HIST 10 World Civ
Lect. # 18

Islamic World(s) song I. Introduction:                     • Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" thesis                    • the modern "conflict" between the West and Islam II. The Rise of Islamic Civilization(s) [Map #1 Map #2]          A. Early Expansion (632-661)                1. Muhammad's legacy:  Qur'an, Monotheism, and Structure                    •                 2. 'The Rightly Guided Caliphs (khalifa)'                    • Abu Bakr (r.632-634)                         - Ridda Wars                    • Umar (r.634-644)                    • Uthman (r. 644-656)                    • Ali (r.656-661)                3. Reasons for Islam's rapid expansion                    • Economic need                    • Internal conflicts in Sassanid and Byzantine Empires                    • Superior military organization          B. Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE)                1. Mu'awiya (Sunni) vs. Ali (Shi'a or Shiites)                2. Damascus                3. Triadic class structure:  hurr, mawali,  dhimmis                    • jizya          C. Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE)                1. Baghdad (founded 762) - Abu al-Abbas                    • Harun al-Rashid (r.786-809)                2. Holy Law and Muslim Jurisprudence                    • Qur'an, hadith, sunnah                    • Ulama & qadis                    • Shari'a                3.Islamic Learning                    •  madrasa                    •  House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah)          D. Islamic Culture                1. Mathematics                     • Indian ["Arabic"] numerals                    • positional notation                    • algebra (al-jabr),                2. Medicine (obstetrics)                3. Chemistry (al-Kimiya')                    •al-kuhl (alcohol )                4. Trade                    • Overland Trade                    • Maritime Trade                    • Banks