Fenghua Song


CV | Research

Scott

Fenghua Song

Smeal College of Business

Penn State University

University Park, PA 16802

Tel: 814.863.4905

Email: song@psu.edu
SSRN: http://ssrn.com/author=456171


Academic Experience
Assistant Professor of Finance,
Penn State, 2007 – Present

 

Education
PhD, Washington University in St. Louis, 2007
MSc, National University of Singapore, 2002
BSE, Tsinghua University, 1999


 

 


 

Research Interests

Corporate Finance, Financial Intermediation

 

Research Publications

 

1.    Strategic Flexibility and the Optimality of Pay for Sector Performance, (with R. Gopalan and T. Milbourn), 2010, Review of Financial Studies 23(5), 2060-98.

 

·         Winner of Citigroup Award for the best paper at the 2009 CAF Summer Research Conference

·         Summarized in Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation and Smeal Research with Impact

·         Centre for Analytical Finance Summer Research Conference (2009)

·         Financial Management Association (FMA) Annual Conference (2008, top ten session)

·         Fifth Annual UBC Summer Finance Conference (2008)

·         China International Conference in Finance (2008)

 

Abstract: While standard contract theory suggests that a CEO should be paid relative to a benchmark that removes the effects of sector performance, there is evidence that CEO pay is strongly and positively related to such sector performance. Many have coined this relationship as pay for luck. In this paper we offer an explanation. We model a CEO charged with selecting the firm's strategy which determines the firm's exposure to sector performance. To incentivize the CEO to choose optimally, pay contracts will be positively and sometimes asymmetrically related to sector performance. Consistent with our prediction, our empirical analysis indicates that the observed sensitivity of pay to sector performance is almost fully confined to multi-segment firms and is greater in firms that offer greater strategic flexibility to alter sector exposure, for more talented CEOs, and for CEOs as compared to their subordinate executives. Our evidence is robust to alternate explanations such as CEO entrenchment.

 

2.    Financial System Architecture and the Co-evolution of Banks and Capital Markets, (with A.V. Thakor), 2010, The Economic Journal 120(547), 1021-55.

 

Media briefings: a non-technical summary of the paper

 

·         Summarized in VoxEU (a policy portal by the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR))

·         American Economic Association (AEA) Annual Conference (2009)

·         Third Singapore International Conference on Finance (2009)

·         Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) Annual Conference (2008)

 

Abstract: We study how financial system architecture evolves through the development of banks and financial markets. The predominant existing view is that banks and markets compete, which often contradicts actual patterns of development. We show that banks and markets exhibit three forms of interaction: they compete, they complement each other, and they co-evolve. Co-evolution is generated by two elements missing in previous analyses of financial system architecture: securitization and bank equity capital. As banks evolve via improvements in credit screening, they securitize higher-quality credits in the capital market. This encourages greater investor participation and spurs capital market evolution. And, if capital market evolution is spurred by exogenous shocks that cause more investors to participate, banks find it cheaper to raise equity capital to satisfy endogenously-arising risk-sensitive capital requirements. Bank evolution is thus stimulated as banks consequently serve previously-unserved high-risk borrowers. Numerous additional results are drawn out.          

 

3.    Relationship Banking, Fragility, and the Asset-Liability Matching Problem, (with A.V. Thakor), 2007, Review of Financial Studies 20(6), 2129-77.

 

·         Banco de Portugal Conference on Financial Fragility and Bank Regulation (2005)

 

Abstract: We address a fundamental question in relationship banking: why do banks that make relationship loans finance themselves primarily with core deposits and when would it be optimal to finance such loans with purchased money? We show that not only are relationship loans informationally opaque and illiquid, but they also require the relationship between the bank and the borrower to endure in order for the bank to add value. However, the informational opacity of relationship loans gives rise to endogenous withdrawal risk that makes the bank fragile. Core deposits are an attractive funding source for such loans because the bank provides liquidity services to core depositors and this diminishes the likelihood of premature deposit withdrawal, thereby facilitating the continuity of relationship loans. That is, we show that banks will wish to match the highest value-added liabilities with the highest value-added loans and that doing so simultaneously minimizes the bank’s fragility owing to withdrawal risk and maximizes the value the bank adds in relationship lending. We also examine the impact of interbank competition on the bank’s asset-liability matching and extract numerous testable predictions.

 

4.    Information Control, Career Concerns, and Corporate Governance, (with A.V. Thakor), 2006, Journal of Finance 61(4), 1845-96.

 

Abstract: We examine corporate governance effectiveness when the CEO generates project ideas and the board of directors screens these ideas for approval. However, the precision of the board’s screening information is controlled by the CEO. Moreover, both the CEO and the board have career concerns that interact. The board’s career concerns cause it to distort its investment recommendation procyclically, whereas the CEO’s career concerns cause her to sometimes reduce the precision of the board’s information. Moreover, the CEO sometimes prefers a less able board, and this happens only during economic upturns, suggesting that corporate governance will be weaker during economic upturns.

 

5.    The Effect of Taxes on the Pricing of Defaultable Debt, (with KG Lim and M. Warachka), 2003, Journal of Risk 6(2), 1-29.

 

·         Lead article

·         Quantitative Methods in Finance Annual Conference (Sydney, 2001)

 

Abstract: Empirical studies have documented the dependence of corporate credit spreads on default risk, equity premiums, and taxes. However, taxes have previously not been incorporated into reduced-form credit risk models. Therefore, we first extend the existing literature by considering a default intensity that depends on taxes as well as the default-free short rate and a market index. Consequently, we establish a theoretical basis to explain previous empirical findings regarding the significant impact of taxation on defaultable bond prices. Unlike previous models, tax implications for defaultable debt cannot be constructed from a sum of tax effects on zero coupon bonds. Our empirical tests then illustrate the importance of taxation. In particular, the impact of taxation increases as a function of the debt’s maturity and coupon rate.

 

Selected Working Papers

 

1.    The Optimal Duration of Executive Compensation: Theory and Evidence (with R. Gopalan, T. Milbourn, and A.V. Thakor)

 

·         American Finance Association (AFA) Annual Conference (2012, scheduled)

·         Winner of the 2011 Olin Award: Recognizing Research that Transforms Business

·         Summarized in Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

·         Frontiers in Finance 2011 Conference

·         Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) Annual Conference (2011)

 

2.    Debt Maturity Structure and Credit Quality (previous title: “Do Credit Rating Agencies Underestimate Liquidity Risk?”) (with R. Gopalan and V. Yerramilli)

 

·         Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) Annual Conference (2011)

·         FDIC-JFSR joint conference on Finance and Sustainable Growth: 10th Annual Bank Research Conference (2010)

·         CAREFIN-Bocconi Conference on Matching Stability and Performance: The Impact of New Regulations on Financial Intermediary Management (2010)

·         NY Fed-RCFS joint conference on Financial Stability and Financial Intermediary Firms’ Behavior (2010)

·         Texas Lone Star Finance Conference (2010)

·         European Finance Association (EFA) Annual Meeting (2010)

·         Financial Management Association (FMA) Annual Conference (2010, top session, semifinalist for best paper)

 

3.    CEO Longevity and Corporate Performance

 

4.    Correlated Leverage and Its Ramifications (previous title: “Infectious Leverage”) (with A.M. Goel and A.V. Thakor)

 

·         Western Finance Association (WFA) Annual Conference (2011, scheduled)

·         American Economic Association (AEA) Annual Conference (2011)

·         NY Fed-NYU Stern Conference on Financial Intermediation (2010)

·         NBER Summer Institute (2009)

·         CAREFIN-Bocconi Conference on Matching Stability and Performance: The Impact of New Regulations on Financial Intermediary Management (2010)

·         Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) Annual Conference (2010)

·         Banco de Portugal Conference on Financial Intermediation (2009)

·         Deutsche Bundesbank-Imperial College London Conference on the Future of Banking Regulation (2009)

 

Professional Activities

 

·         Referee: Review of Financial Studies, Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Financial Intermediation, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Journal of Financial and Services Research, Journal of Corporate Finance, Journal of Business Research

 

·         Program Committee: Financial Intermediation Research Society (FIRS) Annual Conferences (2008 – 2012), Washington University Annual Conference on Corporate Finance (2010 - 2011), Financial Management Association (FMA) Annual Conference (2011)

 

·         External Grant Reviewer: Hong Kong Research Grants Council (2008, 2010)

 

Teaching

 

·         Financial Management of the Business Enterprise (undergraduate, Penn State, Fall 2007, Fall 2008, Fall 2009, Fall 2010)

·         Corporate Finance (PhD, Penn State, Fall 2010)

 

Honors and Awards

 

·         Winner of the 2011 Olin Award: Recognizing Research that Transforms Business

·         Winner of Citigroup award for the best paper at the 2009 CAF Summer Research Conference

·         Smeal Small Research Grant (2007)

·         Hubert C. Moog Scholar for academic excellence, Washington University in St. Louis (2005, 2006)

·         American Finance Association (AFA) student travel award (2005)