

敏锐的<>不能辨别的

acumen<>obtuse

敏锐的<>愚笨的

Synonyms： WIT, astucity, astuteness, discernment, discrimination, keenness, penetration, percipience, perspicacity, shrewdness

Sample: His business acumen helped him to succeed where others had failed.

adamant [5AdEmEnt] adj. 固执的，不动摇的，坚硬的

unshakable or immovable especially in opposition:UNYIELDING

adamant:flexibility=refractory:control

坚固:柔软=难以操作的:可控制（名词与形容词的反义关系）

impossible:execute=adamant:moved

不可能的:可操作的=顽固的:动容的（反义关系）

adamant:yield=cautious:gamble

固执的:屈服=谨慎的:孤注一掷（人物个性及其反面行为）

adamant<>vacillatory

坚定<>动摇

adamant<>incline to yield

坚强的 <> 容易妥协的

adamant<>irresolute

固执的◇犹豫不决的

Synonyms: INFLEXIBLE,inexorable,obdurate,relentless,rigid, uncompromising, unswayable, unyielding

Sample:Although he attempted repeatedly to disabuse her of her conviction of his insincerity, he was not successful; she remained adamant in her judgment.

adapt [E5dApt] vt. 使适应,改编

to make fit (as for a specific or new use or situation) often by modification

adapt<>remain unchanged

适应<>保持不变

adapt<>unchangeable

适应<>无法改变【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: accommodate, adjust, conform, fit, quadrate, reconcile, square

Sample:The form and physiology of leaves vary according tothe environment in which they develop:for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture. (9504)

addict [E5dIkt] vt.使沉溺, 使上瘾 n.入迷的人, 有瘾的人

to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively

disabuse:error=rehabilitate:addiction

打消错误念头:错误=使复原:上瘾，沉溺 (动宾关系)

inured:tolerance=addicted:dependency

过分习惯:忍受=上瘾的:依赖（程度类比）

Sample:In his stupor, the addict was unaware of the events taking place around him.

addendum [ E5dendEm ] n.附录, 补遗

something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book

addendum:document=postscript:letter

附录:文件=附言:信件（事物及其附件）

Synonyms: APPENDIX , codicil, rider, supplement

Sample: Jane's editor approved her new comparative literature text but thought it would be even better with an addendum on recent developments in literary criticism.

adherent [Ed5hIErEnt] n.信徒, 追随者, 拥护者

one that adheres:as a follower of a leader, party, or profession

adherent<>forerunner

追随者<>先行者

Synonyms: FOLLOWER, cohort, disciple, henchman, partisan, , sectary, sectator, supporter

Sample:In the wake of the scandal, the senator's one-time adherent quietly deserted him.

adhesive [Ed5hi:siv] adj.带粘性的, 胶粘 n.粘合剂

a substance, such as paste or cement, that provides or promotes adhesion

adhesive:bind=compass:orient

粘合剂:连接=指南针:指向（事物极其作用）

etch:corrosive=glue:adhesive

蚀刻:腐蚀的=胶合:有黏性的 (行为及其正面特征)

Synonyms STICKY, cloggy, gluey, gooey, gummy, stodgy

adjacent [E5dVeIsEnt] adj. 毗连的，接近的

having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or following

Synonyms: NEIGHBORING, contiguous, abutting, adjoining, approximal, bordering, conterminous

Sample:Though their apartment lacked a full-scale dining room, an alcove adjacent to the living room made an adequate breakfast nook for the young couple.

adjourn [E5dV\:n] vi. 延期,休会,换地方

to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place

convoke<>adjourn

召集，召开会议<>休会，中止

Synonyms: DEFER, delay, postpone, shelve, prorogate, prorogue, recess

Sample:The judge adjourned the trial so people could go to lunch.

adjunct [5AdVQNkt] n. 附属物，附件, 助手

something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it

adjunct<>essential element

附属部分<>基本部分

Synonyms: APPENDAGE, accessory, appendix, appurtenance

Sample:I will entertain this concept as an adjunct to the main proposal.

ad lib [Ad 5lIb] adv.没有限制地，即兴地

without restraint or limit ， to speak, sing, or act without a script, saying whatever words come into one's mind

ad lib:impromptu=aside:divergent

即兴地:即兴的=在旁边:分歧的(副词与形容词的同义关系)

Synonyms: IMPROVISE, extemporize, improvisate

Sample:When the actor forgot her lines, she <v.> ad libbed her part.

admission [Ed5mIF(E)n] n. 许可,入会费,承认

the act or process of admitting

lottery:raffle=ticket:admission

彩票:抽彩售货=票:许可（行为动作及其凭证）

Synonyms: access, adit, admittance, entrance, entry, ingress, way

Sample:Many colleges state that a student must offer three years of a language as a requisite for admission.

admonish [Ed5mRnIF] v. 训诫，警告

to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner

peccadillo:sin=admonishment:castigation

小罪:罪=警告:惩罚（程度类比一般:强烈）

admonish:denounce=punish:pillory

警告:公开指责=惩罚:公开嘲弄（种属关系/一般:公开）

apprise:information=admonish:warning

通知:信息=警告:警告（动词与名词的同义关系）

pretense:deceive=admonition:reprove

伪装:欺骗=警告:责骂（行为及其目的）

alibi:exculpatory=warning:admonishery

托词:辩解 =警告:训诫（行为及其目的）

ameliorate:improve=admonish:caution

改善:提高=劝诫:警告（同义关系）

Synonyms: REPROVE, call down, chide, lesson, monish, rebuke, reprimand, reproach

Sample:He admonished his listeners to change their wicked ways.

adore [E5dC:(r)] vt. 崇拜,热爱

to regard with loving admiration and devotion

terror:apprehension=adoration:affection

恐怖:疑惧=爱慕:友爱(程度类比)

fascination:interest=adoration:fondness=abhorrence:dislike

强烈爱好:爱好=崇拜:爱好=痛恨:讨厌(程度类比)

adulate:fawn=woo (love):adore

阿谀:奉承=爱:崇拜（同义关系）

Synonyms: REVERE, reverence, venerate, worship, affection, idolize

Sample:Since 1813 reaction to Jane Austen's novels has oscillated between adoration and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary admirers.

adroit [E5drCIt] adj. 熟练的，机捷的

having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations

loquacious:succinct=adroit:ungainly

多话的:简洁的=灵活的:笨拙的(反义关系)

adroit<>ungainly

灵活的:笨拙的

ham-handed<>deft/adroit

笨手笨脚的<>敏捷熟练的/灵巧的

Synonyms: DEXTEROUS, clever, deft, handy, SKILLFUL

Sample:The finesse and adroitness of the surgeon impressed the observers in the operating room.

adulate [5AdjJleIt] v. 谄媚，奉承

to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly

fulminate:criticize=adulate:flatter=scorn:reject

猛烈抨击:批评=谄媚:奉承=轻蔑嘲笑:漫待拒绝(程度类比)

adulate:fawn=woo (love):adore

阿谀:奉承=爱:崇拜（同义关系）

aversion:disinclination=adulation:admiration

讨厌的人/事:没兴致=谄媚，奉承:赞赏（褒贬程度类比）

adulate<>scorn

赞美<>咒骂

adulation<>disdain

阿谀奉承<>轻蔑蔑视

adulation<>somber affection

热烈的赞扬<>低沉的感情

vituperate<>adulatory

辱骂<>奉承【词性不符】

adulation<>obloquy

奉承<>漫骂

adulate<>disparage

奉承<>贬损

adulate<>vilify

谄媚<>诽谤

Sample: No one is neutral about Stephens; he inspires either uncritical adulation or profound antipathy in those who work for him.

adulterate [E5dQltEreIt] vt. 掺假

to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element stickler

stickler:approximation=purist:adulteration

坚持己见的人:近似=纯粹主义者:掺杂(人或事物及其反面特征)

embellish:austere=adulterate:pure

装饰:朴素=掺假:纯净 (减轻或消除关系)

adulterate:purity=enervate:vigor

掺假:纯度=衰弱:活力（消除减弱关系）

adulterate:pure=bolster/brace:weak

掺假:纯净=振作精神:虚弱（减轻或消除关系）

demanding:satisfactory=adulterate:pristine {closed-mind:sway}

苛求的:满意=掺假的:纯净 (反面特征) 【注:可能对应:demanding:satisfy=closed-mind:sway 尚未确证】

dismantle:unity=adulterate:pristine

拆除:整体=掺假:纯净 (行为及其消除对象)

unalloyed<>adulterated

未掺杂的，纯粹的<>掺假的

tainted<>unadulterated

弄脏的<>无法搀杂的

Synonyms: debase, doctor, dope (up), load, sophisticate

Sample:It is a crime to adulterate foods without informing the buyer.

adumbrate [5AdQmbreIt] vt.画轮廓, 预示, 隐约预示

to suggest or disclose partially

revelation<>adumbration

显示，揭露<>有保留的揭示

Synonyms: SKETCH, block (out), chalk (out), characterize, draft, outline, rough (out), skeleton, skeletonize

adversary [5AdvEsErI] n. 敌手,对手

one that contends with, opposes, or resists:ENEMY

supplicant:humility=adversary:resistance

恳求者:谦卑=对手:反抗(人物及其正面特征)

ally<>adversary

联盟<>敌手，对手

Synonyms: OPPONENT, antagonist, anti, con, match, opposer, oppugnant

Sample:Batman struggled to save Gotham City from the machinations of his wicked adversary, the Joker.

advert [5Adv\:t] vi.注意, 留意 n.广告

to turn the mind or attention

advertent<>inattentive

留意<>不注意的【注:词性不符】

Sample:Since you advert to this matter so frequently, you must regard it as

important.

advertise [5AdvEtaIz] vt. 做广告,通知

to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcast

advertising:commercial=publishing:journal

广告:电视或广播广告=出版:期刊（种属关系）

Synonyms: DECLARE, announce, annunciate, blazon, broadcast, bruit (about), proclaim, promulgate

Sample:When we advertised the position, we received a deluge of applications.

advocate [5AdvEkEt] vt. 主张,提倡

to plead in favor of

exponent:advocate=pollster:canvass

　　　　　　　　拥护者:拥护=民意调查家:调查（人或事物及其正面特征）

pedant:instruct=exponent:advocate

学究式人物:教导=代表:提倡（人物及其特征行为）

Synonyms: EXPONENT, champion, expounder, proponent, supporter

Sample:And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality "the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere"

aerate [5eEreIt] v. 充气，让空气进入

to supply (the blood) with oxygen by respiration

aerate:oxygen=hydrate:water

使通气:氧气=使成水化合物:水（行为及其对象）

aerate<>remove air from

空气<>放出空气

aerial [5ZEriEl] adj. 航空的, 生活在空气中的, 空气的, 高耸的

of, relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere

aerial:air=aquatic:water

空气中的:空气=水中的:水 (形容词及其名词)

Synonyms: AIRY, atmospheric, pneumatic, skyscraping, soaring, ethereal, vaporous, vapory

Sample:The airplane did aerial tricks such as flying upside-down.

aesthetic [i:s5WetIk] n. 美学 adj.美学的, 审美的, 有审美感的

a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty

aesthetics:beauty=epistemology:knowledge

美学:美=知识起源学:知识（学科及其研究对象）

gourmet:food=aesthetic:art

美食家:食物=美学:艺术（研究对象）【注：对比不工整】

Sample:The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of aesthetics, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.

affable [5AfEb(E)l] adj．易于交谈的，和蔼的

characterized by ease and friendliness

affable<>irascible

和蔼的<>易怒的

testy<>affable

暴躁的<>和蔼可亲的

Synonyms: GRACIOUS, congenial, cordial, genial, sociable,sonsy, amiable, genial

Sample:Although he held a position of responsibility, he was an affable individual and could be reached by anyone with a complaint.

affected [E5fektId] adj.受到影响的, 受(疾病)侵袭的, 假装的, 做作的

assumed artificially or falsely:PRETENDED

disaffected:contentment=dubious:commitment/conviction

不满足的:满意=怀疑的:承诺/信念（反义关系）

officious:meddle=disaffected:rebel

爱管闲事的:干涉=不满的，不忠的:反叛（正面特征）

posturer:unaffected=bigot:tolerant

装腔作势的人:不矫揉造作的=顽固不化的人:宽容的（人物及其反面特征）

disaffected<>content/contented

不满的<>满意的

affected<>natural

做作的<>自然的

artless<>affected{eccentric ,diligent}

朴实的<>做作的

affectation<>artlessness

做作<>质朴

affected<>ingenue

做作的<>天真无邪的

pretentious<>unaffected

作做的<>自然的

Sample:His affected mannerisms irritated may of us who had known him before his promotion.

affection [E`fekFEn] n. 爱,情感,影响,病

tender attachment:FONDNESS

terror:apprehension=adoration:affection

恐怖:疑惧=爱慕:友爱(程度类比强烈:一般)

embrace:affection=frown:displeasure=shrug:indifference

拥抱:友爱=皱眉:不高兴=耸肩:冷漠(行为及其表达的感情)

scowl:displeasure=kiss:affection

皱眉:不愉快=吻:爱情(行为及其表达的感情)

swagger:bravado=caress:affection

大摇大摆:虚张声势=爱抚:爱情(行为及其表达的感情)

mercurial:mood=fickle:affection

善变的:情绪=易变的:感情(形容词与其修饰的名词)

obeisant:esteem=embrace:affection

鞠躬:尊敬=拥抱:爱（行为及其表达的含义）

antipathy<>affection

厌恶<>喜欢

adulation<>somber affection

热烈的赞扬<>低沉的感情

Synonyms: INTERESTED, concerned, implicated, involvedassumed, feigned, conscious

Sample:The old man could not have been accused of stinting his affection; his conduct toward the child betrayed his adoration of her.

affidavit [AfI5deIvIt] n. 宣誓书

a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorized magistrateor officer

affidavit:statement=wedding:ceremony

宣誓:陈述=结婚:仪式

Sample:The court refused to accept his statement unless he presented it in the form of an affidavit.

affiliate [ E5filieit ] v.(使...)加入, 接受为会员

to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch

affiliation<>dissociation

结盟<>分开

aligned<>not affiliated

排一线的<>不相连的

Sample:His affiliation with the political party was of short duration for he soon disagreed with his colleagues.

affinity [E5fInItI] n.密切关系, 吸引力, 姻亲关系, 亲合力

likeness based on relationship or causal connection

affinity<>aversion

亲密关系<>厌恶

repugnance<>affinity

令人厌恶<>吸引力

affinity<>antipathy

吸引力<>厌恶

Synonyms: alikeness, analogy, comparison, resemblance, semblance, similarity, simile, similitude

Sample:Although Georgia O’Keeffe is best known for her affinity with the desert landscape, her paintings of urban subjects attest to her longtime residency in New York City.

afflict [E5flIkt] vt.使痛苦, 折磨

a:to distress so severely as to cause persistent suffering or anguish

b:TROUBLE, INJURE

Synonyms: TRIAL, calvary, cross, crucible, ordeal, tribulation, visitation

Sample:The "impostor syndrome" often afflicts those who fear that true self-disclosure will lower them in others' esteem; rightly handled, however, candor may actually enhance one's standing.

affluent [5AflJEnt] adj.丰富的, 富裕的

having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions

affluent<>needy

富有的<>非常贫困的

impecunious<>wealthy/prosperous/affluent

贫穷的<>富有的

impecunious<>affluent

贫穷的<>富裕的

rarely<>affluent

稀少的<>丰富的

Synonyms: RICH, moneyed, opulent, wealthy

agenda [E5dVendE]n.议程

a list or outline of things to be considered or done

minute:agenda=log:itinerary

会议记录:议程=航海日志:行程安排(记录关系)

syllabus:course=agenda:meeting:itinerary:trip=program:concert

教学大纲:课程=议程:会议=行程表:旅程=节目安排:音乐会(编排或安排关系)

Synonyms: PROGRAM, calendar, card, docket, programma, schedule, sked, timetable

Sample:We had so much difficulty agreeing upon an agenda that there was very little time for the meeting.

aggrandize [E5^rAndaIz] vt. 增加,夸大

to make appear great or greater:praise highly

aggrandize<>disparage

赞扬<>贬低

aggrandize<>relegate

扩大权势地位<>降级

efface<>aggrandize

抹掉<>增加

aggrandize<>undermine

加强<>破坏

Synonyms: INCREASE, augment, boost, enlarge, expand, extend, heighten, magnify, sublime, uprear

Sample:The history of the past quarter century illustrates how a President may aggrandize his power to act aggressively in international affairs without considering the wishes of Congress.

aggravate [5A^rEveIt] vt. 加重，恶化

to make worse, more serious, or more severe:intensify unpleasantly

aggravate<>alleviate

恶化，加重<>减轻，缓和

console<>aggravate grief

抚慰，安慰<>加重悲伤

allay<>increase the intensity of/aggravate/intensify

缓和<>加重

succor<>aggravate

援助<>恶化

assuage<>aggravate

缓和<>加重

Synonyms: INTENSIFY, deepen, enhance, heighten, intensate, magnify

Sample:I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.

aggregate [5A^rI^eIt] v.　集合,合计，集合体

to collect or gather into a mass or whole

coalesce<>disaggregate

合并<>分散

disaggregate/disintegrate<>join together

分开,分解/瓦解<>连接, 结合

aggregate<>isolated units

聚集<>分离的单位

aggregate<>disperse

聚集<>使分散

Synonyms: agglomerate, agglomeration, aggregation, conglomerate, conglomeration

Sample:The aggregate wealth of this country is staggering to the imagination.

aggressive [5E^resIv] adj.好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的

Inclined to behave in a hostile fashion.

aggressive<>even-meaning

好斗的<>性格温和的

concession<>aggress

让步<>侵犯

Synonyms: assertive, assertory, militant, pushful, pushing, pushy, self-assertive

Sample:Current data suggest that, although transitional states between fear and aggression exist, fear and aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically.

aggrieve [E`^ri:v] vt. 使委屈,使苦恼,侵害

to give pain or trouble to:DISTRESS

aggrieve<>gratify

使委屈<>使满足

aggrieved<>buoyant

愤愤不平的<>高兴的

Synonyms: DISTRESS, constrain, grieve, hurt, injure, pain, outrage, persecute

Sample:She is the aggrieved person whose fiancé did not show up for their wedding.

agony [5A^EnI] n.苦恼, 极大的痛苦

intense pain of mind or body:ANGUISH, TORTURE

painful:agonizing=important:paramount

痛苦的:引起大痛苦的=重要的:最重要的（程度类比）

agonized:distress=obsessed:concern

使痛苦:苦恼=困扰的:忧虑（同义关系）

Synonyms: DISTRESS, dolor, misery, passion, suffering

Sample:She burned herself on the stove and was in agony.

airtight [5eEtaIt] adj. 密闭的,不透气的

impermeable to air or nearly so

foolproof:fail=airtight:leak

简单的(易懂的):失败=密封的:漏(防止或减弱关系)

Sample:The fish is packed in airtight cans.

alacrity [E5lAkrItI] n. 敏捷,轻快,渴望

promptness in response:cheerful readiness

alacrity:prompt=acumen:shrewd

敏捷:快速=敏锐:干练 (同义关系)

alacrity:apathetic=temerity:timid

敏捷敏感:缺乏感情的=卤莽蛮勇的:胆怯的（反义关系）

husbandry:dissipate=alacrity:procrastinate

节约:浪费=敏捷:延迟（反义关系）

alacrity<>dilatoriness/hesitance

敏捷<>拖延/踌躇

alacrity<>recalcitrance

乐意，欣然(敏捷)<>倔强，不服从

alacrity<>hesitance and reluctance

乐意(敏捷，欣然)<>犹豫和不情愿

alacrity<>reluctant

乐意(敏捷，欣然)<>犹豫和不情愿

alacrity<>sluggish

敏捷<>迟缓【注:词性不符】

Synonyms: dispatch, expedition, goodwill, promptitude, readiness

Sample:He demonstrated his eagerness to serve by his alacrity in executing the orders of his master.

albino [Al5bi:nEJ] n. 白公,白化病者,白化变种(albinism)

an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation

albino:pigment=prairie:tree

白化症:颜料=大草原:树（缺乏关系）

alchemy [5AlkEmI] n.炼金术, 魔力

a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy aiming to achieve the transmutation of the base metals into gold, the discovery of a universal cure for disease, and the discovery of a means of indefinitely prolonging life

alchemy:chemistry=false drug:treatment

炼金术:化学=假药:治疗（种属，特征“假”）

Sample:The changing of baser metals into gold was the goal of the students of alchemy.

alibi [5AlIbaI] n.托辞，借口，辩解

an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment

alibi:exculpatory=warning:admonishery

托词:辩解=警告:训诫（行为及其目的）

alibi:exculpate=sophism:deceive

托词:辩解=诡辩:欺骗（行为及其目的）

Synonyms: EXCUSE, plea, pretext, right

Sample:Though her alibi seemed implausible, it in fact turned out to be true.

align [E5laIn] v.定位，排成一行，结盟

to bring into line or alignment

aligned<>improperly adjusted

调整<>调整不当

aligned<>irregular/{curved }/askew

排一线的<>不规则的/歪斜的

aligned<>warped

排一线的<>弯曲的

aligned<>awry

排一线的<>弯斜的

aligned<>not affiliated

排一线的<>不成排的

Synonyms: LINE, allineate, line up, range

Sample:The worker aligned the chairs in straight rows in the meeting hall.

allay [5AleI] vt. 使镇静,使缓和

to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity:ALLEVIATE

allay<>increase the intensity of/aggravate/intensify

缓和<>加重

allay<>excite {compel}

使镇静,使缓和<>使兴奋 { 强迫 }

allay<>arouse

使镇静<>唤醒

allay<>exacerbate

缓和<>恶化

foment<>allay

煽动<>减轻

allay<>irritate

使镇静,使缓和<>刺激

Synonyms: RELIEVE, alleviate, assuage, lighten, mitigate, mollify, lull, tranquilize

allegiance [E5li:dVEns] n．忠诚，拥护

devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause

pundits:authoritativeness=partisans:allegiance

博学者:权威性=拥护者:忠诚性(人或事物及其正面特征)

renegade:allegiance=apostate:faith

背信弃义者:忠诚，效忠=背教者:信念，信仰（人或事物及其反面特征）

Synonyms: FIDELITY, ardor, devotion, faithfulness, fealty, loyalty, piety

Sample:The allegiance of our allies is held by rather tenuous ties; let us hope they will remain loyal.

allegory [5AlIgC:rI] n. 寓意；寓言

the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations abouthuman existence

allegory:fiction=??

寓言:小说=?? （种属）

Synonyms: figuration, symbolism, symbolization, typification, apologue, fable, myth, parable

Sample:When Mrs. Malaprop criticizes Lydia for being "as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile," she confuses "allegory" and "allegator" in a typical malapropism.

alleviate [E5li:vIeIt] v．缓和，减轻

RELIEVE, LESSEN

abate:tax=alleviate:distress

降低:税=减轻:压力（动宾关系）

alleviate:intensity=abate:tax

减轻:强度=降低:税（动宾关系）

alleviate:strength=dampen:ardor

减轻:强度=使沮丧:热情（动宾关系）

alleviate:power=attenuate:force

减轻:能力=削弱:力量（动宾关系）

abase:length=alleviate:power

降低:长度=减少:力量（动宾关系）

alleviate:intensity=console:grief

减轻:强度=安慰:悲痛（动宾关系）

alleviate<>exacerbate

减轻<>恶化

alleviate <>increase intensity

减轻<>加强

Synonyms: RELIEVE, allay, assuage, ease, lighten, mitigate, mollify

Sample:This should alleviate the pain; if it does not, we shall have to use stronger drugs.

alliterate [E5lItEreIt] v. 押头韵

the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables

alliterate:remove=blazon:efface

合头韵:删除=画纹章:拭除（难以关系）

Sample:The sentence, "Happy Harry hates to hurry" uses alliteration.

allowance [E5laJEns] n.津贴, 补助, 宽容, 允许

a share or portion allotted or granted

pittance:allowance=rivulet:stream

少量供应:定量供应=小溪:溪流（小与正常）

Synonyms: RATION, allotment, apportionment, measure, meed, part, portion, quantum, quota, share

Sample:Despite some allowances for occupational mobility, the normal expectation of seventeenth-century English society was that the child's vocation would develop along familial lines; divergence from the career of one's parents was therefore limited.

allude [E5lu:d] vi. 暗示，间接提到

to make indirect reference; broadly:REFER

intimate:communicate=allude:refer

暗示:通信=暗指:提及（行为及其特殊方式）

allude<>mention explicitly

暗示，暗指<>明白的提及

Synonyms: REFER , advert, bring up, point (out)

Sample:Although scientists claim that the seemingly literal language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently allusive.

aloft [E5lCft] adv. 在空中，在高处, 在上

at or toward the upper rigging.

founder<>stay aloft

沉没<>保持漂浮

grounded<>aloft

着陆的<>空中的

founder<>keep aloft

沉没<>在高处

Sample:The sailor climbed aloft into the rigging.

aloof [E5lu:f] adj. 冷淡的, 孤零的

removed or distant either physically or emotionally

politic:offend=aloof:associated

精明的:冒犯=孤高的:联合的(难以关系)

gregarious<>aloof

群居的<>疏远的

aloof<>intimacy

疏远的<>亲密的

Synonyms:UNSOCIABLE ,cool,reserved,solitary,standoffish,unapproachable,unbending,uncompanionable

Sample:Although some girls were attracted by Mark's reserve, Judy was put off by it, for she felt his aloofness indicated a lack of openness.