China's Revolution: Chaos Out of Unity
IDs: Sun Zhongshan (Sun Yixian or Sun Yat-sen)
Yuan Shikai
May Fourth Movement (New Culture Movement)
Warlordism
Soong Family
I. Introduction: Shanghai Nights (Zhou Xuan)
1. October 10, 1911 - Wuhan Uprising(Wuchang, Hankou, Hanyang)
2. Sun Zhongshan (Sun Yixian or Sun Yat-sen)
• Denver to Chicago to New York to London to Paris to Shanghai
II. Formation of China
1. Republic of China (January 1, 1912)
• Sun Zhongshan
- Provisional President
- Revolutionary Beliefs: 3 in 1 Revolution & Three Principles of the People
- Guomindang (National People's Party) [KMT - Kuomintang]
2. Manchu Abdication (February 12, 1912)
II. POLITICAL SPHERE: Yuan Shikai
1. Transfer of Power
• Factional Politics
• President of the Republic (February 13, 1912)
- Oct. 10, 1913
2. Betrayal of the Republic
• Second Revolution
- Rule by Assassination
• Yuan's Imperial Fantasy
• 1916 = Reign of the Glorious Constitution (Hongxian)
• Provincial Reactions
II. INTELLECTUAL SPHERE: May Fourth as "Idea"
A. Literary Revolution
1. Chen Duxiu (1879-1942)
• 6 Guiding Principles
1) Be independent and not servile
2) Be progressive and not conservative
3) Be aggressive and not retrogressive
4) Be cosmopolitan and not isolationist
5) Be utilitarian and no impractical
6) Be scientific and not visionary
2. Hu Shi (1891-1962)
- baihua (白话)
B. Student Demonstrations
1. May 4, 1919 (五四)
• Student Idealism/Student Activism
• Anti-Japanese
• Pro-Political Reforms
• Ununified and Politically divided
III. MILITARY SPHERE: Warlords
A. (1916 - 1928)
1. Military Centrifugalism
2. Warlord Class
B. Warlords (map)
1. Reformer: Feng Yuxiang (1882 - 1948)
• "Christian General"
• Social Reforms
• Christian Baptisms (Time)
2. Conservative: Wu Peifu (1874-1839)
• "Scholar Warlord"
- xiucai (1896)
3. Reactionary: Zhang Zongchang
• Nicknames:
- "Dogmeat General"
- "Old 86"
-"3 Don't Knows"
• Early Life
• Position of Power
• "Wired" Heads
4. Mounting Popular Frustration (political cartoon)
• Imperialism
• Warlordism
IV. RETURN OF SUN ZHONGSHAN (SUN YATSEN)
A. Out of the Spotlight
• Japan Interlude
• Chinese Revolutionary Party (Zhongguo Gemingtang)
• Canton Parliament (1917)
• Warlord China
B. Song Qingling (Soong Ch'ing-ling) -
• Soong Family
C. Revitalization of the GMD
•First Congress (1924)
-GMD-Comintern (Communist International) Alliance
-Shifting Principles: Fundamentals of National Reconstruction (1923)
•Northern Expedition (map)
D. End of an Era: March 12, 1925