Biology 129 - Anatomy Laboratory

Structures of the Integument

Layers of the Integument

Epidermis

Cellular layers of the Epidermis

Stratum corneum (dead, keratinized squamous cells - this layer can be very thick)

Stratum lucidum (omit - only present in palms and soles)

Stratum granulosum (some cells dead, some not - granular appearance)

Stratum spinosum (all healthy, living cells - several layers thick)

Stratum basale (single layer, mitotically active, nuclei visible, attached to basement membrane)

Dermis (primarily dense, irregular connective tissue; blood vessels and nerves)

Epidermal structures (located mainly in the dermis)

Hair follicles (with or without hair shaft inside)

Arrector pili muscles (smooth muscle tissue)

Sebaceous glands (associated with hair follicles - secrete oil)

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands (coiled tubes - secrete sweat)

Hypodermis (primarily adipose tissue and loose connective tissue)

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