IDs: Jiang Jieshi
Northern Expedition
Nanjing Decade
Jiangxi
Soviet
Long
March
Extermination
Campaigns
Xian Incident
Shidehara Diplomacy
Tennōsei-fascism
February 26 Incident
PART I: CHINA's Search for Stability(1927-1937)
- GMD Ineptitude?
- CCP Success?
I. Guomindang & Jiang Jieshi (1887 - 1975)
a. Early Life
- Zhejiang
- Military School
- Japan
b. 1911
- Wanderer
- 1922
c. Huangpu Academy
- Leadership and personal ties
d. Northern Expedition (1926-1927)
- Yangzi Valley (Wuhan)
- Hangzhou (Jan.), Shanghai and Nanjing (March)
- Shift in Balance of Power
e. Anti-Communists Purge
D. Nanjing Decade
a. Difficulties
b. Goals
c. Means
- Sun as "guofu" (father of China)
- New Life Movement
- Personal Image
+ Christian conversion
+ Soong Meiling
II. Mao's Youth
A. Hunan
1. Family
a. Rich peasant
2. Early
Education
a. Schooling
b. Marriage
3. Decade
of Learning (1910-1920)
a. Changsha
- Yang Changji
b. Beijing
- Li Dazhao
4. A New
Era: Mao as Revolutionary (1920-1930)
a. Yang Kaihui
b. Chinese Communist Party Congress (1921)
c. Communist
Purge: 1927-28
B.Jiangxi Soviet
1. Rural
vs. Urban Revolution
2. GMD
Extermination Campaigns (1930 - 1934)
a. Fifth Campaign (1933): Blockhouse Strategy
C. Long
March (1934-1935) [map]
1. 6,000
miles, 1 year, and a lot of luck
2.
Transformation of Mao
- "Bitter Retreat"
- Lack of tactics
- Mao's Leadership
3. Sha'anxi
- Yen'an (Oct. 1935)
D. Mao's "Long March"
1. He
Zizhen
2. Lan
Ping (Jiang
Qing)
3.
Wedding Bells
E. Shaanxi
1. Yan'an
(& Bao'an)
III. The Xian Incident & the United Front
A. Zhang
Xueliang ("The Young Marshal")
1.
Northeastern Army (Manchuria)
- Zhang Zuolin (d. 1928)
2.
Playboy Youth
- Edda Ciano
- Opium, Morphine
3. 1933 -
Europe
- Revitalized
- Japan in Manchuria (Manchukuo)
4.
Stand-off
- Zhou Enlai
- Jiang Jieshi
B. December 1936
1. JIang Jieshi's arrival
2. Dec. 12 - Kidnapping
- Negotiations
- Soong Mei-ling & T.V. Soong (Song Ziwen)
- Dec. 25 - Nanjing
6.
Zhang's Arrest
C. United Front?
PART II: JAPAN'S Search for Stability (1927-1937)
I. Shifting Diplomacy
A. Shidehara Diplomacy
1. Shidehara Kijūrō (1872–1951)
- international cooperation
- economy-oriented diplomacy
- nonintervention in Chinese affairs
2. Rise of Shōwa Restoration
- Military fear of losing Japanese interests in Manchuria
- Popular Appeal: domestic reform/international expansion
B. Manchurian (Mukden) Incident (1931)
1.Kwantung Army - Sept. 18, 1931
- Lt. Col. Ishiwara Kanji
- General Honjō Shigeru
2. Resignation of Wakatsuki cabinet
- Shidehara - Foreign minister
C. Facism?
1. No Hitler or Mussolini
2. Tennōsei-fascism (military fascism)
III. February 26 Incident (1936)
A. Restore the Emperor
1. The Plan
-Seize Tokyo
- Assassination
- "Release Emperor"
2. Emperor's Reaction
- Surrender: Seppuku, Execution
- Martial Law
3. Significance of 2/26
- Control (Tosei-ha) Faction
- Imperial (Kōdō-ha) Faction
- Ascent of Military power
- Culmination of Shōwa Restoration
IV. To the Brink of War