Short Course on
SURFACTANTS:
SOLUTION,
INTERFACIAL AND COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES
For information on next available course date, location and
registration, see the Short Course Website
https://sites.google.com/site/surfactantshortcourse/
or contact:
Emeritus Professor of Chemical Engineering
The Pennsylvania State University
E-Mail: RXN@PSU.EDU
URL: http://www.personal.psu.edu/rxn
Why
this course?
|
The course is also offered at industrial sites either as a
one–day course or as an extended two–day course with three sessions of
approximately twelve hours of lecture.
|
Course
Schedule
8:00 AM INTRODUCTION
8:15
AM SURFACTANTS
IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
9:00
AM SURFACTANTS
IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
9:30
AM SURFACTANT
MIXTURES
10:00
AM SOLUBILIZATION
10:30
AM MICROEMULSIONS
11:00
AM SURFACTANT-POLYMER
INTERACTIONS
11:30
AM BLOCK
COPOLYMERS IN SOLUTIONS
Noon LUNCH
1:00
PM SELF-ASSEMBLY AT
SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES
1:30
PM SURFACE AND
INTERFACIAL TENSION LOWERING
2:00
PM WETTING AND
SPREADING
2:30
PM MACROEMULSIONS
3:00
PM FOAMING AND
ANTI-FOAMING
3:30
PM DETERGENCY
4:00
PM DISPERSION OF
SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS
4:30
PM SURFACTANTS -
OUTLOOK
5:00
PM
CONCLUSION
DETAILED COURSE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
TO SURFACTANTS
Description of a surfactant
Types and chemical structures
of surfactants
Description of a block
copolymer
Types of block copolymers
Behavior of surfactants at
interfaces
Behavior of surfactants in bulk
solutions
Organization of the course
SURFACTANTS
IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Formation of micelles and
vesicles in water
Critical micelle concentration
Why molecules aggregate?
What factors control aggregate
size and shape?
Principle of opposing forces of
Tanford
Packing parameter model
Influence of surfactant tail
group
Influence of surfactant head
group
Influence of added electrolytes
Formation of rodlike micelles and vesicles
Phase behavior of surfactant-water system
SURFACTANTS
IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Nature of aggregates in non-polar solvents
Influence of surfactant
molecular structure
Influence of temperature
Influence of solvent polarity
Aggregation in polar, organic
solvents
Aggregation in mixed
aqueous-organic solvents
SURFACTANT
MIXTURES
Formation of mixed micelles
Ideal and non-ideal mixtures
Surfactant mixtures - head group variations
Surfactant mixtures - tail group variations
SOLUBILIZATION
Phenomenon of solubilization
Solubilizate uptake in
surfactant micelles
What factors control solubilization ?
Solubilization in ionic
micelles
Solubilization in nonionic
micelles
Solubilization‑induced
rod‑to‑sphere transition
Solubilization of binary
hydrocarbon mixtures
Solubilization in mixed
micelles
MICROEMULSIONS
Droplet microemulsions
Bicontinuous microemulsions
Phase transitions between
microemulsion systems
Nonionic microemulsions
Microemulsions with ionic
surfactants
Use of cosurfactants
Interfacial tension in
microemulsion systems
SURFACTANT-POLYMER INTERACTIONS
Polymer-surfactant complexation
Nonionic polymer - globular micelle
interactions
Interaction with rod-like
micelles
Interaction with vesicles and
bilayers
Interaction with microemulsions
Ionic polymer-ionic surfactant
interactions
BLOCK
COPOLYMERS IN SOLUTIONS
Block copolymer micelles
Influence of solvophobic block
Influence of solvophilic block
Aggregate shape transitions
Analogy with surfactant
aggregation
Solubilization in block
copolymer micelles
Phase behavior of block
copolymer-water system
Block copolymer aggregates in
oil-water system
SELF-ASSEMBLY AT SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES
Adsorption isotherms at solid-liquid interfaces
Patterns of aggregation from
AFM studies
Why self-assembly occurs ?
Aggregation on Hydrophobic
surfaces
Aggregation on hydrophilic
surfaces
Concentration dependence of
aggregate morphologies
SURFACE
AND INTERFACIAL TENSION LOWERING
Adsorption of surfactants at
air-liquid interface
Effectiveness and efficiency of
adsorption
Lowering of surface tension by
surfactants
Adsorption of surfactants at
liquid-liquid interfaces
Lowering of interfacial tension
by surfactants
WETTING
AND SPREADING
Description of wetting and
spreading
Mechanism of action of
surfactants in wetting
Mechanism of action of
surfactants in spreading
Selecting surfactants for
wetting and spreading
MACROEMULSIONS
Simple and multiple emulsions
Factors affecting emulsion
stability
Phase inversion temperature
(PIT)
Selecting surfactants based on
HLB number and PIT
FOAMING
AND ANTI-FOAMING
Description of foams
Factors affecting foam
stability
Selecting surfactants as
foaming agents
Description of anti-foaming
Mechanism of action of
surfactants in anti-foaming
Selecting surfactants to break
foams
DETERGENCY
Description of cleaning process
Mechanism of action of
surfactants in cleaning
Selecting surfactants for
detergency
DISPERSION
OF SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS
Description of solid
dispersions
Description of
coagulation/flocculation
Mechanism of action of
surfactant in particle stabilization
Selection of surfactants as
stabilizers and flocculators
Block copolymers as stabilizers
Stabilization of nanoparticle
dispersions