ENGL 401/02, “The Manifesto”     

Professor Janet Lyon

jwl12@psu.edu

Spring, 2002    Office Hours: M 3:30-4:30,W 11:30-12:30

37 S. Burrowes; 865-9681

Arts 230, MWF10:10-11:00

 

Required Texts:

Mary Ann Caws, ed., Manifesto: A Century of Isms

 

Most other readings, marked by **, will be available for purchase in a photocopy packet at Gnomon Copy on College Ave.

Readings marked with a star will be distributed in class.

 

First week:

Introduction to the concept of the manifesto form.  We will discuss the trademarks of the form, including tone (anger, resentment, resolve), enumeration of demands or of political or artistic declarations, the kind of language typically used, the ways in which the form typically makes use of the pronoun “we,” the fact that the form often claims to speak for the many.

1/7/02: Introduction

1/9/02: Reading: “The Poetics of the Manifesto,” Caws, xix-xxxi. 

In class I will distribute: “Rectangle Manifesto” (c. 1997), “Anti-Coolies Manifesto” (c. 1995), “Because,” Asian and Pacific Students’ Association, 1990

1/11/02: Reading: **J. Lyon, Manifestoes: Provocations of the Modern (Cornell 1999), pp. 9-16.  In class I will distribute: “When Shall We Have Bread?” (c. 1791)

 

Second week:

We’ll begin to discuss the history of the manifesto, in order to lay the groundwork for a theoretical understanding of the form’s importance in modernity.  This week’s readings are largely proto- or pre-manifestoes.

1/14/02: **J. Lyon, pp. 16-26.

                **Digger tracts: “A Mite Cast into the Common Treasury: or, Queries propounded (for all men to consider of) by him who desireth to advance the work of publick Community” [1649]; “To his Excellency the Lord Fairfax and the Counsell of Warre the Brotherly Request of those that are called Diggers sheweth” [1649]; “The Diggers Song” [1650]

1/16/02: **J. Lyon, pp. 26-34.

**Diggers tracts:  “A Declaration of the Grounds and Reasons why we the Poor Inhabitants of the Town of Wellinborrow . . .” [1650]; “A Declaration of the grounds and Reasons, why we the poor Inhabitants of the Parrish of Iver in Buckinghamshire” [1650]

1/18/02: **J. Lyon, 34-45.

**John Milton, “A Manifesto of the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,              Scotland, Ireland, &c. Wherein is Shown the Reasonableness of the Cause of This               Republic Against the Depradations of the Spaniards” [1655, in Latin; trans. 1738]

 

Third week:

We’ll look at the “Declaration of Independence” and many imitations thereof, in order to begin thinking about what Derrida calls “iterability.”  We’ll also begin the bi-weekly “Manifesto Workshop” (every other Friday) and the “Manifesto Presentation” (every Friday).

 

1/21/02: MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. DAY

                ** “Declaration of Independence,” July 4, 1776.  (Foner, 41-46)

** “Declaration of Independence from the War in Viet Nam,” Martin Luther King, Jr., 1967 (Bloom and Breines 230-36)

** “Declaration of Principles and Bill of Grievances of the Internationals of the United States of America,” February 1874 (Foner 84-88)

** “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions,” the Woman’s Rights Convention, July 1848 (Foner 77-83)

** “Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam,” Ho Chi Mihn, September 1945 (Katope/Zolbrod, 4-76)

1/23/02: **“Negro Declaration of Independence,” the National Independent Political Union,               February, 1876 (Foner 89-94)

**“Declaration of Workers’ and Farmers’ Rights and Purposes,” the National Unemployed Leagues, July 4, 1933 (Foner 159-62)

**“Black Declaration of Independence,” the National Committee of Black Churchmen, July 4, 1970 (Foner 163-69)

1/25/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

Manifesto workshop: 1st session of group work from which will emerge, over the course of the semester, one, or perhaps several, manifestoes.

                                                                                                                               

Fourth week:

We’ll read a few manifestoes from the French Revolution (written from positions both for and against the revolution, as well as from positions within the Left), in order to establish how the manifesto form negotiates various elaborations of “shared” goals.  Then we’ll read some documents from English Chartism, and we’ll get started on the Communist Manifesto.

1/28/02: **“Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen,” August 27, 1789

                **“Declaration of the Rights of Women,” Olympe de Gouges, 1791

                **“The Brunswick Manifesto,” July 25, 1792

1/30/02: **“Manifeste des egaux” [“Manifesto of Equals”], Sylvain Maréchal, 1794

                **“The End of the Old World,” Abbé Fauchet, 1793                                                   

                **“The People’s Petition,”Chartism (British), 1838

2/1/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                **“The Communist Manifesto,” Karl Marx, February 1848

 

Fifth week:

We’ll continue our reading of the influential “Communist Manifesto,” then move to a few manifestoes from the Paris Commune of 1871, and a Mexican art manifesto issued after the first intensive phase of the Mexican Revolution.

2/4/02: **“Communist Manifesto”

2/6/02: **“Commune de Paris Manifeste du Comité Central de L’Union des Femmes” [Manifesto of the Central Union of Women], 1871

                                **“Commune de Paris, Le Peuple de Paris Aux Soldats de Versailles” [The People of Paris to the Soldiers of Versailles], 1871

**“Manifesto Issued by the Syndicate of Technical Workers, Painters, and Sculptors, Mexico City, 1922"

2/8/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                Manifesto workshop.

 

Sixth week:

This week begins a long section on artistic manifestoes written in the early twentieth century groups such as as Imagists, Vorticists, Futurists, Dadaists, and Surrealists.  We will start by asking why art groups took up the manifesto form, and how they altered or enhanced or parodied the form. Week 6 will concentrate on Futurism, a cosmopolitan Italian art movement that addressed literature, painting, theatre, fashion, and intersected at points with a growing working-class populism in Italy.

2/11/02:  Caws, “Futurism,” 168-71

                F. T. Marinetti, “The Founding and Manifesto of Futurism” [1909], Caws, 185-89

 **F. T. Marinetti, “Against Amore and Parliamentarianism” [1911-15]; “Marriage and the Family” [1919]

                                Valentine de Saint-Point, “Manifesto of the Futurist Woman” [1912]; “Futurist Manifesto of Lust” [1913], Caws, 213-20

2/13/02: Caws, 172-84, 190-211

                                Umberto Boccioni, “Technical Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture” [1912]; “Futurist Painting: Technical Manifesto” [1910]; “Manifesto of the Futurist Painters” [1910]

                                F. T. Marinetti, “After the Marne, Joffre Visited the Front in an Automobile” [1915]; “The Futurist Synthetic Theatre” [1915]; “Tactilism” [1924]

                Carlo Carrà, “The Painting of Sounds, Noises, and Smells” [1913]

                Luigi Russolo, “The Art of Noises” [excerpts, 1913]

2/15/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                Mina Loy, “Aphorisms on Futurism” [1914-19]; “Aphorisms on Modernism” [1914-19]; “Notes on Existence” [1914-19]; “The Artist and the Public” [1917], Caws,  327-335

                “Feminist Manifesto” [1914], Caws, 611-613

 

Seventh week:

We will start with Imagism (a poetry movement conceived principally by Americans living in London) and then move into some of the manifestoes that appeared in the Vorticist magazine, BLAST (the short-lived journal of a London art group).

2/18/02: Caws, section on Imagism, 351-363

                Pierre Reverdy, “The Image” [1918]

                F. S. Flint, “Imagisme” [1913]

                Marsden Hartley, “The Business of Poetry” [1919]

                Ezra Pound, “A Few Don’ts by an Imagiste” [1913]; “Axiomata” [1921]

2/20/02: Caws, section on Vorticism, 338-348 (including introduction):

                The Egoist [1914]

                R. Aldington &co., “Beyond Action and Reaction” [1914]; “Our Vortex” [1914]

                Wyndham Lewis, “Bless/Blast England” [1914]

2/22/02: MIDTERM EXAM

 

Eighth week:

Fabulous writings by the Dadaists, an international group originally brought together in Zurich by way of their shared opposition to WWI, as well as their completely anarchic relation to art. 

2/25/02: Caws: 288-91, 296-310

                Zurich Dada: “Dada Excites Everything” [1921]

                                Jean (Hans) Arp, “Manifesto of the Dada Crocodarium” [1920]; “The Elephant Style versus the Bidet Style” [1934]; “Infinite Millimeter Manifesto” [1938]

                                Tristan Tzara, “Note on Art” [1917], “Dada Manifesto” [1918]; “Mr. Antipyrine’s Manifesto” [1918]; “Note on Poetry” [1919]; “Mr. AA the Antiphilosopher Has Sent Us This Manifesto” [1920]; “Proclamation without Pretension” [1920]

2/27/02: Caws, 312-26

                Berlin Dada: Richard Huelsenbeck, “Pig’s Bladder” [1920, German]

                Theo van Doesburg, “Characteristics of Dadaism” [excerpt, 1923, Dutch]

                Marcel Duchamp, “Possible” [1913, NY/Paris]

                                Francis Picabia, “Dada Cannibalistic Manifesto” [1920]; “DADA Manifesto” [1920]; “Is an Imbecile, an Idiot, A Pickpocket!!!” [1921, NY/Paris]

                Man Ray, “Statement” [1916, NY/Paris]

                Hans Richter, “Against Without for Dada” [1919, NY/Paris]

                Jacques Vaché, “Manifesto of UMORE” [1917, NY/Paris]

                Marcel Duchamp, “Kind of Sub-Title” [1934]

                The Baroness Else Von Freytag-Loringhoven, “The Modest Woman” [1921, NY/Paris]

3/1/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                Manifesto workshop.

 

SPRING BREAK

 

Ninth week:

More Dada-like experimentation, with some backing up to precursors in Cubism and moving forward to the transformations of Surrealism.

3/11/02: Gertrude Stein, “Composition as Explanation,” [1926], Caws, 670-679

                Stephan Mallarmé, “A Throw of Dice” [1897], Caws, 31-49

3/13/02: Surrealists, “Declaration of January 27, 1925," Caws, 450

                                André Breton and Diego Rivera, “Manifesto for an Independent Revolutionary Art” [1938], Caws 472-77

                Aimé Césaire, “In the Guise of a Literary Manifesto” [1942], Caws, 484-88

                Salvador Dali, “Yellow Manifesto” [1928], Caws, 367-72

3/15/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                **André Breton, “Secrets of the Magical Surrealist Art,” from the first “Manifesto of Surrealism” [1924], Manifestoes of Surrealism, trans. Richard Seaver and Helen Lane (Michigan, 1972), 29-47.

 

Tenth week:

Some poetic prefaces from the nineteenth century, and a few from the twentieth. Q: are these literary manifestoes?

3/18/02: **William Wordsworth, “‘Preface’ to Lyrical Ballads” [1802] Norton Anthology of              English Literature, Part II, 5th ed., 155-70

3/20/02: **Percy Bysshe Shelley, “A Defence of Poetry” [1821], Norton Anthology, 777-92

3/22/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                Eugène Jolas & co., “The Revolution of the Word” [1928], Caws, 530

                Marsden Hartley, “Art and the Personal Life” [1928], Caws 588-90

                Frank O’Hara, “Personism” [1959], Caws, 591-92

 

Eleventh week:                                                                                                                                    

Moving into the 1960s, when the production of manifestoes increased explosively. These are from the civil rights movement, the free speech movement, the black liberation movement, the chicano liberation movement.

3/25/02: ** “The Port Huron Statement” [1960] (Bloom and Breines 61-74)

                ** “The Nanterre Manifesto” [1968] (Katope and Zolbrod 269-273)

                ** “The Digger Papers” [1968] (Bloom and Breines 316-22)

                ** “The Yippie Manifesto” [1968] (Bloom and Breines 323-24)

3/27/02: **“List of Strike Demands: San Francisco State: Black Student Union and Third World         Liberation Front” [1969] (Bloom and Breines 391-92)

**“The Black Panther Platform: ‘What We Want, What We Believe’” [1966] (Bloom and Breines 164-67)

                **“Chicano Manifesto” [1971] (Bloom and Breines 177-80)

3/29/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                Manifesto workshop.

 

Twelfth week:

Huge numbers of manifestoes were produced by the many splinters of the women’s liberation movement.  Here are a few.

4/1/02: ** “The Redstockings Manifesto” [1969] (Bloom and Breines 485-87)

                ** “Combahee River Collective Statement” [1977]

                ** “SDS National Resolution on Women” [1968]

                ** “WITCH Manifesto” [1968]

4/3/02: ** Valerie Solanas, “SCUM Manifesto” [1967; excerpts]

4/5/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

 

Thirteenth week:

“Gay Liberation” manifestoes, then and now; and two fake manifestoes by a conceptual artist.

 4/08/02: ** “What we Want, What We Believe,” Third World Gay Liberation  [1971] (Bloom and Breines 600-604)

                ** “Dyke Manifesto” c. 1994

                ** “Queers Read this” c. 1999

4/10/02: **Jenny Holzer, Two manifestoes, c. 1979

4/12/02: Manifesto presentations by two students.

                Manifesto workshop.

 

Fourteenth week:

Finally, the presentation to the class of your manifestoes.

4/15/02: Manifesto presentation, group 1

4/17/02: Manifesto presentation, group 2

4/19/02: NO CLASS

 

Fifteenth week:

4/22/02: Manifesto presentation, group 3

4/24/02: Manifesto presentation, group 4

4/26/02: Review

 

Final Exam

Wednesday May 1, 6:50-8:40 p.m.

 

Course Requirements:

1.Attendance: Attendance will be taken at the beginning of each class.  More than 4 unexcused absences will lower your grade by a full letter; more than 6 will fail you out of the course.  (Excused absences are those related to debilitating illness or personal trauma, religious holidays, and university-sanctioned activities, e.g. athletics, competitions, performances; these must be discussed with me.)

2. Presentations: On Fridays we will have manifesto presentations.  You will need to locate a manifesto that interests you–either from one of the source books that I will make available to the class, or from the library, or from wherever you happen to find one.  You will sign up to present this manifesto to the class; your presentation must provide historical background about the manifesto and an analysis of its purpose and method.  Presentations should last about ten minutes; you’ll need to photocopy and distribute the manifesto to the class.

3. Papers: You will write a 3-5 page paper growing out of your manifesto presentation.  This will be due within a week of your presentation.  Papers should be carefully researched, written, and footnoted.  My criteria for grading will be just the same as any paper written for an English class.

4. Manifesto workshops: The class will be divided into four groups, and each group will work on one–or perhaps a series–of manifestoes.  This writing will occur over the course of the semester, and during the last two weeks of the semester these manifestoes will be presented to the class.

5. Grade breakdown:  Class participation: 20%; Midterm exam: 15%; Final Exam: 25%

                                    Class presentation: 10%; Essay: 15%; Workshop presentation: 15%

6. Don’t cheat.  The penalties are profound.

7. Students with disabilities will be fully accommodated in this course; if you have special needs, please let me know right away.

8. Please feel free to make use of my office hours to discuss ideas, presentations, and any other course-related matters.  I will hold office hours on Mondays from 3:30-4:30 and Wednesdays from 11:30-1:30, in my office is located in 37 S. Burrowes (in the English department).

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