BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
BET 202: BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION & SYSTEMS
Spring, 1999

Instructor:  Dr. Albert Lozano
                    Office: TC-122
                    Phone: 675-9245
                    email: AXL17@psu.edu

Class hours:      Wednesday 2 - 3:50 Room TC 111
                            Thursday 1 - 2:50    Room TC 018
                            Friday 9 - 10:50      Room TC 107 

Required Textbooks:

R. Aston, Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement
R. Aston & K. Brown, Medical Instrumentation for Nurses ad Allied Health-Care Professionals
J. Carr & J. Brown, Introduction to Biomedical Equipment and Technology

CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Introduction to the operating principles, maintenance and analytic troubleshooting of electronic, fluid and penumatic biomedical equipment. Prerequisite: BET 201, EET 205.

Course Goals

Using the basic principles from BET 201, this course describes the working principles of common medical instruments. In addition, the course prepares the student to read and understand technical literature as operating manuals, service manuals, technical booklets and biomedical journals.

1. ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH SYSTEMS
       1.1 Biopotential amplifiers: requirements
        1.2 The Differential Amplifier
        1.3 The Instrumentation Amplifier
        1.4 Electrocardiographs
        1.5 Leads
        1.6 ECG Machines
        1.7 Electrode connections
        1.8 ECG traces
        1.9 Faults and mainteinance
        1.10 Operating Service & Manual Analysis

2. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH SYSTEMS
        2.1 Overview
        2.2 Electrodes for EEG
        2.3 EEG Block diagram
        2.4 Signal characteristics
        2.5 EEC Applications
        2.6 Faults and maintenance
        2.7 Introduction to filters
        2.8 EMG and related studies

3. BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
        3.1 Heart mechanics and blood pressure
        3.2 Non-invasive methods
        3.3 Invasive methods
                3.3.1 Pressure transducers
                3.3.2 Transducer calibration
                3.3.3 Amplifier circuits
        3.4 Catheter dynamics
        3.4.1 Equivalent circuit
        3.4.2 Practical problems
        3.5 Indications and complications of continuous monitoring

4. PACEMAKERS
        4.1 Pacing basics
        4.2 External pacemakers
        4.3 Internal pacemakers
                4.3.1 Parameters
                4.3.2 Lead connections
                4.3.3 Codes
                4.3.4 Battery
        4.4 Malfunctions
        4.5 Oscillators

5. DEFIBRILLATORS
       5.1 Defibrillator principles
        5.2 Lown defibrillator
        5.3 Defibrillator Circuits
        5.4 Output waveforms
        5.5 Modern defibrillator circuits
        5.6 Cardioverters
        5.7 Uses of external defibrillators
        5.8 Implantable defibrillators

6. ELECTRO-SURGICAL UNITS
        6.1 Introduction
        6.2 ESU Electrodes
        6.3 ESU Modes
        6.4 ESU Circuits
        6.5 ESU Safety & Testing

7. VENTILATORS AND RESPIRATORS
        7.1 Need for ventilatory therapy
        7.2 Terms and definitions
        7.3 Modes of operation
        7.4 Block diagram
        7.5 Handling medical gases
        7.6 Typical faults
        7.7 Plethysmographs

8. OTHER MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
        8.1 IV Pumps & infusion devices
        8.2 Other cardiovascular equipment
        8.3 Other respiratory equipment
        8.4 TENS
        8.5 Battery care
        8.6 EMI issues

TENTATIVE LABORATORY SCHEDULE

The laboratory course has been designed trying to combine the designs and building of electronic circuits with the use and performance testing of medical equipment available in the Lab. For this reason, it combines experiments from the workbook with experiments specifically designed for the medical instrumentation that we have.

1.- Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier based on Op. Amp        2 weeks
2.- Instrumentation Amplifier for an ECG system                          2 weeks
3.- X-ray simulators                                                                    2 weeks
4.- ECG Performance and testing                                                2 weeks
5.- And EEG Filter                                                                      1 week
6.- Bedside monitoring systems                                                    1 week
7.- Pacemaker characterization                                                    1 week
8.- A 60-Hz rejection filter                                                           1 week
9.- Defibrillator and ESU performance                                         1 week

GRADING

Exams: 3 partial exams (total)   30%                     Projects and equipment presentations   20%
1 final comprehensive exam      20%                     Article reviews                                     10%
Laboratory experiments            20%

Grading scale

PRODUCT PRESENTATION EXERCISES

The objective of these exercises is to obtain practice in acquire information found in technical journals and manufacturer’s literature, as well as to present this information to your peers in a clear, concise and reliable way.

Exercise A) Integrated Circuit Specifications. Find all the information available about a particular IC selected by the instructor

Exercise B) In-depth understanding of a particular instrument. Learn how it works and how to service it, based on the user’s and/or service manuals.

Reports:

- Written report covering the main findings for each exercise.
- Class presentation for 10 to 15 minutes, according to the overview suggested by the instructor.

The material covered in these presentations will be quizzed as regular material. Student presentations may be videotaped.

PRODUCT PRESENTATION SUGGESTED TOPICS

These topics are suggested by the instructor. The student, however, can choose other medical equipment of his or her choice, provided it is approved by the instructor. These topics are classified according to a broad spectrum and it might exist some overlap. Source: Medical Electronics available in PSU Wilkes-Barre Campus library. The instructor has additional material for some topics.

CARDIOLOGY
Cardiac Output meters
Cardiac Simulators
Catheterization systems
Defibrillators
ECG Recorders
ECG Telemetry
External Pacemaker Testers
Heart Rate meters
Holter ECG
Interpretative ECG Analyzers
Pacemakers
Stress Test systems