INTENTIONALITY

The direction of psychological states toward intended objects distinguishes the mental from the purely physical. If I believe, then I believe something about something. If I doubt, then my doubt is about something, and has an object about which I entertain a doubt. Similarly if I hope, fear, expect, dread, love, hate, and so on, all of which psychological occurrences are about the objects they intend.

I follow other philosophers in distinguishing between the intrinsic intentionality of thought and the derivative intentionality of language and other expressions of thought. Language, art, and artifacts are also directed toward intended objects in referring to things and facts or states of affairs. But they are only derivatively intentional when they are used to communicate ideas that originate with a mind’s intrinsically intentional thoughts.

Much of my work in philosophy centers on the concept of intentionality and its philosophical applications. I have developed an intentionalist version of property dualism as a solution to the mind-body problem in the philosophy of mind. The derivative intentionality of thought as expressed in language, art, and artifacts in turn motivates my philosophical orientation in logic, formal semantics, philosophy of language, philosophy of art and aesthetics, action theory, ethics, and moral philosophy, and the metaphysics of culture.

I interpret intentionality as a conceptually primitive irreducible abstract relation between thought or its expression and its intended objects. There are nevertheless many aspects of intentionality that require theoretical development. I have proposed several linguistic criteria of intentionality, criticized efforts to eliminate or explain away intentionality in terms of nonintentional concepts, and explored the implications of intentionality for traditional problems of philosophy. My ongoing research in these areas continues to emphasize the ineliminability and irreducibility of intrinsic and derivative intentionality as a vital perspective for philosophical inquiry.

Philosophy of Mind (Prentice Hall / Foundations of Philosophy Series, 1994) (x + 166 pp.).

Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence (Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1996) (xiii + 297 pp.).

Ontology (Acumen Books, McGill-Queen's University Press / Central Problems of Philosophy Series, 2002) (xv + 348 pp.).

Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism: Critical and Historical Readings on the Psychological Turn in Philosophy (edited) (Kluwer Academic Publishing / Philosophical Studies Series, volume 91, 2003) (xiii + 339 pp.).

The Cambridge Companion to Brentano (edited) (Cambridge University Press, 2004) (xxii + 322 pp.).

Philosophy of Mind: The Metaphysics of Emergent Consciousness (Continuum Books) (2nd revised editionof Philosophy of Mind), in preparation.

After 'On Denoting': Themes from Russell and Meinong (edited with Kenneth Blackwell and Nicholas Griffin)(The Bertrand Russell Research Centre), in preparation.

Russell versus Meinong (edited with Nicholas Griffin), Routledge, in preparation.

J. N. Findlay, Meinong's Theory of Objects and Values, Edited with an Introduction by Dale Jacquette (Gregg Revivals / Ashgate Publishing, 1995).

Philosophy and Rhetoric, special issue on 'The Dialectics of Psychologism', guest edited by Dale Jacquette, 30, 1997.

The School of Alexius Meinong (edited with Liliana Albertazzi and Roberto Poli) (Ashgate Publishing, 2001) (xi + 579 pp.).

"Intention, Meaning, and Substance in the Phenomenology of Abstract Painting", The British Journal of Aesthetics, 46, 2006, 38-58.

"Adevar si fictiune in critica lui David Lewis asupra semanticii meinongiene", (Romanian translation of "Truth and Fiction in David Lewis's Critique of Meinongian Semantics", 2001, below), Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, 5, 2006, 55-86.

"Margolis on History and Nature", Metaphilosophy, 36, 2005, 568-577.

"Probability, Practical Reasoning, and Conditional Statements of Intent", The Harvard Review of Philosophy, 11, 2003, 101-113.

"Conditional Intent in the Strange Case of Murder by Logic", Logic and Logical Philosophy, 12, 2003, 301-316.

"Meinong on the Phenomenology of Assumption", Studia Phænomenologica, special issue on 'The School of Brentano and Husserlian Phenomenology', 3, 2003, 155-177.

"Searle's Antireductionism", Facta Philosophica, 4, 2002, 143-166.

"Brentano's Scientific Revolution in Philosophy", Spindel Conference 2001, Origins: The Common Sources of Analytic and Phenomenological Traditions, Southern Journal of Philosophy, Spindel Conference Supplement, 40, 2002, 193-221.

"Psychologism Revisited in Logic, Metaphysics, and Epistemology", Metaphilosophy, 32, 2001, 261-278.

"Fin de Siècle Austrian Thought and the Rise of Scientific Philosophy", History of European Ideas, 27, 2001, 307-315.

"Carl Stumpf on the Ontology of Relations", Brentano Studien, 9, 2000-2001, 279-250.

"Identity, Intensionality, and Moore's Paradox", Synthese, 123, 2000, 279-292.

"Confessions of a Meinongian Logician", Grazer Philosophische Studien, 58-59, 2000, 151-180.

"Demonstratives and the Logic of the Self", Philosophical Papers, 28, 1999, 1-23.

"Quantum Indeterminacy and Wittgenstein's Private Language Argument", Philosophical Explorations: An International Journal for the Philosophy of Mind and Action, 2, 1999, 79-95.

"Wittgenstein's Anthropologism in Logic, Philosophy, and the Social Sciences", Social Epistemology, 13, 1999, 303-322.

"Intentionality on the Instalment Plan", Philosophy, 73, 1998, 63-79.

"La Neurobiologia y el Alma", Estudios Filosficos (Spanish translation), 47, 1998, 143-156.

"Reflections on Mally's Heresy", Axiomathes, 8, 1997, 163-180.

"Conceivability, Intensionality, and the Logic of Anselm's Modal Argument for the Existence of God", International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 42, 1997, 163-173.

"What Would a Cerebroscope Do?", Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 27, 1996, 188-199.

"On Defoliating Meinong's Jungle", Axiomathes, special issue on 'The Philosophy of Alexius Meinong', 7, 1996, 17-42.

"Meinong's Concept of Implexive Being and Nonbeing", Grazer Philosophische Studien, 50, 1995, 233-271.

"Object Theory Foundations for Intensional Logic", Acta Analytica, 13, 1995, 33-63.

"Virtual Relations", Idealistic Studies, 25, 1995, 141-154 (see below).

"Virtual Relations vs. Virtual Universals: Essay, Comments, and Reply" (with William J. Rapaport), Center for Cognitive Science Technical Report 95-10 (Buffalo: State University of New York Technical Report Series, 1995), 1-20.

"Tarski's Quantificational Semantics and Meinongian Object Theory Domains", Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 75, 1994, 88-107.

"A Meinongian Theory of Definite Description", Axiomathes, 5, 1994, 345-359.

"Meinongian Logic and Anselm's Ontological Proof for the Existence of God", The Philosophical Forum, 25, 1994, 231-240.

"Intentionality and the Myth of Pure Syntax", Protosoziologie, 6, 1994, 76-89; 331-333.

"Pollock on Token Physicalism, Agent Materialism, and Strong Artificial Intelligence", International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 7, 1993, 127-140.

"The Origins of Gegenstandstheorie: Immanent and Transcendent Intentional Objects in Brentano, Twardowski, and Meinong", Brentano Studien, 3, 1990-1991, 277-302.

"Fear and Loathing (And Other Intentional States) in Searle's Chinese Room", Philosophical Psychology, 3, 1990, 287-304.

"Intentionality and Stich's Theory of Brain Sentence Syntax", The Philosophical Quarterly, 40, 1990, 169-182.

"Searle's Intentionality Thesis", Synthese, 80, 1989, 267-275.

"Adventures in the Chinese Room", Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 49, 1989, 605-623.

"Stich Against De Dicto - De Re Ambiguity", Philosophical Psychology, 2, 1989, 223-230.

"Mally's Heresy and the Logic of Meinong's Object Theory", History and Philosophy of Logic, 10, 1989, 1-14.

"Intentional Semantics and the Logic of Fiction", The British Journal of Aesthetics, 29, 1989, 168-176.

"Modal Meinongian Logic", Logique et Analyse, 125-126, 1989, 113-130.

"On the Objects' Independence from Thought", translation of and commentary on Ernst Mally, "Über die Unabhaengigkeit der Gegenstaende vom Denken", Man and World, 22, 1989, 215-231.

"Intentionality and Intentional Connections", Philosophia, 17, 1987, 13-31.

"Intentionality and Intensionality: Quotation Contexts and the Modal Wedge", The Monist, 59, 1986, 598-608.

"Margolis on Emergence and Embodiment", The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism , 44, 1986, 257-261.

"Emergence et incorporation selon Margolis", Philosophiques, 13, 1986, 53-63 (French translation).

"Meinong's Doctrine of the Modal Moment", Grazer Philosophische Studien, 25-26, 1985-1986, 423-438.

"Sensation and Intentionality", Philosophical Studies, 47, 1985, 429-440.

"Meinong's Theory of Defective Objects", Grazer Philosophische Studien, 15, 1982, 1-19.

"Preface: After Russell, After Meinong", Russell: Journal of the Bertrand Russell Society, special issue on the 100th aniversary of 'On Denoting', guest co-edited with Kenneth Blackwell and Nicholas Griffin.

"Twardowski, Brentano's Dilemma, and the Content-Object Distinction", Actions, Products, and Things: Brentano and Polish Philosophy, Mind and Phenomenology series, edited by Arkadiusz Chrudzimski and Dariusz Lukasiewicz (Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2006), 9-33.

"Wittgensteins 'Tractatus' und die Logik der Fiktion", Wittgenstein und die Literatur, edited by John Gibson and Wolfgang Huemer, translated by Martin Suhr (Frankfurt am Main: Surkamp Verlag, 2006), 448-467 (original English version published by Routledge, 2004 below).

"Introduction: Brentano's Philosophy", The Cambridge Companion to Brentano, edited by Dale Jacquette (Cambridge: Cambridge Unniversity Press, 2004), 1-19.

"Brentano's Concept of Intentionality", The Cambridge Companion to Brentano, edited by Dale Jacquette (Cambridge: Cambridge Unniversity Press, 2004), 98-130.

"Wittgenstein's Tractatus and the Logic of Fiction", Wittgenstein and Philosophy of Literature, edited by John Gibson and Wolfgang Huemer (London: Routledge, 2004), 305-317.

"Wittgenstein on Lying as a Language Game", The Third Wittgenstein: The Post-Investigations Works, edited by Daniél Moyal-Sharrock (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2004), 159-176.

"Assumption and Mechanical Simulation of Hypothetical Reasoning", Phenomenology and Analysis: Essays on Central European Philosophy, edited by Arkadiusz Chrudzimski and Wolfang Huemer (Frankfurt/Lancaster: Ontos Verlag, 2004), 323-358.

"Introduction: Psychologism the Philosophical Shibboleth", Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism: Critical and Historical Readings on the Psychological Turn in Philosophy, edited by Dale Jacquette (Kluwer Academic Publishing / Philosophical Studies Series, volume 91, 2003), 1-19; reprinted from Philosophy and Rhetoric (see above).

"Psychologism Revisited in Logic, Metaphysics, and Epistemology", Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism: Critical and Historical Readings on the Psychological Turn in Philosophy, edited by Dale Jacquette (Kluwer Academic Publishing / Philosophical Studies Series, volume 91, 2003), 245-262; reprinted from Metaphilosophy (see above).

"David Lewis on Meinongian Logic of Fiction", Proceedings of Writing the Austrian Traditions: Relations Between Philosophy and Literature edited by Wolfgang Huemer and Marc-Oliver Schuster (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Wirth-Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, University of Alberta, 2003), 101-119.

"Wittgenstein on Thoughts as Pictures of Facts and the Transcendence of the Metaphysical Subject", Wittgenstein and the Future of Philosophy: A Reassessment After 50 Years / Wittgenstein und die Zukunft der Philosophie, Eine Newbewetung nach 50 Jahren, edited by Rudolf Haller and Klaus Puhl (Vienna: Öbv&Hpt, 2002), 160-170.

"Introduction: Meinong in His and in Our Times", (with Liliana Albertazzi and Roberto Poli), The School of Alexius Meinong, edited by Liliana Albertazzi, Dale Jacquette, and Roberto Poli (Ashgate Publishing, 2001), 3-48.

"Außersein of the Pure Object", The School of Alexius Meinong, edited by Liliana Albertazzi, Dale Jacquette, and Roberto Poli (Ashgate Publishing, 2001), 373-396.

"Nuclear and Extranuclear Properties", The School of Alexius Meinong, edited by Liliana Albertazzi, Dale Jacquette, and Roberto Poli (Ashgate Publishing, 2001), 397-426.

"Act-Object Psychology", The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, edited by Robert Audi, second edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 9.

"Alexius Meinong (1853-1920)", The School of Franz Brentano, edited by Liliana Albertazzi, Massimo Libardi, and Roberto Poli (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996), 131-159.

"Introduction: Findlay and Meinong", J.N. Findlay, Meinong's Theory of Objects and Values, Edited with an Introduction by Dale Jacquette (Gregg Revivals) (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 1995), xxv-lvi.

"Abstract Entity", "Brentano, Franz", "Extensionalism", "Haecceity", "Impredicative Definition", "Meinong, Alexius", "Subject-Object Dichotomy", "Use-Mention Distinction", The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, edited by Robert Audi (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 3-4; 86-87; 258; 308; 363-364; 477-478; 773-774; 823-824.

"Desire", "Intention", "Responsibility", "Wittgenstein, Ludwig", Ethics (Magill Ready Reference), edited by John K. Roth (Pasadena: Salem Press, 1994), 3 vols., 221-222; 444-445; 742-746; 936-937.

"Meinongian Models of Scientific Law", Theories of Objects: Meinong and Twardowski, edited by Jacek Pasiczek (Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, 1992), 86-104.

"Definite Descriptions", "Extensionalism", "Lambda Abstraction", "Mally, Ernst", Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology, edited by Hans Burkhardt and Barry Smith (Munich and Vienna: Philosophia Verlag, 1991), 2 vols., 201-202; 268-269; 435; 485-486.

"Meinongian Mathematics and Metamathematics", Logic, Philosophy of Science and Epistemology, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Wittgenstein Symposium (Vienna: Hoelder- Pichler-Tempsky, 1987), 109-112.

"Art, Expression, Perception and Intentionality", Art and Expression, edited by Michael H. Mitias and Ananta Sukla (Westport: Greenwood Press).

"Crossroads of Logic and Ontology: A Modal-Combinatorial Analysis of Why There is Something Rather Than Nothing", Essays in Logic and Ontology, Dedicated to Jerzy Perzanowski, edited Jacek Malinowski and Andrzej Pietruszczak (Amsterdam: Rodopi, Pazman Studies in Philosophy and the Humanities).

"Logic for Meinongian Object Theory Semantics", Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Logic, edited by Dov M. Gabbay and John Woods, Volume V: Logic from Russell to Gödel (Elsevier Science).

"Brentano, Franz", "Husserl, Edmund", Scribner's Encyclopedia of Europe 1789-1914, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter (Gale/Thomson).

"Preface: After Russell, After Meinong", After "On Denoting': Themes from Russell and Meinong, (edited with Kenneth Blackwell and Nicholas Griffin) (The Bertrand Russell Research Centre).

Review of Hans-Johann Glock, Quine and Davidson on Language, Thought and Reality, Philosophical Investigations, 29, 2006, 97-103.

Review of Anna Sierzulska, Meinong on Meaning and Truth, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, (electronic format); http://ndpr.nd.edu/review.dfm?id=5781; 2006.02.17.

Review of Edmund Husserl, Philosophy of Arithmetic: Psychologcial and Logical Investigations with Supplementary Texts from 1887-1901, translated by Dallas Willard, The Review of Metaphysics, 59, 2005, 428-431.

Review of Karl Schuhmann, Selected Papers on Phenomenology, Studia Phænomenologica, 5, 2005, 388-390.

Review of Arkadiusz Chrudzimski, Intentionalitätstheorie beim frühen Brentano, The Review of Metaphysics, 46, 2002, 163-167.

Review of Jerry A. Fodor, The Mind Doesn't Work That Way: The Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology, The Philosophers' Magazine, 18, 2002. 59.

Review of Jacek Pasniczek, The Logic of Intentional Objects: A Meinongian Version of Classical Logic, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 64, 1999, 1847-1849.

Review of Laird Addis, Natural Signs: A Theory of Intentionality, Canadian Philosophical Reviews, 11, 1991, 1-3.

Review of Edward N. Zalta, Intensional Logic and the Metaphysics of Intentionality, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 51, 1991, 439-444.

Review of Alexius Meinong, Ueber Gegenstandstheorie Selbstdarstellung, edited by Josef M. Werle, Brentano Studien, 3, 1990-1991, 267-268.

Review of Marie-Luise Schubert Kalsi, Meinong's Theory of Knowledge, Nous, 24, 1990, 487-492.

Review of Daniel C. Dennett, The Intentional Stance, Mind, 97, 1988, 619-624.

Review of Karel Lambert, Meinong and the Principle of Independence: Its Place in Meinong's Theory of Objects and its Significance in Contemporary Philosophical Logic, International Studies in Philosophy, 20, 1988, 92-93.

Review of Rom Harré and Michael Tissaw, Wittgenstein and Psychology: A Practical Guide, Journal of the History of Philosophy.

Review of Dean W. Zimmerman, editor, Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 2, Grazer Philosophische Studien.