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References Websites: "Nonvascular and Nonseed Vascular Plants." www.emc.maricopa.edu 2001.
Climate Zones. Blue Planet Biomes. 29 May 2003 <http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/index.htm> 21 October 2003. Online Image Database. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Milwaukee Public Library. 21 Oct. 2003 <www.mpm.edu/collect/fern-9.gif>. "Vascular Seedless Plants." www.personal.psu.edu 2003.
Journals: Niklas, Karl J. "Patterns of Vascular Plant Diversification in the Fossil Record: Proof and Conjecture." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 75, No. 1. 1988: 35-54. Cook, Martha E.; Friedman, William E. "Tracheid Structure in a Primitive Extant Plant Provide an Evolutionary Link to the Earliest Fossil Tracheids" International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 159, No. 6. 1998: 881-890 Knoll, Andrew H.; Niklas, Karl J.; Gensel, Patricia G.; Tiffney, Bruce H. "Character Diversification and Patterns of Evolution in Early Vascular Plants” Paleobiology, Vol. 10, No.1. 1984: 34-47 Roth, A.; Neugebauer, H. J. "Efficiency and Evolution of Water Transport Systems in Higher Plants: a Modeling approach. I. The Earliest Land Plants” Philosophical Transaction: Biological Sciences, Vol. 345, No.1312. 1994: 147-152 Raven, J.A.; Edwards D. "Roots evolutionary origins and Biogeochemical Significance” Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 52, No.90001. March 2001: 381-401. Brooks, Fred E..; Edwards D. "Plant-Parasitic Algae(Chlorophyta: Trentepohliales) in American Samoa” Pacific Science, Vol. 58, No.3. July 2004: 419-428. Elick, Jennifer M.; Driese, Steven G.; Mora, Claudia I.. "Very large plant and root traces from the Early to Middle Devonian: Implications for early terrestrial ecosystems and atmospheric p(CO2). ” Geology, Vol. 26, No.2. 1998: 143-146. Rees, P. McAllister. “Land Plant Diversity and the end-Permian Mass Extinction” Geology, Vol. 30, No.9. 2002: 827-830 Friedman, W. E.; Moore, R.C.; Purugganan, M. D.. “The evolution of Plant Development” American Journal of Botany, Vol. 91, No.10. 2004: 1726-1741. Edwards, D.; Kerp, H.; Hass, H. “Stomata in early land plants: an anatomical and ecophysiological approach” Experimental Botany, Vol. 49, No.9. March : 255-278 Text: Raven, Johnson, Losos and Singer. Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005
"Fern," Microsoft®
Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2003 Magazine: Court, Helen Glenn. "Designing with Non-flowering Plants." Home & Garden
Links: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_5.html A link to further information on vascular, seedless plants, with great pictures. http://dmoz.org/Home/Cooking/Fruits_and_Vegetables/Greens/Fiddlehead_Fern/ An interesting site that has many recipes on how to prepare vascular seedless plants, such as fiddleheads and ferns http://www.uncp.edu/home/kellyl/Botany%20Ch19%20Seedless%20Plants.htm An outline detailing seedless vascular plants.
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